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V 



M E M O I R 



OF 



REV. LUTHER RICE, 



ONE OF THE 



FIRST AMERICAN MISSIONARIES 



TO THE EAST. 



BY JAMES B. TAYLOR. 



BALTIMORE: .^ 

ARMSTRONG AND BERRY 

WOODS AND CRANE, PRLNTERS. 

1840. • 






^ 



Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1840, by 

James B. Taylor, 
in the Clerk's office of the District Court of Maryland. 




I 



r 



PREFACE. 



In consenting to prepare the following memoir, 
the author was influenced not only by a request 
of the Trustees of the Columbian College, but by 
the solicitation and advice of several in whose 
judgment he had confidence. The hope also was 
entertained that some good might be done to the 
cause of evangelical religion. 

The task, delicate and difficult as it was, has 
been performed with a steady purpose to do justice 
to the memorv of an endeared christian brother, 
and to consult the honor of that Redeemer whom 
he trusted and served. The work might have been 
considerably enlarged, but it was deemed most 
expedient, as far as possible, to condense the mate- 
rials, while nothing has been knowingly omitted 
which was necessary to make out a complete 
portraiture. 



IV PREFACE. 

By many it has been regretted, that a biography 
of this distinguished individual, should have been so 
long delayed. It w^ill be proper to state, that it is but 
Httle more than twelve months, since the resolution 
of the Board, requesting the performance of this 
duty, w^as received by the author — and that una- 
voidable delay in the reception of necessary docu- 
ments prevented an immediate commencement of 
the work. Multiplied ministerial duties also, con- 
nected with a desire to bestow as much labor as 
practicable upon the memoir, have contributed to 
retard its publication. 

As the copy-right will be secured to the Trustees 
of the Columbian College, it is hoped that in its 
sale, a considerable sum may be realized by that 
institution, to aid its praiseworthy designs. 

Praying that the God of all grace would crown 
with his blessing this humble effort to glorify his 
name, the work is committed, with whatever imper- 
fections it may contain, to the inspection of the 
christian public. 



University of Virginia., 
March 19, 1840. 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

PAGE. 

Introduction — Mr. Rice's Birth — Reference to his Parents — 
Early History — Amiable Temper— Maternal Influence — 
Natural Decision and Intrepidity of Character — Incident — 
Desire of Information — Serious Impressions — Ministerial 
Counsel — Deep Distress, 9 

CHAPTER II . 

Continued Anxiety — Relief— Peculiar Feeling of Submission to 
the Divine Will — Happy State of Mind — the Change Mani- 
fest to others — Books read previous to Conversion, and their 
Influence — Desire to be Useful — Character of the Church in 
Northborough — Profession of Religion — Deep Piety — Anec- 
dote — Special Efforts to do Good — Formation of Prayer 
Meetings — Opposition from various sources — His Meekness, 21 

CHAPTER III. 

Thoughts respecting an Entrance into the ]VIinistry — Determina- 
tion to pursue a Course of Study-^ Joins Leicester Academy — 
Enters Williams College — Increased Desire for the Salvation 
of Men — Seeks the Reformation of the Church of Northbo- 
rough — letter to Unconverted Brother — S elf-Examination-^ 
Sense of Personal Un worthiness— Christian Character at Col- 
lege—Filial Affection,. ... .^ 39 



VI CONTEXTS. 



CHAPTER IV. 



PAGE. 



Increased Desire for the Promotion of the Gospel — Zeal in the 
Mission Cause — Views on French Infidelity — Letters on Ex- 
perimental and Practical Religion — Licensed to Preach — 
Enters Andover Theological Seminary — Severe Application 
to Study — Studies French and Syriac — Education Completed, 58 

CHAPTER V. 

Origin of Modern Missions in England and America — Early 
Feelings of Mr. Rice on this subject — Society of Inquiry on 
the Subject of Missions Formed at Williams College — Terms 
of Admission — Fields of Labour Contemplated — Society 
Originated at Andover Seminary — Mr. Judson's Feelings and 
Determinations in Reference to Missions — Resolutions of 
Several to go to some Foreign Field — Memorial to General 
Association — American Board of Commissioners for Foreign 
Missions Formed—Impediments to Mr. Rice^s Devotion to 
Missionary Labor^^These Difficulties Removed — Ordina- 
tion — Sails for India — Arrival at Calcutta — Sickness — Other 
Trials, 70 

CHAPTER VI. 

Change of Sentiment — Previous Controversy on the Subject of 
Baptism — Mr. and Mrs, Judson Baptised — Letter on this 
Subject — Letter to Board of Commissioners — Baptism — Op- 
position — Defence of Motives and Conduct — Allusion to tliis 
Subject by Mr. Judson — Separation from the Board of Com- 
missioners—Letter to Brother, 9S 

CHAPTER VII. 

Letters Written to Baptists of America — Opposition of English 
Authorities — Ordered to Leave India — Perplexing Trials — 



CONTENTS. VU 

PAGE. 

Sails for Isle of France — Continued Sickness— Determination 
to Return to America — Reasons — Separation from His As- 
sociates — Departure for United States — Arrival at St. Sal- 
vador—Left for New York— Death of a Sailor— Funeral — 
Results— Arrival in New York — Visit to Boston — Conference 
with Board of Commissioners — Views of their Conduct — 
Consultation with Baptists in and near Boston — Denomina- 
tional Action recommended, 118 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Necessity of Consulting the Churches — ^Mr. Rice consents to 
Engage in the Agency — Leaves Boston — Visits New York 
and Philadelphia — Proceeds to the South — Success — Project 
of a Convention — Letters from Prominent Individuals — Mis- 
sionary Meeting in Philadelphia — Baptist General Convention 
Organized — Mr. Rice urged to Remain in this Country — 
— Appointed General Agent — Interview with Professor S. — 
zeal and Success in Agency — Letters— Multiplied Privations 
and Labors — Letters — First Triennial Meeting of Conven- 
tion — Latter Day Luminary Commenced — Letter, 138 

CHAPTER IX. 

Necessity of Ministerial Education felt by Mr. Rice — History of 
Denomination referred to — Efforts to rouse the Churches to 
Action — Seminary opened in Philadelphia — Letter — Purchase 
of Lot in Washington — College Buildings Commenced — Re- 
solution of Convention in 1820 — Charter Obtained — College 
Opened — Flattering Prospects— Mr. Rice appointed Agent 
and Treasurer — Columbian Star Commenced, , . ♦ 179 

CHAPTER X. 

Increasing Interest of Mr» Rice in the Prosperity of the College — 
Personal Efforts on its Behalf— Contract for Additional 



VUl CONTENTS. 

PAGE- 

Buildings — Heavy Debt Created — Public Confidence Dimi- 
nished — Sickness of Mr. Rice — Separation of College from 
Convention — Unpleasant Differences of Opinion — Resigna- 
tion of Faculty — Various Agencies Employed — Reference to 
the Various Causes of Embarrassment — the Motives and 
Conduct of Mr. Rice in these Difficulties — his Undiminished 
Zeal to serv^e the Institution — Letter to a Friend — Sanguine 
Hope of Ultimate Success, 194 

CHAPTER XI. 

Reference to Mr. Rice's Trials — Sympathy Needed — His Friends 
Numerous — The Prejudices of many Softened — Amicable 
Relations with others Restored — Interesting Letter to Mr. 
Judson — Concern for Revival of Religion in the District of 
Columbia — Condition of Baptist Churches in that region — 
Letters — Desire to Settle in Washington — This Wish not 
Realized — Reflections — Mr. Rice's Health becomes serious- 
ly Impaired — Causes — Reference to Severe Illness, 212 

CHAPTE R XII. 

Manifest Improvement in Spirituality of Mind— Habit of Jesting 
Amended — Interesting Letters — Quotation from Diary — De- 
votion to God Increases — Illness — Death — Interesting Parti- 
culars of his Last Hours, in a Letter from Rev. James E. 
Welch — Sensations produced by his Death in the United 
States — Funeral Discourses — Testimonials of Esteem — Monu- 
ment Furnished by South Carolina Convention — Inscription, 229 

CHAPTER XIII. 

Reference to Mr. Rice's Personal x\ppearance — Dignity of Man- 
ner — Self Possession — Anecdote — Style of his Sermons — 
Their Attractiveness — Doctrinal Character — Importance of 



CONTENTS. IX 

Page. 
Doctrinal Discourses — Method of Reading the Bible and Se- 
lecting Texts — Advantage of tins System — Highly Gifted in 
Prayer — Qualifications for Pastoral Labor, 267 

C HAPTER XI V. 

Reference to Mr. Rice's Extensive Influence and Usefulness Re- 
sults of his Change of Sentiment — Work on Baptism Writ- 
ten — Usefulness in the Mission Cause — Letter from Mr. 
Wade — Success in promoting Ministerial Improvement — 
Failure to return to India Vindicated — Solemn Pledge on this 
Subject — Interesting Letter from Mr. Kincaid — Letter from 
Mr. Judson — Home Missions Projected — Success in Exciting 
the Churches to the Exercise of Benevolence — Union of the 
Denomination Promoted, 280 

CHAPTER XV. 

Reflections — Reference to Mr. Rice's natural Acuteness of Mind — 
Power of Argumentation — Confidence in his own Powers — 
Decision — Ability to meet Great Emergencies — Defects — 
Dependence on Supernatural Influence— Humility — Self De- 
nial — Disinterestedness — Spirit of Forgiveness — Letter — An- 
ecdote — Concern for the Divine Honor- — Testimony of Mr. 
Judson, 302 

CH APTE R XVI. 

Religious Sentiments of Mr. Rice-=— His Views of the Importance 
of Truth — ^Depravity of Human Nature — ^Influence of the 
Spirit — Divine Sovereignty— Practical Tendency of these 
Doctrines— 'Human Responsibility— Ministerial Faithfulness^ 
Origin of the Baptist Church in Lynn, Mass. — Close Com- 
munion^mportance of well written Biographies, 321 



MEMOIR. 



CHAPTER I. 

Introduction — mr. rice's birth — reference to 

HIS PARENTS EARLY HISTORY AMIABLE TEMPER 

MATERNAL INFLUENCE NATURAL DECISION AND 

INTREPIDITY OF CHARACTER INCIDENT DESIRE OF 

INFORMATION SERIOUS IMPRESSIONS MINISTERIAL 

COUNSEL DEEP DISTRESS. 

To accomplish his infinitely wise designs, God 
often operates in a manner, which, to man's falHble 
judgment, is entirely incomprehensible. He raises 
up and employs instruments which men would 
never select, and often makes the failure of human 
schemes the very method of fulfilling his own pur- 
poses. These remarks are happily illustrated in 
those histories, which are furnished by the sacred 
writers. Who can review the process by which 
the family of Jacob was saved from famine and 
death, without perceiving the over-ruling agency of 
2 



10 MEMOIRS OF 

the Lord, making the wrath of man to praise him, 
and restraining the remainder ? The whole history 
of Jacobs descendants up to the time of their settle- 
ment in the land of Canaan, is an impressive com- 
ment on the sovereignty of Jehovah, teaching us 
his manifold wisdom and goodness. 

In this respect, the biography of those pious men 
whose lives have been marked with singular in- 
cidents is replete with instruction. As we trace 
their footsteps through childhood, youth, and riper 
age, and note in the light of their whole history the 
several circumstances of change in their character 
or condition, the hand of the Lord becomes manifest, 
and we are prepared to admire the riches of his love 
in Christ Jesus. Such, there is reason to believe, 
will be the effect in contemplating the biography of 
him, whom God delighted to honour as one of the 
pioneers in the American missionary enterprise. 
In comparing the circumstances which transpired 
in his early life, with his subsequent labour, and in- 
fluence as a minister of Christ, we learn that ap- 
parently trivial occurrences, were connected with 
the most important results. 

Luther Rice was born in the town of North- 
borough, Worcester county, Massachusetts, March 
25th, 1783. His father, Captain Amos Rice, being 
early engaged in the struggles of the revolutionary 
war, essentially aided in securing the independence 
of these United States. He was a man of naturally 
strong intellect, with but limited education. Having 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 11 

a temper quick and ardent, and being exposed to 
the temptations of the camp, he seems to have con- 
tracted habits which proved unfavourable to his 
future usefuhiess, and to the peace of his family. 

The mother of Luther was, in many respects, an 
extraordinary woman. She possessed a vigorous 
and clear mind, which, with the advantages of the 
common public schools, and her subsequent appli- 
cation, she had to a considerable extent improved. 
They were both connected with the Congregational 
church, though there was reason to doubt whether 
they had indeed passed from death unto life. This 
was especially the fact in relation to his father; 
some pleasing evidences of a change in the spiritual 
condition of his mother, were afterwards evinced. 

This statement of the religious character of his 
parents, will not be surprising, when it is known that 
many of the congregational churches of that day, 
were composed of merely nominal professors, who 
were as corrupt in sentiment as they were loose in 
their lives. It was almost essential to respectability 
in society to subscribe to a creed, and to adhere to 
some forms of religion. Thus an unholy alliance 
between the church and world was effected, which 
had well nigh resulted in the expulsion of pure 
Christianity from the land. This would have been 
doubtless the consequence, if the evil had been 
general. There were, however, many exceptions, 
and the Unitarian controversy, at length, produced 
a separation, between nominal professors, and those 



12 



MEMOIRS OF 



who contended "for the faith once delivered to the 
saints.'' 

The early years of Luther's life were not dis- 
tinguished by the occurrence of any remarkable 
incidents. He was, when quite a child, quick in his 
perceptions, docile in his spirit, and amiable in his 
manners. As he advanced in years, and attended 
the common schools of that day, he gave promise 
of future greatness, by the aptitude with which he 
received instruction, and by his diligence in study. 
He was greatly beloved by all his class-mates, as 
well as his teachers, and it is not known that he ever 
received correction at school, or was ever involved 
in a personal quarrel with any of his fellow pupils. 

Considerable pains were taken by his mother to 
impart to him religious knowledge. From earliest 
childhood, he was familiar with the Holy Scriptures, 
and was taught the Lord's prayer, which he usually 
repeated before retiring to rest at night. In addi- 
tion to this, his mother required him regularly to 
memorize portions of the Westminster Catechism. 
The influence also of a pious aunt was employed to 
aid in bringing him up in the nurture and admoni- 
tion of the Lord. She was in the habit of con- 
versing with him in a familiar manner on the sub- 
ject of religion, and her instructions were effectual 
in producing serious impressions, when not more 
than four years of age. At that early period he 
experienced alarming fears of dying, which, how- 
ever, were not of very permanent duration,-— 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 13 

Throughout most of his juvenile years, religious 
instruction was continued, and it will not be pre- 
suming too much to intimate, that these early ad- 
vantages were among the most efficient instrumen- 
talities, which were afterwards owned, of God in his 
conversion. This seems to have been his own view 
of the subject. He w^as often heard to express a 
grateful sense of the divine goodness, in allowing 
him to enjoy these early advantages. 

Of the happy effect of maternal influence on 
character, we have here another evidence, in addi- 
tion to the many thousands already before the world. 
Such influence is beyond conception, valuable and 
enduring. It was deemed worthy of allusion, by an 
apostle, in writing to (Timothy) his own son in the 
gospel. Every mother may be encouraged to con- 
sider the earliest years of her oflfspring as precious, 
and to improve them by pre-occupying the mind 
with scriptural knowledge, and giving the pliant 
disposition such a form as may be favourable to 
future usefulness. 

Reference has been made to the natural sweetness 
of his temper in childhood. He was not, however, 
destitute of vigor in his plans and purposes. On the 
contrary, there was a characteristic decision, and 
promptitude, throughout the years of boyhood, 
which was quite remarkable. A circumstance will 
here be related, which, while it can by no means be 
justified, will serve to exemplify the intrepidity, for 
which he was through life, so much distinguished. 
At the age of sixteen, in company with another 
2^ 



14 



MEMOIRS OF 



youth, without consulting his parents or friends, he 
entered into a contract to visit the state of Georgia, 
to assist in obtaining timber for ship-building. He 
was absent on this expedition for six or seven 
months. Painful apprehensions w^ere indulged that 
he would be thrown into vicious society, and ac- 
quire habits which might involve him in ruin. On 
his return, however, the following spring, to the 
great joy of his family, no perceptible change in his 
morals had been effected. 

He now began to mingle more generally with 
society. Having a taste for music, and being gifted 
with fine colloquial powers, he soon obtained the 
favourable notice of all classes. Although com- 
paratively young, he united with the sprightliness 
and sociability of his disposition, a singular dignity 
of manners. Even then, a desire for solid informa- 
tion rendered him an inquisitive, and agreeable 
companion to those, w^ho for age and education 
were greatly his superiors. He was always most 
happy in the society of intelligent men. 

It has been stated that when quite a child, he was 
the subject of serious impressions. This serious- 
ness was at various times renewed, but usually 
passed away, leaving no permanent influence until 
he had reached his eighteenth year. About this 
period. He who commanded the light to shine out 
of darkness, shined into his heart, leading him to a 
more intimate acquaintance wuth his own character 
as a transgressor of the divine law. There does 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 15 

not appear to have been any particular circum- 
stance, which was the occasion of this new dis- 
covery. Although by early training, his mind had 
been famihar with the whole theory of God's 
method of salvation; yet when he applied himself 
to the task of seeking deliverance from guilt and 
condemnation, he was disposed to hope for it in 
some other way. Embarrassment increased as he 
investigated the subject. His conceptions of the 
holy character of God, and the claims of a law he 
had violated, awakened the most alarming appre- 
hensions, and led him to cry earnestly for mercy. 
But while thus imploring pardon, he entertained the 
idea that by some meritorious acts of his own, the 
blessing sought would be obtained. 

The perplexities of his mind were the more in- 
creased by instructions received from the minister 
of the place. This individual advised to a com- 
pliance with the external forms of religion, espe- 
cially, to a connection wuth the church ; thus be- 
coming a bhnd leader of the bhnd. There was 
reason to apprehend, that he himself had never 
known the way of life. His lady also sought to 
give a wrong influence to the mind of the young 
inquirer, by urging him to mingle with gay society, 
and to avoid those gloomy views of his character 
and condition. 

The counsel thus received was far from bringing 
relief. In vain was the attempt made to dissipate 
the melancholy which possessed his bosom. A 



16 MEMOIRS OF 

fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indig- 
nation continued to disturb him ; nor did he find 
the effort successful to satisfy his guilty conscience, 
by amendment of life, and an endeavour to make 
personal restitution to the law he had violated. 

As in all similar cases, the exertion to render 
himself v^orthy in the sight of God, but the more 
increased his knowledge of personal and utter in- 
ability. His sense of the transcendant excellence 
of the law of God, and the desperate wickedness of 
his own heart became more fixed, and habitual, 
producing anguish and dread almost intolerable. 
Here may be appropriately introduced a reference 
to the state of his mind at this time, written by him- 
self many years after, in a letter to a beloved friend. 

"When I became convinced that I had not ex- 
perienced a change of heart, convinced too that 
such change was essential to happiness — but per- 
ceived at the same time, that mine was in reality 
the carnal mind which is enmity with God ; feeling 
also, that it must depend absolutely upon the will 
of God, whether my heart should ever be changed 
or not; and that no affection, exercise, or effort 
could possibly proceed from such a heart that should 
be any other than morally wrong, and justly offen- 
sive in the sight of the Lord — and saw, too, clearly 
that I ought to love God, and possess absolute sub- 
mission to his holy will ; I was reduced unavoid- 
ably to keen anguish and very great distress, indeed, 
it sometimes swelled to a dreadful agony, and wag 
well nigh overwhelming ! 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 17 

**I was mostly by myself, and day after day for 
weeks and months, spent much of my time, in lite- 
rally weeping and ic ailing ! Then it was, that it 
did seem to me truly astonishing, that unconverted 
sinners were not all of them in deep and constant 
anxiety ! Then it was, that I was astonished that 
christians who had been delivered from the fearful 
condition I saw myself to be in, — if indeed there 
were any such, — were not filled with exceeding 
joy ! Then, too, it was that it did seem to me, I 
could make the most hard-hearted sinner to trem- 
ble, by a representation of the dreadfulness of the 
wrath of God, such an overwhelming sense of it 
often pressed terribly upon me ! And, then, too, it 
did also seem to me, that if I ever should find mercy 
and deliverance from the wrath to come, I would 
endeavour to rescue others from the same most 
wretched condition ! Although these things have 
somewhat faded from my mind, as to the intense- 
iiess of their impressions, I may truly say, that my 
soul hath them still in remembrance /" 

He now ventured to reveal the state of his mind 
to a pious brother, residing in the same town. The 
nature of his case seemed to be understood, and 
deep sympathy was manifested, while every means 
were employed to lead him into the right way. 
Besides giving the best advice, his brother placed 
in his hands several excellent works, the perusal of 
which was productive of much good. Still for 
several months he remained in agony of spirit, not 



18 MEMOIRS OF 

submitting himself to the righteousness of Christ. 
His physical powers began to yield to the intense- 
ness of mental feeling, so that his friends seriously 
feared he was about to sink into a decline. To 
the correspondent above alluded to, he says, 

"I had been in the habit ; being mostly by my- 
self, of spending much of my time, as before stated, 
Hterally in iveeping and wailing. The distress in | 

my soul was so deep, constant, and severe, that it 
impaired my health. My friends thought that my 
ill health affected my mind ; but it was directly the 
reverse, my distress of mind injured my health. I 
rested not by night nor by day. I w^as in the habit 
of waking in the night in extreme agony of feeling. ^ 

It was true of me, at that period, with a little addi- f 

tion, as expressed in Young's Night Thoughts : f 

^'From short (as usual) and disturbed reposed, 
I wake j but wake to woe !" 



"Connected with the period of my deep anxiety 
and distress, previously to the receiving of comfort 
and hope, there were two occurrences of ^o dis- 
tinct, peculiar, and marked a character, as to be 
proper here to be particularly notiqpd. On one 
occasion, I had been reading '^Stoddard's safety of 
appearing in the righteousness of Christ." It was 
a description of the vile, polluted, guilty condition 
of a sinner, connected with the fact, that for such, 
the Saviour shed his precious blood ! For a mo- 
ment, a flood of light burst upon my astonished soul ! 
It was entirely clear and evident, that I, my very 






■0 ' 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 19 

self, personally, was that odious, guilty, justly con- 
demned criminal described ; and that for me, in 
very deed, the infinitely glorious and infinitely 
lovely Son of God actually suffered and died ! O, 
my feelings were indescribable ! my self-loathing, 
my love of Jesus, were alike inexpressible ! Tears 
flowed freely ! It was truly something like joy un- 
speakable, and full of glory ! And I felt as if I 
should have nothing more to do on earth, but to 
rejoice, adore, and praise God and the Redeemer ! 
But in a few minutes all was past, and I was in the 
same guilt, condemnation, and wretchedness, as 
before ; and so remained, I am not now able to 
recollect for how long a period afterwards. 

"On another occasion, I had been praying to 
God to show me the worst of my case ! Rising 
from my knees, and laying down upon my bed for 
sleep, it seemed for the moment as if I was actually 
descending into hell ! my horror and agony, it is 
not possible for language to express ! It was but 
for a moment, nor could I have sustained it longer ! 
Never since have I dared to pray that God would 
show me the worst of my case, or that he would 
show any sinner the worst of his case. I am sure 
no one could sustain it a moment ! Never before 
nor since, have I felt as at the moment, and for 
pretty much all the day ! and I hope, I shall never 
feel it again ! The dreadfulness of the impression 
was such, as produced a noticeable effect in my 
appearance during the next day ! I was awfully 



20 MEMOIRS 01? 

afraid I should lose my reason. A case, too, of a 
deranged man, that I had heard of, I thought I could 
pretty distinctly understand. He said he had felt 
the wrath of God upon his Utile finger ! Such was 
the dreadfulness of the wrath of God, that but the 
touch of it upon that little extremity of his person, 
had, as it were, blasted his whole being in utter 
ruin ! Such was the import of his representation. 
Such was the idea, I could then distinctly, awfully 
apprehend. There was an awfulness of horror in 
it, which cannot possibly be described ! But in a 
few days it was gone ; except as matter of recol- 
lection ! But I did think, if ever I should indeed 
find deliverance and comfort, / would warn tlie 
wiched of their danger : and I did feel as if I could 
verily make the most hard-hearted sinner tremble ! 
I did think I would live differently from any other, 
I have ever known, and better ! But alas ! alas !'^ 



CHAPTER II. 

CONTINUED ANXIETY RELIEF PECULIAR FEELING OF 

SUBMISSION TO THE DIVINE WILL HAPPY STATE OF 

MIND THE CHANGE MANIFEST TO OTHERS BOOKS 

READ PREVIOUS TO CONVERSION, AND THEIR INFLU- 
ENCE DESIRE TO BE USEFUL — CHARACTER OF THE 

CHURCH IN NORTHBOROUGH PROFESSION OF RELI- 
GION DEEP PIETY ANECDOTE SPECIAL EFFORTS 

TO DO GOOD FORMATION OF PRAYER MEETINGS 

OPPOSITION FROM VARIOUS SOURCES HIS MEEKNESS. 

It has been already intimated, that there was 
something remarkable in the protracted character 
of his distress of mind, when taken in connection 
with his early knowledge of the theory of religion. 
As he had been instructed in the things of the 
kingdom, and might be supposed to have known 
the good and the right way, why did he not un- 
hesitatingly walk in it ? The reason is obvious. It 
was not a way which his carnal heart approved. 
There was something too simple and mortifying to 
his pride, to be saved as an utterly helpless, and 
justly condemned sinner, by faith in the atonement 
of Jesus Christ. Hence the long continued struggle. 
There was a reluctance to approve of the righteous 
retribution which his sins might have realized, and 
to submit to God as an infinitely holy, just, and 
good sovereign. 
3 



22 MEMOIRS OF 

How inefficient is the mere knowledge of what ^ 
is right. An early religious training, and scriptural 
ideas of truth are vastly important, but unless the 
heart be rightly affected, no claim to the character 
of a child of God can be entertained. Well might 
the divine teacher, say, except a man be born again, 
he cannot see the kins^dom of God. "The natural 
man discerneth not the things of the spirit of God, 
neither can he know them, because they are spiri- 
tually discerned." "The carnal mind is enmity 
against God, it is not subject to the law of God, 
neither indeed, can be.'' 

But to return to the narrative. The period of 
submission came, and that was the period of relief. 
The enmity of his heart was slain, and as a pros- 
trate, humbled rebel, he made the all-sufficient 
sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the foundation of his hope, 
and rejoiced in God his Saviour with exceeding 
joy — in God, the just and holy God, he could now 
rejoice, and found his overflowing heart running 
out in warm emotions of love. He was willing to 
be the Lord's for time and for eternity. Perhaps 
the real state of his mind at this time cannot be 
so well described as in his own language. "At 
length," he observes, ^^the period of deliverance 
drew nigh ! One morning the thought came into 
my mind agreeably to what the good ministers of a 
century back were w^ont occasionally to propose, 
as a discriminating method of testing the condition 
of persons — whether I would be willing to put a 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 23 

blank sheet of paper with my name at the foot of 
of it, into the hand of God for him to fill up my 
destiny as might seem good in his sight ! I felt that 
I ought to be perfectly willing to do this, but was 
not; and as the idea which was unpleasant to me, 
was departing, I considered distinctly, that I was 
like the foolish bird, which is said to hide its head 
from the sight of danger and remain all exposed to it. 

"In the evening of the same day, a little after 
sunset, the same thought returned. I felt that I 
should be wiUing thus to put a blank into the hand 
of God, to be by him filled as he might please ! 
Nay, being weary of the quarrel with God, so to 
speak, in which I had been so long involved, I felt 
as if I could wish it were literally a fact, that I 
could so dispose of myself and of the case. It 
farther occurred to me, whether I would not be will- 
ing for God thus to write out my destiny and retain 
it with himself, letting me know it only so fast as it 
should come to pass : to which my mind and feel- 
ings readily assented: and a moment's reflection 
presented it to my view as the obvious reality of 
the case : I was absolutely at the disposal of God; 
and should know the details of my destiny just as 
the same should be developed. And I then found 
in this disposition of absolute unreserved submission 
to the will of God, a sweet and blessed tranquillity. 

"From that moment, I seemed to be on the Lord's 
side — was no longer at variance and in quarrel with 
my Maker ; and from that day to this, I have en- 



24 MEMOIRS OF 

tertained a hope, that through the abundant mercy 
of the Lord, and the rich grace of the precious 
Redeemer, and the power of the Holy Ghost, on 
the ground of the great atonement, I have become 
reconciled to God! And I may say, too, to a very 
happy extent, this hope has remained invariable 
and unshaken. My feelings often vary, and vary 
much; but not my hope. And it must be quite 
obvious that while pleased with the will of God, one 
must be happy. 

"This happy experience took place one Saturday 
evening, in the fall of the year, a little after sunset ; 
I do not recollect the day of the month ; though I 
very distinctly remember the hour of the day, the 
spot where I was, and the circumstances around me. 
In the morning the burden of my prayer was, for 
absolute submission to the will of God. I seemed 
too, to be on the side of God ! reconciled to him t 
I had been in the habit of praying, or trying to 
pray : but it seemed rather like the quarrel, the un- 
reconciled pleadings of an enemy in chains, than 
the submissive supplications of conscious unworthi- 
ness at a throne of grace ! But now all was 
changed : I was on the side of God — was his, and 
had no longer any thing to do of my own but in 
his service, as his property, 

"At breakfast, I began to talk in a manner diffe- 
rent from what the family had ever heard — the 
happiness of giving one's-self absolutely to God ! 
What, said one, must we be willing to be damned ? 
I observed, that I had said nothing about being 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 25 

damned, but apprehended that the only way to 
escape that dreadful end, was to give ourselves 
absolutely to God ! It appeared to me too, so rea- 
sonable, and proper, and happy, that I almost 
thought I really could persuade persons to do it ; 
and felt as if, could they but be prevailed with, once 
to make the experiment, they would in a moment 
find such delight in it, that they could have no wish 
ever to retract. From that day to this, I have been 
trying in some form or other, thus to persuade men ; 
but soon found, and have continued to find, that no- 
thing short of divine power and influence can ac- 
complish it. 

"After breakfast, I sat reading, not conscious of 
the effect on my countenance of the delightful 
workings in my bosom ; till my sister asked, what 
was I smiling at ? That Sabbath was truly a de- 
lightful one to me. I now felt perfectly well as to 
health, and was continually singing by myself, in- 
stead of weeping and wailing as before. 

^^Come sound his praise abroad, 
And hjinns of glory sing : 
Jehovah is the sovereign God, 
The universal King." 

"After finding myself thus happy in the Lord, I 
began to reflect in a day or two whether touching 
this reconciliation with God there was any thing of 
Christ in it or not ! It then opened very clearly 
and sweetly to my view, that all this blessed effect 
and experience arose distinctly out of the efficacy 
3* 



26 MEMOIRS OF 

of the atonement made by Christ. That I was in- 
debted wholly to him for it all, and indeed the 
whole of that luminous system of divinity drawn 
out in the Westminster Catechism, opened on my 
view with light, and beauty, and power. This I 
had been taught to repeat, when a child. I then 
felt and still feel glad that I had been so taught." 

An entire change was now wrought, not only in 
his feelings, but in his whole character — old things 
were passed away, and all things became new. 
While the foundation of his hope, was Christ Jesus, 
and him crucified, he began to serve the Lord in 
newness of spirit, and not in the oldness of the letter. 
As he had before been unable to conceal the deep 
seated gloom which pervaded his mind ; so now he 
desired not to remain a passive recipient of the 
divine favour. Wherever he went, he carried in 
his countenance and conversation, the indications of 
a change, as happy as it was supernatural. After 
realizing deliverance, he says, referring to this time. 

"I had much freedom and readiness in conversing 
on the subject'of religion. Scarcely for a season, did 
any opportunity of speaking to any person about 
the things of eternity occur without my having 
something to say. This soon began to make a 
noise, and to give offence. Professors of religion 
and ministers of the Arminian stamp, were among 
those that found fault with my forwardness, and 
making too much ado about religion. But my 
heart was in the thing and I could not stop. I felt 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 27 

for the souls of perishing sinners around me. I 
felt too, that in real religion, there is happiness." 

Speaking of the works to which he had access 
previous to his conversion, he says, '*the books that 
I read during the period of my distress, which was 
a year and a half or more, were such as the works 
of John Newton, AUeine's Alarm, Baxter's Call, 
Baxter's Saint's Rest, Stoddard's Safety of appear- 
ing in the Righteousness of Christ, Doddridge's 
Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul, President 
Davies' Sermons, and so on, and I still think these 
excellent and verv valuable works. Indeed I can- 
not but esteem it a signal favour in Divine Provi- 
dence, that in the absence of other much needed 
helps, such truly good books fell into my hands I 
read them with very serious attention ; for I felt 
that eternity was av/fully at stake. I read the Bible 
too, of course, with much anxiety, from which and 
from such books as those just mentioned, and the 
Catechism, the incipient outline of my religious 
sentiments was formed ; my exercises of experience 
modified and characterized ; and my hope developed, 
shaped and established : Glory to God /" 

At this time, Luther had reached his nineteenth 
year. The happy feelings to which allusion has 
been made, did not expire with the novelty of the 
change he had realized. For a series of months 
the candle of the Lord shone round about him, 
while he triumphed in the riches of that mercy, 
which had relieved him from the bondage of sin. 
He now began to inquire what he might do to 



28 MEMOIRS OF 

glorify his Divine Redeemer, and soon determined 
that it was his duty to make a public profession of 
religion by uniting with the church. There was a 
special desire entertained to mingle with the pious, 
in commemorating the dying love of Christ at his 
table. But in attempting to discharge this duty, 
and enjoy such a privilege, he found his mind in- 
volved in perplexity. 

The church in Northborough with its minister, 
were far from entertaining views and feelings con- 
genial with his own. Indeed most of the members 
of the church, while they could not but admit that a 
remarkable change in the whole character of Luther 
had occurred, were unable to sympathize with him, 
either in those holy joys which then inspired his 
soul, or in the deep anguish which he had previous- 
ly experienced. Like Nicodemus, they were ready 
to inquii'e, "how can these things be ?' They 
ascribed all to the influence of an excited imagi- 
nation, and denominated all a pernicious enthusiasm. 

The verv fact that but little communion of soul 
could be enjoyed under these circumstances, was 
sufficient to produce hesitation in the mind of this 
youthful disciple. But there was still a stronger 
objection. Comparatively inexperienced as he might 
then have been, he knew enough of divine truth to 
be aware that the church was sadly deficient in her 
views of the word of God, and in the spirit and 
practice of most of her members. The form of 
godhness was there, but its vitality had nearly de- 
parted. Serious scruples were entertained lest in 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 29 

forming connection with this people, he should be 
lending countenance to error. But, in surveying 
the whole ground, he saw no method of avoiding 
the difficulty. No church within his knowledge 
was of a different character. At length he resolved 
to testify his own love to the Saviour by an open 
profession and a personal obedience to his com- 
mands; while he entertamed the hope that by the 
divine blessino: he mio^ht be the instrument of effect- 
ing a change in the church itself. His union with 
the church took place, March 14th, 1802, a short 
time before he had entered his 20th year. 

He now found himself thrown into a new sphere 
of labour, and involved in new responsibilities. 
With his characteristic firmness, he resolved upon 
the faithful discharge of duty, whatever might be 
the sacrifice. In his father's house the familv altar 
had long been unknown ; an attempt to rebuild it 
was successfullv made. He could find none in the 
household, who w^ould consent to unite with him in 
morning and evening devotion, but his mother, and 
his youngest sister, who about this time had also 
become a disciple of the Redeemer. In his daily 
intercourse with the family, he maintained a digni- 
fied gravity of manner, and a spirituality of temper, 
which evinced the sincerity of his aims, and com- 
mended to all, the happy eflfects of pure and unde- 
filed religion. 

There was, too, constantly manifest, the most 
amiable and affectionate regard to the comfort of 
those around him, showing that while the gospel 



) 



N 



30 MEMOIRS OF 

restrains unholy purposes and passions, it produces 
no churlish influence, nor deadens the kindlier and 
softer sensibilities of our social nature. While 
therefore, he was mild and kind to all, he was not 
afraid to rebuke sin when necessity required. An 
anecdote related by his brother Asaph, will serve to 
show, how constantly the love of Christ influenced 
his heart. One morning, the next older brother to 
himself, who was devoted to carnal pleasures, 
boasted in his presence of some sinful gratification, 
in which he had participated the day previous. 
With a look full of benevolence, and a tone of deep 
solemnity. Luther interrupted him and said ; "Ah ! 
brother ! if sinners did take as much pains to work 
out their salvation, as they do to effect their ruin, 
how few w^ould be lost." 

He began also to make special efforts by conver- 
sation and otherwise, to influence the minds of the 
unconverted. Even at this early age, he possessed 
a peculiarly happy talent for giving a serious direction 
to the thoughts and feelings of those around him. 
This talent he wisely improved. He was never 
unwilling to have it known, that he was a follower 
of Christ, nor was he ashamed or afraid to vindicate 
his cause. Frequently would he enter into free 
and aflfectionate conversation with his young com- 
panions, warning them to escape the wrath to 
come. "At that period," he himself observes, "my 
mind was constantly upon the subject of religion 
and the salvation of souls- — truth appeared to me 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 31 

very clear and precious. While employed in my 
wonted daily avocation, my mind would be medi- 
tating how to speak to others on the concerns 
of eternitv." 

Another subject of deep and painful solicitude 
with Luther, was the spiritual condition of the 
church. He beheld the prevalence of erroneous 
sentiments in regard to some vital points; while by 
far the greater portion of the members were in- 
dulging in a state of carnal ease and worldliness. 
He could not reconcile it with his obligations, to 
remain a silent spectator, and yet he could not avoid 
embarrassment of mind arising from his youth and 
inexperience. He determined on a prudent, yet 
decided course. Having found a few individuals in 
the church of kindred spirit, a friendly intercourse 
was commenced, and a free interchange of senti- 
ment indulged, by which they became mutually 
established in the faith. His next step was to ap- 
point and lead a social prayer meeting. It was 
also designed for free conference on their own per- 
sonal feelings. These meetings were commenced 
the same year in which he united with the church. 

His brother Asaph, in referring to the subject re- 
marks : "These meetings were entirely new in the 
place, and but few attended. Until this period he 
was not molested but suffered to enjoy his opinions; 
but when it was found that his religion was an ac- 
tive principle, opposition began to rear its brazen 
front. His meetings were held in an old school 



32 MEMOIRS OF 

house, but it was not long before it was locked up, 
and he driven from the place. Some two or three 
meetings were afterwards appointed at the residence 
of an old professor of religion, but when he found 
they were unpopular, he declined opening his doors 
for that purpose. An appointment was then made 
on thanksgiving day at the house of one of the 
deacons of the church. As soon as it was known, 
many of the neighbours assembled and uttered such 
threats as induced the old gentleman to counter- 
mand the appointment." His brother Asaph then 
opened his house, and the meetings were there for 
some time continued. He seems to have enjoyed 
these seasons in a very high degree. 

In a letter to a friend, he thus refers to these 
meetings. "Not only w^as the opposition of my 
own respected and dear father to be encountered ; 
but that of other professors of religion, members of 
the same church with myself, and of the unconverted 
and the wicked. But God suffered none of them to 
set on me to hurt me, though some threatenings 
were utterred. Scarce a member of the church 
dared fully to countenance my course — for really 
considerable excitement prevailed for a, season 
among the people in relation to my course. I 
could not refrain from talking with every one, that 
met wdth me on the subject of religion ; nor could 
I refrain from holding religious meetings, called 
conference meetings, to read, pray, exhort, and 
converse with such as attended, although only half 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 33 

a dozen ventured to attend. My brother, then a 
member of the same church, now the only sur- 
viving one besides myself, of seven, being of an 
independent spirit, regardless of the opposition of the 
minister, professors, and the multitudes, although he 
did not unite with me in my course, yet allowed me 
at any time to hold meetings at his house. There 
was a Baptist in another neighborhood not far dis- 
tant, who would also, allow me to hold meetings at 
any time at his house. I do not now recollect any 
other, that would do it. A cousin of mine, deacon 
of the same church, and one among the more 
apparently religious of the professors, consented I 
might hold a meeting at his house, but before the 
day appointed came, he withdrew his consent, and 
utterly refused to permit it ! I seriously asked him 
how he thought that it would appear in the day of 
judgment, his refusing the friends of Christ to meet 
in his house to pray and talk together of the things 
of the kingdom of Christ, because the enemies of 
Christ spoke against it ! But nothing could move 
him ! I insisted that his refusal was a violation of 
his previous promise to me, but to no purpose ! 
Such was the "state of things that immediately 
ensued, when it pleased the gracious Redeemer to 
give me comfort and life in religion. A candle is 
not lighted to be put under a busheL My profession 
of religion, while I had only the form, without the 
power of godliness, made no disturbance. But the 
light cannot fail to give uneasiness to those who love 
darkness /" 
4 



34 MEMOIRS OF 

In these endeavours to promote the spiritual good 
of the church, he was joined by a relative, who was 
at that time preparing to enter the ministry. A 
few others, also, were his companions in labour. But 
when persecution raged, nearly all forsook him and 
fled. He was not however forsaken of Him for 
whom these trials were endured. The cheering 
smile of his Lord and Master was enjoyed, and this 
was an ample recompense for the loss of all earthly 
good. 

The most painful circumstance connected with 
the trials of Luther, has not yet been mentioned. 
Nor would it have been introduced were it not, that 
it constitutes an important item in the development 
of his character and feelings, and of his future 
history. 

This circumstance was the stern opposition of his 
I father. His brother Asaph says in reference to it : 
"in the persecution he endured was literally fulfilled 
the prophecy of the Saviour, *a man's foes shall be 
. they of his own household.' His father became his 
most bitter enemy, furnishing materials for oppo- 
sition and ridicule which had not the least founda- 
tion in fact. His mother stood by and defended 
him in his trials, which made him feel so peculiarly 
tender towards her in all after life. I believe there 
was but one house, excepting my own, in which he 
was permitted to hold religious meetings." 

There are two things which here deserve the 
notice of the biographer. In the course he pursued? 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 35 

and which excited all this rancorous feeling he did 
not depart from the path of discretion. There was 
nothing in his measures which did not accord with 
all that might be expected from an active, spiritually 
minded christian. In the second place ; the rage of 
his foes was met with the meekness and mildness 
of the lamb. This is the testimony of his surviving 
brother. "The opposition he met with/' he says, 
<^was principally from professors of religion. His 
naturally good temper secured for him the friend- 
ship of his early companions, for though he was 
serious, he was not morose ; though religious, he 
was not austere. He maintained such consistency 
of conduct, that like the princes and governors of 
old, they could find no fault with him, except it was 
in relation to his God. Although his father rarely 
spoke peaceably to him ; he bore all with such 
meekness of manner, and kindness of language as 
fullv to demonstrate that he had imbibed another 
spirit. His conduct in, and out of the family was 
uniform." Referring, himself, in another clause to 
the treatment of his parent, he makes use of the 
terms, "my own dear and respected father :" and 
indeed always seemed to entertain the feelings 
which a child should manifest towards his parent. 
That something of the general spirit by which he 
was actuated may be learnt by the reader, an ex- 
tract from a letter addressed to a beloved aunt in 
the year 1804, will here be inserted. "I have lately 
had a dispute or two both against x\rminianism and 



36 MEMOIRS OF , 

Universalism. I think it quite pi^obable, that I shall 
have more. I stand in great need of your prayers, 
that I may not do an injury to rehgion, while at- 
tempting to defend it. I think it important for 
christians firmly to maintain the doctrines of the 
Bible ; but it is highly necessary that we maintain 
them with meekness, with disinterestedness, and 
love. Let us love the truth ; and whenever we 
have a call to defend it, let us endeavour to manifest 
that we love it, and contend not for victory, but for 
the truth's sake. Let us by all means endeavour to 
manifest that we wish w^ell to our opponents ; and 
carefully avoid the smallest appearance of an angry 
or self-important spirit. Let us endeavour that 
benignity, meekness, and inoffensiveness may be 
distinguishing features in our lives and conversation. 
Let us very earnestly strive that these beauties may 
be woven into the very web and texture of our 
whole deportment. Let us give the most heedful 
and persevering dihgence to gain the ornament of a 
meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God 
of great price. This is that amiableness, which free 
from selfish ostentation, it may be truly said, that it 

*^'Needs not the foreign aid of ornament. 
But isj when unadorned, adorned the most." 

Let us studv the life and character of Jesus, and 
tread in his footsteps with a holy ambition of soul. 
And though we cannot, and indeed if we could, 
ought not to help being grieved at the miscarriages 
of others, yet let us endeavour to profit by them. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 37 

Let them serve to keep us humble, watchful and 
prayerful. Let us strive to rid ourselves, as far as 
possible, from every impropriety, from every incon- 
sistency and blemish. This we are bound to do by 
the tenor of our high calling. Are persons to judge 
of the master by what they observe in the disciple ? 
How infinitely important is our character as chris- 
tians! What high responsibilities ai'e we under! 
The dorv of the eternal Jehovah, as well as the 
happiness of immortal souls, is, as it were in some 
measure entrusted with us. With what diligent con- 
cern should w^e regard so sacred, so infinitely dear 
and important a deposite. Let us then my dear and 
respected aunt, endeavour to glorify Christ, and re- 
commend his peaceful benign religion to all around 
us, by a meek, inoffensive and winning deportment ; 
and then, no doubt, we shall experience the truth of 
that lovely scripture ! The meek also shall increase 
their joy in the Lord." 

^'Among other efforts, T have drawn up a sub- 
scription paper, and after spending some time, have 
obtained fifteen subscribers, in this town, for the 
Magazine ; and I expect to gain a few more. This 
I hope is a token for good. I hope the Magazine 
will be blessed to the conversion of sinners in this 
place ; and that the money paid for them will be 
blessed to the conversion of others. The design 
of the "Missionary Society" is benevolent ; and by 
taking the Magazine we assist, and encourage them 

as well as benefit ourselves. I have engaged to be 

4* 



38 MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 

at the trouble of getting the Magazine into town 
for all who set their names to my paper. I went 
to Mr. Austen's last Wednesday, after the first No. 
The more I see that man, the better Hike him. He 
thanked me for my exertions in the good cause, and 
appeared to be pleased that there were so many 
subscribers in this place. He encouraged me to 
exert myself to do good : but at the same tirne^ -this 
holy man did not forget to caution me against that 
dangerous enemy to our souls, spiritual pride. He 
also gave me the pleasing intelligence, that chris- 
tians throughout the world are quite alive to the 
interests of religion. Such news is very animating ; 
I know of nothing more calculated to rouse our 
sluggish* souls, than hearing of the Ufe, activity, 
and zeal of others. If christians are in general 
stirred up, may we not look upon it, as a token, or 
rather an earnest, that God is about to spread the 
triumphs of the cross ! What cause then is this of 
joy and praise, for every christian.'^ 



CHAPTER III. 

THOUGHTS RESPECTING AN ENTRANCE INTO THE MIN- 
ISTRY DETERMINATION TO PURSUE A COURSE OF 

STUDY JOINS LEICESTER ACADEMY ENTERS WIL- 
LIAMS COLLEGE INCREASED DESIRE FOR THE SAL- 
VATION OF MEN SEEKS THE REFORMATION OF THE 

CHURCH OF NORTHBOROUGH LETTER TO UNCON- 
VERTED BROTHER SELF-EXAMINATION SENSE OF 

PERSONAL UNWORTHINESS CHRISTIAN CHARACTER 

AT COLLEGE FILIAL AFFECTION. 

Two or three years from the time he joined the 
church, some inquiries began to be indulged, re- 
specting the propriety of devoting himself to the 
christian ministry. Up to this period he had la- 
boured on the farm, and expected to continue at 
this employment through Hfe. The fond desire had 
been cherished to remain with his parents, and 
contribute while they lived to their comfort and 
support. But God seeth not as man seeth. The 
trials which on every side were suffered, produced 
a purifying influence on the heart, and led to a 
more unreserved consecration to God. As his 
brother expresses it : "In his father's house, he was 
made to bear the yoke in his youth, and was trained 
to the cultivation of those graces, so useful in prose- 
ting the work in which he was to spend the remnant 
of life.'^ 



40 MEMOIRS OF 

A reference to this important period, and the 
circumstances which incHncd him to think seriously 
of entering the ministry is contained in one of his 
own letters, written in the year 1835. He thus pro- 
ceeds : "Important consequences frequently spring 
from causes apparently trivial and inadequate; and 
the most important turns in life, find their origin 
sometimes in circumstances of an unpleasant nature, 
often in things unlooked for, and not taken into the 
account in calculating the plan and course to be 
pursued. This observation arose in my mind, in 
reflecting on circumstances w^iich w^ere connected 
with the original purpose to obtain a collegiate 
education, with a view^ to the christian ministry; 
and indeed all the more important turns in my life 
thus far have been unexpected, til] almost in contact, 
or so to speak, wdth the very period of their occur- 
rence, growing out of circumstances not thought of 
before hand, and not taken into the calculation in 
forming the plan of pursuit. These turns have, 
therefore, been mostly unexpected; or, if contem- 
plated at all in the distance, have been developed 
at a time, or in a way not previously anticipated. 
The way of man is not in himself, "^^ 

"My former letter brought the recital of events, 
through which the guiding hand of Divine Provi- 
dence was conducting me, to the conclusion then 
formed of seeking an enlarged and proper educa- 
tion, with a view of preaching the gospel. A cir- 
cumstance of deeply embittered unpleasantness was 



REV. LITTHER RICE. 41 

intimately mingled with the considerations, which 
constituted the basis of that important turn in my 
earthly career. The circumstance here alluded to, 
was the opposition of my father, (but still I venerate 
the memory of a name so dear,) yes, the opposition 
of my father to that life in religion^ which I could 
not refrain from manifesting ! He, as well as my 
mother, (still exceedingly dear to my memory) was 
a member of the same church which I at first joined. 
While I was merely sober, serious, and moral, but 
unacquainted with the -power of vital godliness, he 
was well enough pleased. But when it pleased 
God to make me see, and feel, and manifest the 
reality and life of religion ; having never expe- 
rienced, as I have reason to fear, any thing of the 
kind himself, lie could not bear with it in me ! This 
state of things, eflectually uprooted the fond antici- 
pation I had indulged of possessing the home-place, 
and taking charge of my parents, (a consideration 
exceedingly dear to me) in their latest dechne. 
And thus what might otherwise have constituted a 
material barrier in the way of my devoting my hfe 
to the sacred service of the ministry, was entirely 
removed. How mysterious are the ways of Divine 
Providence." 

The idea of obtaining a collegiate education, was 
first suggested by an Evangelic Calvinistic minister^ 
residing about ten miles distant from Northborough. 
He had been a witness of his toils and trials, and 
believed that God intended him for eminent useful- 



42 MEMOIRS OF 

ness. Previously to this period every opportunity 
of improvement had been embraced, and thus his 
mind was stored with much useful information. 
But now he resolved on passing through an entire 
course of study. That he might be prepared to 
enter college, he became connected with the Leices- 
ter academy, and pursued the preparatory studies 
with commendable diligence. Three years were 
spent in this manner. To assist in defraying the 
expenses, part of the time was occupied in teaching 
a day school at Paxton, and conducting a singing 
class at night. Amid these cares and labours, there 
was no intermission of holy devotion to the Re- 
deemer's cause. Prayer meetings were still held 
under his superintendence ; and endeavours were 
constantly made to win souls to Christ. The varied 
perplexing trials to which he had been subject, had 
produced a very salutary influence on his own 
heart, so that besides vigorous exertions to benefit 
others, he was habitually pi^ompt in the duties of 
self-examination and prayer. It is stated by one 
w^ho had opportunity of knowing that he delighted 
especially in communion with God, and often referred 
to the inexpressible satisfaction received in carrying 
all his griefs before the throne, and there seeking 
aid and direction. Nor did he seek in vain. The 
Lord strengthened with all grace, by his spirit in the 
inner man, and enabled his servant to exhibit in the 
presence of all his foes the ornament of a meek and 
quiet spirit. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 43 

Mr. Rice entered Williams college in the early 
part of October, 1807. In passing through the 
requisite examination, it was found that he was pre- 
pared at once to enter the Sophomore class. This 
fact will determine how well the three previous years 
at the academy had been improved. Though deeply 
and constantly interested in the salvation of sinners, 
this solicitude w^as not allowed to prevent the closest 
application to study. Indeed it seems rather to 
have operated as a stimulus. The principle had 
been settled that he belonged to God, and the best 
means of qualifying himself for effective service 
w^ere deliberately sought. That some idea of the 
tone of his religious feeling at this time may be 
formed, a brief extract from a letter to his brother 
will be inserted. It is dated, 

Williams College, Oct. 14, 1807. 

Dear Brother : — I have now been here a little 
more than a week, and being settled down to study, 
begin to feel at home. I am not yet much acquainted 
with the students. There is, however, I believe, a 
considerable number of serious and hopefully pious 
persons among them. There is also, I fear, a con- 
siderable number, I might say, a majority of the 
scholars who appear not to be serious, or, in any 
proper sense attentive to religion. There have been 
three deaths in this tow^n, since my arrival, which 
is only nine days. Two young persons w^ho entered 
the Freshman class in this college at Commence- 



44 MEMOIRS OF 

ment, have been summoned to appear in another 
world. One of them, the President's son, died at 
Commencement, soon after he entered the college. 
How uncertain and precarious are all earthly con- 
nections and concerns ! Life is uncertain, health is 
uncertain, indeed all things with which we are con- 
versant in this world. In such a condition, how 
precious is the gospel of Christ! What an im- 
mensity of good does it present ! It seems to be the 
very thing we stand in need of. It completely 
meets the exigencies of our cases. In this world of 
crime, wretchedness, and uncertainty, it makes over 
to the believer, the blessing of God. To those who 
comply with it, it makes all desirable good abso- 
lutely certain. How important then is a compliance 
with the gospel ! How desirable that christians 
should duly appreciate this importance ! that they 
should live agreeably to their high hopes and expecta- 
tions, and walk w^orthy of their vocation ! How de- 
plorable to see such vast multitudes of our fellow sin- 
ners neglect, and that too for a thing of naught, this 
infinitely rich inheritance ! How cutting to the 
friends of Jesus, to see wicked wretches spurning 
the Saviour, slighting his infinite mercy, and tramp- 
ling his boundless compassion under their feet." 

A removal from the town of Northborough did 
not result in a diminution of interest for the spiritual 
w^elfare of the church in that place. It had long 
been his heart's desire, and prayer to God, that a 
change might be effected, and now while prosecu- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 45 

ting his studies in another town, he still cherishes a 
deep solicitude on this account. In many letters he 
adverts to the subject, expressing the hope that his 
brother would make continued endeavours to pro- 
mote the improvement in hoHness of those with 
whom he was connected. Being well acquainted 
with the impediments in the way of success, and the 
limited number of those who desired a different 
state of things, he urges the increased responsibility 
to effort. "I think it your duty," he remarks, "to 
use great and persevering exertions to produce a 
reformation in the church ; that you are a proper 
person to undertake such a work — that there is 
reason to hope for, at least some degree of success, 
and certainly no reason to fear that things will be 
driven to a w^orse state. There is therefore, no- 
thing to lose, make the experiment — the matter is 
of serious and awful moment. 

"A few observations upon each of these parti- 
culars. With respect to the first, there can be no 
doubt that we are under indispensable obligations 
to use great and persevering exertions to reform 
mankind, so far as we have any influence over 
them. The proofs of this are numerous, and need 
not be here dwelt upon. SuflSice it to say, that the 
precepts of our religion, and the very nature of 
benevolence, unitedly enforce it. This is our duty 
in general ; but you are obliged to particular and 
strenuous exertions, in that particular church, by 
express covenant engagements. I conceive that 
5 



46 MEMOIRS OF 

as individuals, we are bound to watch over every 
other individual. Any other construction makes the 
covenant in this respect a mere form of words, 
without any meaning — a solemn trifling with the 
Almighty ! the very thought of which should make 
us tremble. If individuals be not bound, neither is 
the church, for the church is made up of indi- 
viduals. 

"But how must reformation be attempted ? The 
need of it, and the importance of using exertion 
for its accomplishment, are obvious and readily 
acknowledged : but what shall be done ? What 
particular method of procedure will be most proper ? 
What occurs to me as being the most likely way 
of doing good, under your circumstances is this: 
Talk with Mr. W. represent the case to him in its 
true light, with great plainness and solemnity ; and 
press it home wdth a faithfulness which looks for- 
ward to the bar of God, and at the same time with 
a deference due to his station, and a meekness 
becoming Christianity. Converse in much the same 
way w^ith the religious brethren of the church. 
Endeavour to get them engaged in the same work, 
get some of these to meet with you once a week, 
fortnight, or month, as may be thought proper, 
humbly and earnestly to beg the blessing, direction, 
and aid of the Almighty God. 

"Tliis appears to me a very necessary, and vast- 
ly important step, which I beseech you to weigh in 
your own mind with prayerful attention. Could I 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 47 

hear that this were practised, I should expect a 
desirable issue ; but without it, I do not look for 
any reformation. I said there is reason to hope 
for some degree of success ; this appears to be 
evinced by experience. The faithful labours of 
God's children have often been attended with his 
blessing ; and why have not you as much reason 
to expect the blessing of God, in the faithful and 
pious discharge of duty, as others who have gone 
before you. 

^*Who can say that God may not have it in his 
infinitely holy mind, to revive religion in North- 
borough ? Who knows but that you may have been 
raised up for an instrument in some measure of so 
great a good ? And is it not the slightest possibility 
of an event so desirable, sufficient to call into 
exercise all the powers of the mind, and to excite 
the most energetic and persevering exertions ? Me- 
think it would be our delight to be pleading the 
cause of our glorious Redeemer, were it not for 
the amazing insensibility of our hearts. Ought not 
our souls to burn within us, and to bound with holy 
desire to be engaged .in such a cause?" 

It will be seen from these extracts how ardently 
he desired the prosperity of the church with which 
he still retained membership. None can fail to 
approve of the judicious suggestions contained in 
this letter. They evince a remarkable discretion 
for one so young in the faith. In another extract, 
he refers to the best method of determining the 



48 MEMOIRS OF 

path of duty in all seasons of perplexity, and 
applies it to the anxiety of his brother respecting 
the state of things in Northborough. It is in answer 
to inquiries on the subject. 

"The rule by which we are bound to walk, is 
not the opinion of erring, sinful fellow-worms, but 
the infalHble word of God. This is a perfect rule 
and a sufficient guide, and contains proper direc- 
tions for every case ; but yet such is our short- 
sightedness, such our blindness of heart, so limited 
and superficial our acquaintance with God's blessed 
book, that we may be still liable to doubt, and hesi- 
tate concerning duty under various circumstances. 
It is a pretty clear case, however, at least with me, 
that in cases of hesitation and perplexity, love to 
God and religion is the best casuist that can be 
consulted. It is apprehended that if the heart be 
properly under the influence of holy affection, there 
will not be great danger of making very injurious 
mistakes in practice, or of neglecting very impor- 
tant duties. Gracious souls by living near to God, 
in holy communion with the sacred Trinity, may 
acquire a peculiarly desirable habit of judging 
and determining upon the fitness and propriety of 
present conduct, in some sense, to use Newton's 
comparison, as a musical ear judges of sounds. 
This suggests the importance of being heavenly- 
minded, if we would avoid perplexity and pangs of 
conscience. 

A very affectionate letter, written from college 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 49 

to an unconverted brother, deserves a place here, 
evincing as it does the deep concern felt for one so 
nearly connected, and who was exposed to the 
wrath to conae. It is dated 

"Williams College, jSTov. 25, 1807. 

"Brother Jacob: — Whatever difference of opin- 
ion may, at present, exist between us with respect 
to religion, and howev^er variant may be our prac- 
tice in this respect, the time is not far distant, when 
we shall, I believe, harmonize in opinion as it 
respects the most essential, and most important 
articles of belief, and shall both approve or disap- 
prove the same general course of conduct. Our 
sentiments and practices will both, in a very short 
time, be brought to the solemn test. They will 
pass through a trial which no art can elude, nor 
force prevent, and from which there can be no 
appeal. And if a death-bed do not remove our 
errors, so far as to convince us each of the same 
general theory ; the clear irresistible Hght of eter- 
nity will undoubtedly effect it* 

"Suffer your brother, w^hose anxious, longing 
heart, feels solicitous for your welfare, to expostu- 
late with you a httle upon the vastly interesting 
concerns of a future world. You are not requested 
to lay aside your reason, but to exercise it. You 
are not desired to receive any proposition as truth 
upon the mere ispse dixit of another, but to do 
yourself the justice candidly to weigh the evidence, 
and to yield to the decision which reason, unbiassed, 
5* 



50 MEMOIRS OF 

uncorrupted, necessarily forms in view of truth. 
Could you be prevailed upon to do this, (and surely 
not to do it must leave a conviction, and conscious- 
ness of the most egregious folly,) there v^ould 
remain no doubt of a speedy alteration in your sen- 
timents and practice. 

"I make the appeal to reason — I go farther, I 
appeal to yourself, and am willing to hazard the 
result upon the decision of your own mind, if you 
will not stifle, or conceal the conviction of your 
own understanding. Has it not the approbation of 
reason, to conduct us, strangers on the earth, and 
candidates for eternity l Is it an apostacy from 
wisdom to treat eternal concerns as vastly more 
important and interesting than those of a temporal 
nature ? Is it an aberration from true dignity or 
greatness, to pay a serious respect and reverence 
to the name and worship of the Almighty ? Is it a 
breach of propriety or deviation from refinement, to 
revere and worship our Maker ? Does it discover a 
more refined, more noble, or more exalted mind, to 
live without God in the world ? To treat his holy 
name with irreverence, and his worship, with neg- 
lect? Does the great Sir Isaac Newton in your 
opinion betray his weak side, in his sincere attach- 
ment to Christianity ? Does the name of chief justice 
Hale appear to you contemptible, on account of his 
scrupulous observance of the holy Sabbath, and 
conscientious regard to all the duties of piety ? 
Does Mr. Boyle sink in your esteem, because he 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 61 

felt such a profound respect for that immense 
Being, whom we call God, as to induce a solemn 
pause, whenever he was about to utter his tremen- 
dous name ? 

"I venture to say what answer you must inevi- 
tably give to these interrogatories, would you only 
allow yourself a few moments of serious reflection. 
If you would not shut your eyes against the light, 
and believe your own conscience, you would most 
certainly conclude in favor of religion. Do not say 
that I speak with too great an air of assurance. It 
is a plain case, level to the lowest capacity. The 
reasonableness of religion is so apparent, and the 
folly of irreligion so strikingly manifest, that it is 
not possible for an unbiassed mind, which attends to 
evidence, and is prepared to decide according to 
truth, to embrace a conclusion unfavorable to the 
former, but consonant to the latter. And would 
your inclination suffer you to live agreeably to the 
dictates of your own understanding, you would 
certainly assume a religious character. 

"O then let me entreat you with the anxious soli- 
citude of an affectionate brother, seriously to weigh 
the consequences of your present conduct. You 
know that you must die, why then will you not 
employ a few solitary thoughts at least, upon the 
serious concerns of this solemn event? Why will 
you rush upon your own destruction in spite of all 
those vast and weighty considerations, w^hich solicit 
your attention, and cry aloud forbear ! Why will 



52 MEMOIRS OF 

you go counter to the decision of your own sober 
judgment, and refuse a compliance with the admo- 
nitory voice of conscience ? You may, perhaps stifle 
the accusation of this internal monitor for a season ; 
but, believe me, my brother, your triumph will be 
short, your peace of no considerable duration. 
Conscience will soon awake. She will have a 
hearing, *Your leave unask'd.' " 

During the period of his stay at college, Mr. 
Rice still maintained a high sense of obligation to 
God. In view of the divine purity, and his own 
daily imperfections he sometimes yielded to depress- 
ing apprehensions concerning his own spiritual 
character. Referring to the labours to which he 
expected to consecrate his Hfe, and the danger of 
deception, he thus writes to his brother : 

"I apprehend that unconverted men may in some 
instances be useful preachers. This opinion ap- 
pears to be confirmed, by those striking and very 
solemn words of the Saviour. "Many will say unto 
me in that day, Lord, Lord, have we not prophesied 
in thy name, and in thy name cast out devils ? and 
in thy name done many wonderful works ?" Matt, 
vii. 22, These will probably be such as have really 
been useful, have not only entertained hope that 
they were friends of the blessed Jesus, but have 
labored, and perhaps have been quite zealous to 
promote religion. But how awful their mistake ! 
and how distressing their disappointment ; to be re- 
jected of that Saviour, of whose kind embrace, and 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 53 

gracious reception of them, they had entertained 
such raised expectations, such fond conceits, such 
Jively hopes. Instead of this joyful welcome to his 
love, to hear that heart-rending sentence, 'Depart 
ye cursed?' How will that fearful word rive and 
pierce their ghastly souls ! Oh ! who can endure 
its intolerable pangs." 

In other letters there is manifest the same jeal- 
ous inspection of his own heart. Frequently he 
uses the most forcible language, when referring to 
the depravity of human nature, as he found it 
developed in the comparative weakness of his faith 
and love. Though he felt in a hvely degree the 
constraining influence of a Saviour's compassion, 
and evinced strong desires after hoHness of charac- 
ter ; and though indeed he had attained an eminent 
measure of christian excellence, vet w^hen he enter- 
ed into a comparison of what he was, with what 
he ought to be, he entertained a painful sense of 
deficiency. Hence the self-loathing expressions he 
employs. This impression of personal unworthiness 
may serve, only to excite ridicule among such as 
have no spiritual discernment of God and his truth. 
But those who are borne of the Spirit are prepared 
to understand and bewail the deceit, and desperate 
w^ickedness of the heart. Beholding the incompara- 
ble excellence of iehovah, and the spirituality of 
his law, they perceive by contrast the exceeding 
sinfulness of sin and are made to abhor it as they 
find it in their own character. "I am a man of 



54 MEMOIRS OF 

unclean lips;'' was the confession of the inspired and 
devoted Isaiah, when he beheld the glory of the 
King, the Lord of hosts. Another servant of God, 
whose self-denial, fervent love, and untiring zeal, 
gave proof that he was honest in the sacred cause, 
was heard to exclaim, "O, wretched man that I 
am, who shall deliver me from the body of this 
death ;" and at the very time too, when he could 
say ; "I delight in the law of God after the inward 
man." 

Concerning tfie christian deportment of Mr. 
Rice, while pursuing his collegiate course, there 
remains the most pleasing evidence. The biogra- 
pher has frequently received from an intelligent and 
pious member of the family in which he boarded? 
the most marked commendation of his piety. It 
was as regular as it was glowing. During meals 
and other intervals of leisure, the time was usually 
occupied in profitable conversation. Opportunities 
were embraced of giving personal warning to the 
impenitent, and of rousing to action the lukewarm, 
and formal professor ; while occasionally he ap- 
pointed and conducted social meetings for prayer 
in the neighborhood. These meetings were thought 
to have been of essential service to many. 

Thus wherever he was found, whether within the 
college walls, in the family, or in the house of God, 
a habitual devotion to the glory of his Divine 
Master was manifest. All were struck with the 
uniformity of his character. His actions at all 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 55 

times were rather the result of a solemn conviction 
of accountability to God, than of mere impulses 
of feeling. This was indicated by intercourse with 
those around him, and in all his correspondence 
by letter. In a communication addressed to his 
brother in 1809, he adverts to a habit of mind 
which we may judge was happily exhibited by 
himself. 

"This," he remarks, "is a hurrying world, and 
those who would fulfil the part properly belong- 
ing to them, must be active. No moment passes 
but has its appropriate duty. More, however, is not 
required than there is a sufficiency of time for per- 
forming ; hence, though diligence unremitting dih- 
gence, and vigorous activity are very proper and 
our indispensable duty, yet there is a kind of enga- 
gedness, and a hurry which are incompatible with 
that calmness and composure of mind, which 
religion, and reason unitedly inculcate. All hurry, 
indeed, which is incompatible with that gracious 
serenity of soul, which results from a proper atten- 
tion to the divine government in all things, is evi- 
dently foolish and criminal. 'Be still, and know that 
I am God,' should keep creatures in a gracious 
tranquillity of mind. 

This desirable frame is equally distant from neg- 
ligent, unheeding inactivity, and that unpleasant 
hurry, disconcertion, and fluttering eagerness which, 
though violently active, hardly knows what to do 
next. Undoubtedly, we are most inclined to err on 



56 MEMOIRS OF 

the side of sloth and unconcern ; the opposite ex- 
treme, however should be avoided. The instances 
indeed are not unfrequent, in which there is a zeal 
which is not according to know^ledge. But in most 
of these cases, I apprehend, there is not, strictly 
speaking, too much zeal, or engagedness, but the 
fault is, misapplication, wrong direction, owing to 
mistaken views, or what is worse and too often the 
case, to a corrupt disposition. This remark I con- 
ceive admits of a general application. Worldly- 
minded persons, whose most anxious concern seems 
to be to gather riches, do not, perhaps, generally 
take too good care of their worldly interest ; but 
they do this from wrong motives ; it has too much 
of their hearts. And so of other cases which might 
be mentioned." 

It has been intimated that the violent hostility of 
Mr. Rice's father, was one of the circumstances 
which contributed to his entrance into the ministry. 
He had now for some time been absent from the 
home of his childhood, yet early and fondly che- 
rished attachment to his parents w^as not effaced 
from his heart. He loved them as ardently as ever. 
While at college, he ascertained that his parents 
were about to leave Northborough, being com- 
pelled to make sale of the estate which had long 
been in possession of the family. This was to him 
a source of deep affliction. In reply to the letter 
which announced the fact, he thus remarks : 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 57 

Williams College^ June 7, 1S09. 

Dear Brother: — Inscrutable are the ways of 
Providence. Several years since, I formed a pur- 
pose to come into possession of that inheritance 
which father has now sold, and to take care of our 
parents in their declining years. To fulfil this 
office of filial duty, appeared to me on several 
accounts desirable. To have undertaken it, would 
have been perfectly congenial with my feelings. I 
felt, and still feel grieved to see parents neglected, 
as they are, I fear, in too many cases, by those 
children who have the care of them. There is not, 
I apprehend, generally manifested by children in 
such situations, that tenderness, affection, and kind- 
ness, in regard to their declining parents, which 
there ought to be. Perhaps it betrays great self- 
ignorance, to intimate the probabihty that I should 
do better in this situation than those who have had 
the experience of it. And perhaps, my past con- 
duct is not the best comment upon such an intima- 
tion. I do, however, honestly (unless I greatly 
deceive myself) express what have been, and, 
indeed, what still are my feelings upon this subject. 
I even made a tune to these hnes of Pope, which I 
used to sing at my solitary labors — 



(C 



Me let the tender office long engage, 
To rock the cradle of declining age ; 
Explore the thought, explain the asking eye. 
And keep awhile, a parent from the sky." 



6 



CHAPTER IV. 

INCREASED DESIRE FOR THE PROMOTION OF THE 

GOSPEL ZEAL IN THE MISSION CAUSE VIEWS ON 

FRENCH INFIDELITY LETTERS ON EXPERIMENTAL 

AND PRACTICAL RELIGION LICENSED TO PREACH 

ENTERS ANDOVER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY SEVERE 

APPLICATION TO STUDY STUDIES FRENCH AND 

SYRIAC EDUCATION COMPLETED. 

While at college, Mr. Rice was the subject of 
deep concern for the miserable condition of those 
who were without the gospel. The desires he 
cherished for the salvation of sinners before he left 
his father^s house, inspired him, even then, with the 
purpose of doing all he could to extend the know- 
ledge of a Saviour's love throughout the earth. 
This purpose w^as strengthened and matured within 
the walls of the institution, and before he closed his 
Studies, he was ready at the bidding of his master, 
himself, to go to any part of the Pagan w^orld. 

The letter w^hich follow^s, gives pleasing testi- 
mony of the zealous interest he felt in the mission 
cause. At that time no efforts had been made by 
the American churches to propagate the gospel in 
foreign lands. The object for which he proposed 
to collect funds, was the moral and spiritual im- 
provement of the Indians of our country. The 
communication is addressed to his brother. 



MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 59 

March ISth, 1811. 

Dear Brother: — I send you the enclosed con- 
stitution and address of the Massachusetts Mission- 
ary Society. My hope is that you will sign it, and 
use your endeavors to induce others to sign it also. 
Your becoming a member will be more serviceable 
than merely giving a donation yearly, equal to what 
the tax of membership would be. This will increase 
the substantial and corporate strength of the society, 
and this again wuU add to its weight and respecta- 
bility of character ; and this again will be likely to 
secure a further increase of members, and greater 
extent of influence. Did I deem it needful, I should 
apprehend it a duty to press this matter, as I could 
entertain no suspicion of giving offence in so doing. 
But can it be necessary ? Can I do otherwise than 
conclude that you are as ready to use your influ- 
ence to promote the missionary cause as I. am to 
propose it ? It is not necessary for me to urge this 
subject. The command to ^^preach the gospel to 
every creature," is still obligatory, and obligatory 
on the christian world in general. But certainly it 
does not become us to be supinely inactive. ** What 
do ve more than others," still follows us. Nor can 
we compare our languor and negligence with the 
vigor and systematic zeal of the enemies of Zion, 
without blushing in view of the comparison. Must 
the children of this world always, and in every 
respect almost, be wiser in their generation than 
the children of light ? 



60 MEMOIRS OF 

"But what shall be done? If there was some 
individual of respectable character in each town, 
who would take upon him to plead in behalf of 
Zion, and to solicit on her behalf, it is past a doubt 
with me, that much might be done. Such an indi- 
vidual might induce men to become members of 
some missionary society, and should take upon him 
the responsibility of collecting and remitting to the 
treasury the subscriptions of such members. He 
should also be at the trouble of procuring Magazines 
or other religious publications, for such as he might 
induce to take them. And he should also solicit 
contributions for the missionarv fund. Such con- 
duct would not probably be without considerable 
effect. Nor Avould the people be injured, though 
some of their property might thus be parted with ; 
perhaps in some instances, it would in a sense be 
extorted from them. Nay, they would be benefitted: 
for *'he that giveth to the poorjlendeth to the Lord, 
and he will repay it.'' 

"People are none the poorer for giving liberally 
to benevolent purposes. The liberal soul deviseth 
liberal things, and by liberal things shall he stand. 
He that soweth sparingly, shall reap also sparingly, 
and so far as my observation and information on 
this subject extend, the more people are addicted 
to giving in such ways, the more ready they are to 
give more and more. Were such a measure exten- 
sively and systematically adopted, no doubt the 
effect would be great, and highly beneficial ; and it 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 61 

might be adopted, were it not for the lamejitable 
coldness and supineness of christians. But though 
at present there is no hope that such a measure may 
become general, yet something may be done by 
individuals* And is not duty in the case extremely 
plain '( I have here indicated as you may perceive, 
my dear brother, with freedom, though but briefly, 
and superficially, the course which I wish, greatly 
wish you to pursue. Having done this, I leave the 
rest to your discernment, benevolence, piety, and 
conscience." 

In connection with the thoughts expressed above, 
it may not be improper to introduce some sugges- 
tions in regard to a sentiment then beginning to 
prevail very extensively in the United States. The 
philosophy of the French school at one time threat- 
ened serious mischief to our institutions, and to our 
national honour, as well as to the individual happi- 
ness of our countrymen; the reader therefore, cannot 
fail to commend the judicious observations made 
by the subject of this memoir. On this topic, he 
manifests much judgment and foresight. A manly 
indignation was excited, that these senseless and 
lascivious doctrines should, for a nioment, find cur- 
rency among our citizens, and especially with any 
of acknowledged intellect and influence. As a 
christian philosopher, he discovered not only the 
folly of the scheme, but its desolating moral tenden- 
cies ; and though comparatively young, he feared 
6* 



02 MEMOIRS OF 

not to lift his warning voice and sound an alarm. 
In a letter written in 1811, he remarks — 

**I have lately been reading 'Smith on the Pro- 
phecies/ I think he has improved upon Mr. Faber 
considerably. I am sure you will be pleased with 
it. And should you purchase a volume, which you 
may do in Boston, perhaps you would never regret 
it. The second chapter I think, must operate favo- 
rably ill a political point of view. If pious people 
will look at the evidence which is there exhibited 
of the progress of French atheism in our country 
it must fill their minds with painful, alarming appi'e- 
hensions. Nor can I easily persuade myself that 
they will ; I see not, indeed, how they can continue 
attached to a government so much evidently under 
the influence of Bonaparte — of French atheism ! 
Taking human nature as it is, we can pretty readily 
account for it, that delusion has made such awful 
jDrogress in our country, and that even some pious 
men should be led on, hoodwinked with the multi- 
tude. Such were the cruelties of the British in the 
war, and such at that time, the kindness of the 
French, that a hatred of the English, and love of 
the French was fixed in their minds. 

''Through their baleful influence, they view every 
thing still in regard to each nation with prejudice. 
This, with other very powerful causes, fastens and 
perpetuates their miserable delusions. The only 
antidote to this fatal poison, is correct information. 
Could the real substantial evidence of undisguised 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 63 

fact, penetrate the fatal tissue which has so long 
entwined and shrouded their understandings, their 
cure w^ould be effected. Let pious people know 
what the English, for a course of years, have been 
doing in the cause of religion and humanity, the 
exertions of their missionary societies to extend the 
blessings of the gospel to the heathen nations, and 
they will be much softened in their feelings to- 
wards the English ; their prejudice and hatred will 
insensibly lose their grasp. 

"Let them at the same time have a view of the 
horrid operations of atheism in France ; the exten- 
sive plans for the absolute destruction of Christianity ; 
the hellish ingenuity and success with which their 
secret machinations are conducted; know that the 
French government is essentially atheistic in prin- 
ciple, that it has atheistic clubs completely subser- 
vient to its views; that there are many secret socie- 
ties of atheists in the United States; that their 
destructive plans, though unseen, are ripening for 
execution; that retired from general observation, 
they are forging chains, with which, with invisible 
hands, they intend to bind the world. Let them 
open their eyes upon this monster ; surely the 
appalling view must shock their very souls." 

Two or three extracts of letters will now De 
inserted, expressive of his sentiments on subjects 
connected with experimental and practical religion. 
They evince growth in grace and in the knowledge 
of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Having 



64 MEMOIRS OF 

referred to the declensions to which professing 
christians are subject, he proceeds: '^Oh! for an 
all conquering faith — to enliven desire — to chase 
away stupidity, and to give efficacy to prayer. 
But what should we do when we feel stupid and 
cold? Should we sit still, complaining? Let us 
labour to enter into that rest, lest any of us fall after 
the example of unbelief. Let us not sit still com- 
plaining that we are so cold that we cannot work ; 
but let us arouse, shake off our fetters, and set about 
our labour, doing with our might whatsoever our 
hands find to do* And ye, beloved, build your- 
selves upon your most holy faith, praying in the 
Holy Ghost, keep yourselves in the love of God, 
looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ 
unto eternal life, 

"I believe with Newton that there is a scriptural 
distinction between grace and comfort^ He ob- 
serves, that to maintain a hatred of sin, and to hold 
on in the path of duty, when we have but little 
comfort, may be a more certain evidence of grace, 
than many things we Biay either do or avoid when 
the frame of our spirits is more happy. Baxter 
would have christians spend more thought about 
their duty than their comforts. Be careful to study 
and practise duty, and leave it with God what mea- 
sure of comfort to bestow. And instead of anxious- 
ly doubting whether they have any grace at all, 
spend their time in getting more grace. Upon this 
principle, it seems that doubts are sinful, being 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 65 

increased because encouraged. We must resist 
the devil in order to make him flee from us/' On 
another occasion, he thus writes : 

J^ovember 7th, ISll. 

"Dear Aunt : — I have but a moment to write, 
yet cannot refrain from sending a few lines, as 
an opportunity presents of conveying them imme- 
diately. I regret that I could spend no longer time 
with you when I was at your house. Should I ever 
have the pleasure of calling again, I hope to be able 
to tarry longer. But whether we are allowed to 
meet a'gain on earth or not, may w^e be prepared to 
meet in heaven; if w^e may have hope of this, sure- 
ly it is of little consequence about the things of this 
present evil world ; rather let me say, if w^e may 
have grace to submit unreservedly to the will of 
our heavenly father, to be always really engaged 
in his dehghtful service, we m.ay say with good old 
Jacob, *It is enough.' 

"Little do w^e know what is before us in life. It 
is an eventful day in which we live. The plan of 
God is rolHng on. Its results w^ill be glorious, be 
aw^ful. Saints will be purified, and received to 
everlasting blessedness ; sinners will perish in total 
despair ! And yet how unconcerned are most peo- 
ple, respecting these tremendous affairs. Many 
indeed, are zealous for God, engaged in dissemi- 
nating the truth as it is in Jesus. But alas, many 
more are zealous, it is to be feared, in propagating 
delusion. There are many deceivers, and many 



66 MEMOIRS OF 

deceived ; the old serpent is playing his mischiev- 
ous game of treachery and falsehood, with but too 
fatal success in our miserable world. The more 
my acquaintance with mankind is extended, the 
more my impressions of the total and desperate 
depravity of the heart are deepened ; the more my 
fears that many who make pretensions to religion, 
are deceiving themselves. Satan transforms him- 
self into an angel of light ; his ministers, into minis- 
ters of righteousness ; counterfeited appearances are 
taken for real grace ; the love of self, for the love 
of God. 

^*I do greatly fear that the love of many is found- 
ed in selfishness. They love God or Christ, be- 
cause they think he intends to save them. But 
surely, if an apprehension that we are likely to be 
saved, is the reason of our loving God, it is easy to 
detect the entire selfishness of such love. Christ 
hhnself has furnished the test, by saying, ^sinners 
love those that love them.' But whoever is de- 
ceived, whoever fails of the grace of life, still the 
foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, 
the Lord knoweth them that are his. God will 
glorify himself, either in our salvation or condemna- 
tion. But let us present our whole selves ^a living 
sacrifice unto him, that we may be vessels of mercy 
prepared unto glory.' Blessed are all they that put 
their trust in him." 

Mr. Rice was licensed to preach by the Moun- 
tain Association, Berkshire county, Massachusetts. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 67 

A period was now reached, to which, for several 
years, he had been looking forward with feelings 
of intense interest. To preach the glorious gospel 
of the blessed God, was, in his estimation, an em- 
ployment of incomparable importance, and to go 
forth in this work with the approbation of his breth- 
ren, constituted the chief desire of his heart. It 
had been, however, determined by him before he 
engaged wholly in the ministry, to spend some time 
at the Andover Theological Seminary, which had 
just then gone into operation. With the concur- 
rence and recommendation of the President of the 
College, he joined the class at Andover, in the mid- 
dle of his last collegiate year. By this arrange- 
ment, a year was gained between the two institu- 
tions ; so that those who graduated a year before 
him at the college, were in the same class with him 
at the Theological School. It was necessary, how- 
ever, that he should sustain an examination in the 
whole course of studies, the same as if the usual 
time had been occupied. This was true, both in 
regard to the college, and to the Theological insti- 
tution. 

Such an arrangement demanded the severest 
application to study, in the midst of which, there 
was reason to apprehend the prostration of his phy- 
sical powers. During the winter of 1810-11, he 
suffered much with pain in the chest, and genei^al 
languor. His studies, however, were not intermit- 
ted. "I do hope," he says in a letter written about 



68 MEMOIRS OF 

that time, "that as the spring opens, nny health will 
be confirmed, that I may pursue with increasing 
ardor and delight, studies, of whose importance my 
mind is constantly occupied with an increasing con- 
viction." Such was the conception entertained of 
the magnitude of that office, in which he was to 
engage for life, that he could not be willing to pass 
through the necessary training, without giving him- 
self entirely to its influence. Although he had long 
panted to become a herald of the glad tidings, yet 
the vai'ied knowledge of men and things, and espe- 
cially of the sacred oracles necessary to commend 
the truth to every man's conscience, he determined 
to obtain. With small attainments, he was not 
satisfied, and therefore, the most rigid economy 
was practised, while his powers of mind were tasked 
to the utmost. "I cannot," he remarks to his bro- 
ther, "easily bring my mind to harbor the idea of 
intermitting my studies, so long as I am any way 
able to prosecute them. So far from suffering any 
abatement, even when health from day to day de- 
clines, my eagerness for acquisition increases. In- 
stead of diminishing, I am constrained to enlarge in 
the objects of attention. 

"Lately, I have begun the study of the French 
language, and also of the Syriac. Do you ask, 
wherefore ? With respect to the French, not to 
mention the frequent quotations of it, and the many 
valuable books in it, which I may wish to read, 
possibly, and indeed, not very improbably. I may, 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 69 

some time, be in a situation to need this language 
for actual communication, with those who speak it. 
With respect to the Syriac, it is important as a 
source of biblical criticism ; the more so, since the 
manuscripts have come to light, which Dr. Bucha- 
nan has discovered in the East, written in that 
lanojuao^e. 

"In addition to every other inducement which 
impels the anxious desire to grasp an extensive 
fund of erudition, the painful consciousness of the 
very scanty pittance which I have as yet obtained, 
forms one of no inconsiderable weight. When I 
survey the acquisitions which some have made ; 
and those too, who seem to have been actuated by 
no better principle than such as may be found in 
the unsanctified heart, I am at once inflamed with 
an ardour, which is almost overwhelming, to make 
advances in science." 

Having sustained a good examination at the close 
of the term in September, 1811, he received a regu- 
lar dismission from the Seminary, with a view to 
the entire devotion of his Hfe to the ministry, and, 
as we shall hereafter perceive, especially to the 
work of missions. 

It ought to be stated, that during the prosecution 
of his regular academical studies, he usually devo- 
ted his vacations to teaching schools, by which, he 
not only obtained a portion of the means necessary 
to complete his education, but also became more 
thorough in the branches he taught. 
7 



CHAPTER V. 

ORIGIN OF MODERN MISSIONS IN ENGLAND AND AME- 
RICA EARLY FEELINGS OF MR. RICE ON THIS SUB- 
JECT SOCIETY OF INQUIRY ON THE SUBJECT OF 

MISSIONS FORMED AT WILLIAMS COLLEGE TERMS 

OF ADMISSION FIELDS OF LABOUR CONTEMPLATED 

SOCIETY ORIGINATED AT ANDOVER SEMINARY MR. 

JUDSON's FEELINGS AND DETERMINATIONS IN REFE- 
RENCE TO MISSIONS RESOLUTIONS OF SEVERAL TO 

GO TO SOME FOREIGN FIELD MEMORIAL TO GENE- 
RAL ASSOCIATION AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMIS- 
SIONERS FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS FORMED IMPEDI- 
MENTS TO MR. rice's DEVOTION TO MISSIONARY 
LABOUR these DIFFICULTIES REMOVED ORDINA- 
TION SAIL FOR INDIA ARRIVAL AT CALCUTTA 

SICKNESS OTHER TRIALS. 

That magnificent results, both in the natural and 
moral world, are often to be traced to apparently 
unimportant circumstances, is a trite remark. Its 
very triteness, however, proves it to be true. It is 
usually the fact that God works in this way. In 
the unfoldings of his will, he does not so much sur- 
prise by the direct, sudden exertion of his omnipo- 
tence ; but operates through second causes, and by 
a gradual process ; yet, in such a manner as ulti- 
mately to call forth the homage of grateful adora- 
tion. It is seen that while he condescends to em- 
ploy human instrumentality, he is not dependent 
upon it, because he chooses the weak things of the 



MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 71 

world, and things that are not in the accomplish- 
ment of his purposes. 

In this respect, it is pleasing to review the history 
of modern missionary operations in both hemi- 
spheres. 

That mighty influence which British christians 
are now exerting on many portions of the Pagan 
world, had its origin in the little band, of which 
Carey was the master spirit. When he came from 
his retirement, and with this motto inscribed upon 
his banner, *^expect great things, attempt great 
things ;" there was commenced a system of oflfen- 
sive war against the strong-holds of superstition 
and moral darkness, which is to result in their en- 
tire overthrow. If we look back on the history of 
this benevolent work among the American churches, 
the eye beholds a similarly gratifying spectacle. A 
few young men at college were accustomed to 
meet in secret, to converse on the condition of the 
heathen world, to devise methods of sending out 
the gospel, and especially, to invoke the direction of 
the God of missions. 

From that praying circle, emanated most of those 
grand enterprises in this country, which are filling 
the earth with gladness, and extending the empire 
of the Son of God. 

Of that little circle, the subject of this memoir 
constituted a prominent member. Some difference 
of opinion has existed, respecting priority of claim 
to the honour of originating the project of an Ame- 



72 MEMOIRS OF 

rican mission to the East. In the discussion of thisr 
subject in various periodicals, there has been al- 
lowed an undue excitement of feeling. Of vital 
importance, it certainly cannot be, even should the 
claim in favor of any one be established. It is pro- 
bable, that He who inspired the bosoms of these 
young men with the holy impulse to bear the news 
of salvation to distant lands, began in them the 
work contemporaneously, Or, if in his infallible 
w^isdom, he selected any one as the projector, it 
may be left among the hidden things, to be revealed 
in that world where envyings and unholy emula- 
tions are unknown. In alluding to the earliest feel- 
ings of interest on this subject, with Mr. Rice, a 
strict adherence to facts will be maintained, accord- 
ing to the data furnished by his letters and other 
sources. 

A communication from him will here be inserted, 
in which he recommends to the attention of a friend 
the subject of missions, and endeavors to enlist his 
sympathies in behalf of pagan lands. It is in reply 
to inquiries respecting the best method of doing 
good in the cause of Christ. The magazine re- 
ferred to, was a periodical which was principally 
devoted to missions in our own country. He thus 
remarks : — 

^^In giving you my thoughts upon the subjects 
which you have proposed, I will suggest a way in 
which it appears to me you may render some im- 
portant and acceptable service to your blessed 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 73 

Saviour ; leaving it however, to yourself to deter- 
mine, in the exercise of a prayerful temper, what 
your duty is in your particular circumstances. 

"I have, for some time, viewed the missionary 
interest as being inexpressibly important. Infinite- 
ly important, because the salvation of many immor- 
tal souls seems to be suspended upon it. There 
seems to be no other way in which the gospel can, 
according to the present constitution of Divine Pro- 
vidence, be conveyed to the numberless millions of 
poor perishing heathen, but by missionary labors. 
I do not mean by this remark, to limit the holy one 
of Israel. None will doubt that God can convert 
the heathen nations by an immediate exertion of 
his Almighty power, without using means or instru- 
ments. With infinite ease can Almightiness effect 
whatever infinite wisdom and goodness dictate to 
be done. But is this the way in which Deity has 
determined to spread the gospel of his glorious 
grace ? What has been his manner of operation 
heretofore? Very evidently has he worked by 
means and instruments. 

"When a faithful and zealous missionary was 
needed, to "preach among the Gentiles the un- 
searchable riches of Christ ;" by an astonishing dis- 
play of sovereign grace, he converted the zealously 
persecuting Saul, and sent him upon this important 
business. And, if in those days, there were need of 
missionaries, or, in other words, evangeKsts, to go 
forth among the heathen preaching to them the 
7* 



74 MEMOIRS OF 

gospel of peace, which bringeth salvation, it is not 
less necessary and important for missionaries to be 
sent among them now in order to their conversion 
and salvation. 

"This seems also to be fully evident from the 
holy Scriptures. The great apostle, and as I may 
so say, missionary of the Gentiles, reasons thus : 
"How then shall they call on him in whom they 
have not believed? And how shall they believe in 
him of whom they have not heard ? And how shall 
they hear without a preacher ? And how shall they 
preach except they be sent ?" Is not this reason- 
ing applicable to the case we are considering? 
Does it not fully establish the propriety and vast 
importance of missionary labors ? And does it not 
follow as a necessary and unavoidable consequence, 
that it is the duty, the indispensable duty of chris- 
tians, to use their most vigorous exertions to en- 
courage and promote missionary interests? Let 
them, therefore, awake from their slumbering and 
sloth. Let them be all alive in the cause of the 
blessed Immanuel. Let them feel a tender solici- 
tude for the salvation of their fellow sinners. And 
let those who dare to speak against the missionary 
interests beware, lest they be found to arraign the 
providence of God, to make objections directly in 
face of his holy word ; or, "lest haply they be found 
to fight even against the eternal Jehovah.'^ 

You desire, my friend, to do something for your 
Redeemer. Agreeably to my promise to suggest a 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 75 

way whereby you may accomplish, in some mea- 
sure, what you desire, let me ask, can you not by 
some means, afford assistance to some missionary 
society. You are acquainted with the Massachu- 
setts Missionary Magazine. You are sensible that 
an extended circulation of this publication, would 
considerably aid the benevolent design of the society. 
Is it not in your power to do something for the so- 
ciety by using your influence to enlarge the circu- 
lation of this magazine ? I am not fully acquainted 
with your circumstances, but I conjecture they are 
such, that you may be useful in this way. I am 
satisfied for myself, that the magazine might be 
much more extensively circulated were there suita- 
ble exertions made use of for this purpose ; and it 
appears to me, an object of sufficient magnitude to 
claim the attention, not only of each member of 
the society, but of every individual in the christian 
public who feels interested in the success of the 
gospel. 

"I cannot but wish that there were one or more 
persons in every town, who would use their exer- 
tions in this, or if they could discover some better 
way to assist the missionary cause, and thus do 
something towards spreading the glorious gospel of 
the grace of God. I have known the exertions of 
a single individual avail, to gain more than a dozen 
subscribers, in a town, where probably, thei^ would 
not otherwise, have been a single one taken. How 
much then might probably be done in this way, and 



76 MEMOIRS OF 

in various other ways, to promote religion, if chris- 
tians were not criminally wanting in exertion? 
Nay, my friend, who can say how much good you 
yourself may effect, by the blessing of God, upon 
your prudent, persevering, and vigorous endeavors? 
No labor can be lost that is done with a sincere 
view to glorify God, and enlarge the boundaries of 
his holy kingdom. 

"Be careful to act always from a sense of duty, 
and from a conviction that you are under the imme-. 
diate inspection of the great God who will shortly 
summon you before his awful tribunal, upon which 
solemn occasion, every work must be brought into 
judgment with every secret thing, whether good or 
bad. Be penitent and humble, and wait upon God 
in fervent prayer, and he will grant you that wis- 
dom which is profitable to direct. May God of 
his infinite mercy shed abroad his light and love in 
our hearts, and teach us to know and do his holy 
will." 

Before his entrance inta college, he was the sub- 
ject of deep solicitude for the salvation of the hea- 
then, frequently referring in his conversation, to 
their miserable state. It is not certain that any 
distinct impressions of personal obligation to labor 
among the heathen were entertained, until he com- 
menced his collegiate studies in 1807. That very 
soon after this, such impressions were indulged, is 
clear, from statements made by his brother, then 
his most intimate correspondent, and from his own 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 77 

declaration, frequently made in after life. Said he, 
a little subsequently to his entrance into college, ^'I 
have deliberately made up my mind to preach the 
gospel to the heathen," and added, "I do not know 
but it may be in Asia." At this time, Samuel J. 
Mills, James Richards, and or two others of kin- 
dred spirit, were members of the institution, and 
with them a free interchange of thought and feeling 
on this subject, was indulged in, producing a regard^ 
mutual, tender and lasting. 

These young men as before hinted, frequently 
met to consult on this interesting topic. The fol- 
lowing questions were brought distinctly before 
their minds. Whether it was not a solemn duty 
of those who have light, to transmit it to those who 
have it not ? And if so, whether it was not obliga- 
tory on some individual disciples to be the bearers 
of this light ? Deciding this in the affirmative, it was 
still farther inquired, upon whom does the obliga- 
tion rest ? These inquiries led them to the delibe- 
rate conclusion, that under the divine direction and 
with the divine blessing, they would give themselves 
to labor for Christ in heathen lands. They saw, 
indeed, no immediate prospect of effecting their 
designs. The particular field to which they might 
go, and the method of operation, were to them alike 
unknown ; yet, pledging themselves to God, and to 
one another in this holy compact, they entertained 
no doubt, that he who had thus far led them, would 
guide into the path of usefulness. 



78 MEMOIRS OF 

More effectually to carry out their designs, these 
young naen formed themselves into a "Society of 
Inquiry on the subject of Missions," allowing no 
one to be connected with the association who was 
not understood to be pledged to the support of this 
enterprise. Each member was expected to give 
himself to the work, by bearing in person the word 
of life to pagan lands. All their sessions were held 
in secret. No one, not even their nearest friends, 
were apprised of the existence of the Society. In 
their meetings, which were regularly convened, 
they introduced for consideration, the various por- 
tions of the globe which were supposed to be most 
accessible, contemplating their peculiar moral con- 
dition, their manners and customs, with whatever 
might constitute peculiar obstacles in the way of 
successful effort. These too, were seasons of spe- 
cial prayer. Together^ they drew near to God. 
Their desires for more of the spirit of Christ, and 
for divine guidance were unitedly presented, while 
they encouraged and stimulated each other in the 
holy race they had begun. They also kept up a 
personal intercourse with such in the college, and 
corresponded with such at a distance, as might be 
supposed to sympathize with them in these feelings 
of entire consecration to the cause of Christ. When- 
ever an individual was found ready to employ his 
life among the heathen, he was admitted into the 
Society. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 79 

The fields of missionary labor chiefly contempla- 
ted by this association, were those portions of our 
country occupied by the Indians, Greenland, the 
islands of the Pacific, the West Indies, and some- 
times, the regions of the East, with the north of 
Europe. Nothing definite however, was deter- 
mined on for the first two or three years. In their 
convocations, Mr. Rice was an active member, 
and contributed not a little to increase the devotion 
and to strengthen the purposes of his brethren. In 
a letter written to his brother in the early part of 
1809, he thus refers to his own feelings on the 
question of consecrating himself to the work of 
missions. 

My Dear Brother: — Your letter of February 
23d, I received, and now thank you for it. Your 
remarks on the object I have in view, should God 
spare my life a few years, are perfectly coincident 
with my own reflections upon the subject. I feel 
vastly inadequate to the solemn undertaking ; but 
still cannot relinquish it. And I have this great 
consolation : God often chooses the weak things of 
this world to confound those w^hich are mighty. 
He always makes use of such instruments, as will 
most evidently manifest that the power is all of 
himself. He will certainly have all the glory. It 
appears to be duty for some to carry the knowledge 
of Christ to the benighted heathen. The gospel 
must, sooner or later, be preached to all nations. 
The heathen are the inheritance of our blessed Sa- 



■fa 



80 MEMOIRS OF 

viour ; of this inheritance he will surely take pos- 
session. In bringing to pass this glorious event, he 
undoubtedly uses men as instruments to bear his pre- 
cious name to benighted tribes. In this blessed 
work I hope one day to be engaged. To separate 
entirely (as probably will be the case) from all my 
earthly relations, will, indeed, be painful. But of 
how much weight can this be, when balanced 
against the destruction of immortal souls ? For 
this separation, I wish you would endeavor to pre- 
pare our mother, by suggesting occasionally, such 
considerations as the subject naturally furnishes. 
Her feelings will, no doubt, be strongly against my 
going to the heathen, and her feelings in the case, I 
cannot, I ought not, wholly to disregard/' 

In another letter w-ritten in the latter part of the 
same year, he expresses similar feelings, and the 
"hope that a sovereign God intends to send him 
forth into some part of the heathen world." 

It is a remarkable coincidence, and furnishes 
satisfactory evidence of a special influence from 
above, that about this time, feelings of a similar 
character were indulged by two or three young 
men, then pursuing a course of theological study 
Andover. Nor does it appear that they had re- 
ceived any intelligence of the state of things at Wil- 
liams College. The first individual at Andover 
who became the subject of this influence, was Ado- 
niram Judson. In his earliest impressions, he found 
no sympathy among the members of the institution ; 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 81 

those who were afterw^ards his companions in this 
holy enterprise, had not then joined the theological 
class. They entered shortly after, and having 
mutually divulged their feelings, and receiving soon 
an accession of one or two from Williams Col- 
lege, they formed a branch '^Society of Inquiry," 
w^hich, like the other, was for some time kept from 
the knowledge of all who were not members. 

It will doubtless be gratifying to the reader, to 
receive a particular reference to some of these facts, 
as they have been furnished from the pen of Mr. 
Judson himself. They are contained in a letter 
addressed to Mr. Rice, in reply to some inquiries 
which had been made on the subject. The follow- 
ing is an extract : 

**My Dear Brother Rice : — You ask me to give 
you some account of my first missionary impres- 
sions, and then of my early associates. Mine w'ere 
occasioned by reading Buchanan's Star in the East, 
in the year 1809, at the Andover Theological Se- 
minary. Though I do not now consider that ser- 
mon as peculiarly excellent, it produced a very 
powerful effect on my mind. For some days, I 
was unable to attend to the studies of my class, and 
spent my time in wondering at my past stupidity, 
depicting the most romantic scenes in missionary 
life, and roving about the college rooms, declaiming 
on the subject of missions. My views were very 
incorrect, and my feelings extravagant ; but yet I 
have always felt thankful to God for bringing me 



82 MEMOIRS OF 

into a state of excitement, ^vhich was, perhaps^ 
necessary in the first instance, to enable me to 
break the strong attachments I felt to home and 
country; and to endure the thought of abandoning 
all my wonted pursuits, and animating prospects. 
That excitement soon passed away, but it left a 
strong desire to prosecute my inquiries, and to 
ascertain the path of duty. 

"It w^as during a solitary walk in the woods, be- 
hind the college, while meditating and praying on 
the subject, and feeling half inclined to give it up, 
that the command of Christ, *Go into all the world 
and preach the gospel to every creature,' was pre- 
sented to my mind with such clearness and power, 
that I came to a full decision, and though great dif- 
ficulties appeared in my way, resolved to obey the 
command at all events. But at that period, no pro- 
vision had been made in America, for a foreign 
mission, and for several months after reading 
Buchanan, I found none among the students who 
viewed the subject as I did, and no minister in the 
place or neighborhood, who gave me any encou- 
ragement ; and I thought I should be under the 
necessity of going to England, and placing myself 
under foreign patronage. 

'*My earliest missionary associate was Nott, 
who, though he had recently entered the seminary, 
(in the early part of 1810,) was a member of the 
same class with myself. He had considered the 
subject for several months, but had not fully made 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 83 

up his mind. About the same time, Mills, Richards, 
and others joined the seminary from WilUams CoL 
lesce, where thev had for some time, been in the 
habit of meeting for prayer, and conversation on 
the subject of missions ; but they entered the junior 
class, and had several years of theological study 
before them. You were of the same standing, but 
from some engagement (a school I believe) did not 
arrive so soon, though you ultimately finished your 
course before the others, and joined the first party 
that embarked. Newell was the next accession 
from my own class. 

"As to Hall, he was preaching at Woodbury, 
Conn. I heard that he once thought fav^orably 
of missions, and wrote him a short letter. He had 
just received a call to settle in that place, and was 
deliberating whether it was his duty to accept it or 
not, when the letter was put into his hand. He 
instantly came to a decision, and the next rising 
sun saw him on the way to Andover. I think that 
he arrived about the time of the meeting of the 
General Association of Ministers, at Bradford, in 
the summer of 1810. I do not, however, recollect 
him present at that meeting, nor was his name 
attached to the paper which was presented to the 
association, and which was originally signed by 
Nott, Newell, Mills, Rice, Richards, and myself; 
though, at the suggestion of Dr. Spring, your name 
and Richards', which happened to stand last, were 



84 . MEMOIRS OF 

struck off, for fear of alarming the association with 
too large a number. 

"I have ever thought that the providence of God 
was conspicuously manifested in bringing us all 
together from different and distant parts. Some of 
us had been considering the subject of missions for 
a long time, and some but recently. Some, and 
indeed, the greater part, had thought chiefly of 
domestic missions, and efforts among the neighbor- 
ing tribes of Indians, without contemplating aban- 
donment of country, and devotement for life. The 
reading and reflection of others, had led them in a 
different way; and when we all met at the same 
seminary, and came to a mutual understanding on 
the ground oi foreign missions and missions for life y 
the subject assumed in our minds, such an over- 
whelming importance and awful solemnity, as bound 
us to one another, and to our purpose more firmly 
than ever. How evident it is, that the spirit of God 
had been operating in different places and upon dif- 
ferent individuals, preparing the way for those 
movements which have since pervaded the Ameri- 
can churches, and will continue to increase, until 
the kingdoms of this world become the kingdoms 
of our Lord and of his anointed.'* 

Referring to this eventful period in a letter to a 
friend, Mr. Rice observes: "After the Society of 
Inquiry at Andover, was well established, the views 
of the brethren were turned very much towards 
the East. Judson was the first, as far as I know. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 85 

who mentioned Burmah. He had read Buchanan's 
**Star in the East," his "Christian Researches in 
Asia," and '^Captain Simon's Embassy to Ava." 
He insisted that the East afforded much the widest 
and most promising field for missionary exertions, 
and that the path of duty led in that direction. 
Six months after Mills and Richards joined the 
Theological Institution at Andover, it occurred to 
me (always pushing forward) that by leaving half 
a year behind at college, and joining half a year in 
adv^ance at Andover, I could save a year between 
the two ; and yet, by diligent application, accom- 
plish the studies, so as to sustain the requisite 
examinations with my class-mates in both institu- 
tions, which, with the concurrence of the president, 
and his recommendation, was carried into effect, 
and I became connected with those at Andover, 
Vv^ho were a year before me at Williams College. 
Here, I became acquainted with Judson ; but chiefly 
in the meetings of the secret society, as he was but 
little at Andover after I entered that seminary. 

"In June, 1810, Gordon Hall, who had been 
preaching for some time, and who had been invited 
to become the pastor of a church in Connecticut, 
came to Andover to consult with the professors, 
whether he ought not to hold himself devoted to 
missionary labor among the heathen. (O ! how I 
love to trace important results to minute incidents.) 
It happened to be but a day or two before the meet- 
ing of the General Association of all the evangelical 
8* 



■aiBs 



QS MEMOIRS OF 

part of the ministers of Massacliusetts, at Bradford, 
where the parents of Ann Haseltine Hved, ten miles 
from the Institution, in Andoven 

The coming, and object of the coming of Hall^ 
so enlivened the missionary sentiments and feelings^, 
particularly in the bosoms of the members of the 
Society, that Judson immediately wrote the memo- 
rial which vou see in the memoirs of Mrs. Judson, 
addressed to that body of ministers, which was sub- 
scribed in the first instance, Adonii*am Judson, Jr. 
Samuel Nott, Jr. Samuel J. Mills, Samuel Newell', 
James Richards, Luther Rice. The last two names 
were subsequently taken off from a fear that the 
appearance of so many under such impressions of 
mind, when nothing had been previously known of 
this matter, not even by the professors, whose pupils 
thus suddenly burst forth in an attitude so peculiar^ 
should create something of the nature of alarm, as 
if some kind of fanaticism had seized the minds, all 
at once of the younf? ministers. 

"The association appointed a committee, to whom 
the memorial was referred, and who reported favor- 
ably; in consequence, nine commissioners were 
appointed by the same body, five of Massachusetts, 
and four of Connecticut, who met in Connecticut in 
September of the same year, and formed the con- 
stitution of the American Board of Commissioners 
for Foreign Missions. This body, which thus ema- 
nated from that little secret society of youth, formed 
at WilUams College, in 1807, (of which I esteem, it 



REV. LUTHER RICE, 87 

the happiest point in all my life to have been one of 
the original members,) now embraces the entire 
Congregational and Presbyterian denomination, and 
employs from a hundred and fifty thousand to two 
hundred thousand dollars annually, in their mission- 
ary exertions. From this, arose the Baptist Gene- 
ral Convention, formed in 1814; and since, more 
or less distinctly out of the same range of evangeli- 
cal influence, the American Bible Society, the Ame- 
rican Tract Society, the Baptist General Tract 
Society, the Columbian College, the Newton Theo- 
logical Institution, and I know not how many other 
things of more or less importance. Glory be to God ! 
attempt great things — expect great things." 

The above extract brings the reader to an im- 
portant crisis in the history of Mr. Rice. While 
none can fail to perceive the leadings of an all-wise 
providence in these events ; it is interesting to note 
the prevailing sentiments which animated his bo- 
som, and impelled him forw^ard in the almost untried 
path he had begun to tread. It was not the spirit 
of mere worldly adventure, nor the impetuosity of 
deluded, blinded fanaticism; the former did not 
actuate him, for wordly interests were about to be 
surrendered; and too much soberness of calcula- 
tion had been indulged to allow the latter. 

The great principle by which he was moved, 
derived its existence from heaven, and was first 
exemplified in the character of Christ, who, "though 
he was rich for our sakes, became poor, that we 



88 MEMOIRS OF 

through his poverty, might be rich." It was the 
principle of disinterested philanthropy. He saw 
the world in ruins. His divine master had pro- 
posed a plan of recovery, and commanded that this 
plan should be promulged to the ends of the earth. 
A deliberate conviction of duty, gave birth to the 
purpose he had formed, and stimulated him to the 
fulfilment of his vows. He could not be thrown 
back by any impediments which carnal ease or 
worldly policy might throw in his way. Believing 
that the project was practicable, and indeed, that it 
was divinely originated, and would be divinely sus- 
tained, he cast all fear behind, and pursued his way. 
It was not material with him either, whether suc- 
cess at once crowned the effort. **The issues of 
patient and persevering industry," he remarked to 
his brother, "have been, in countless instances, 
truly astonishing. What object almost may not be 
accomplished, if pursued with a zeal which is de- 
termined upon success, and which, never for a 
moment, harbors the idea of abandoning its aim. 
The enemies of the cross are diligent and able in 
devising schemes, and indefatigable in their efforts 
to subvert the foundation of our hopes beyond the 
grave. Their adroitness, perseverance and energy 
are indeed, almost incredible. Nothing but the 
badness of their cause, and the omnipotence of 
the power against whom their hostility is directed, 
could deprive them of victory, and insure their 
final defeat and ruin ; must the children of this 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 89 

world always, and in every respect almost, be 
wiser than the children of light." 

But to return to the narrative. Mr. Rice was 
not appointed at the same time with Judson and his 
companions. When Mr. Judson returned from 
England, having been sent thither to confer with 
the London Missionary Society, by the American 
Board of Commissioners, it w^as determined by the 
last named body, to send out, under their special 
patronage, the four young men whose names were 
signed to the petition. There were for a time, 
impediments in the way of Mr. Rice, which were 
likely to hinder him from joining his brethren in the 
work of preaching Christ to the heathen. One 
source of embarrassment to his own mind, con- 
sisted in a strong attachment, mutually indulged, 
between himself and a young lady of piety, and of 
highly respectable connections, and whose mind, 
long oscillated respecting her duty to leave this 
country. While he was^ deeply solicitous to en- 
gage in missionary labor, he felt ahke unwilling to 
violate the sacred pledges which had been given 
to the object of his affections, and reluctant, even 
with her consent, to yield to a separation. For a 
time, he hoped she might be willing to share with 
him in the perils and privileges of the mission ; but 
at length, a distinct negative was given to the ques- 
tion, releasing him from all engagements with her, 
provided he should determine to go. After many 



WM 



90 MEMOIRS OF 

painful thoughts on the subject, he resolved to take 
up the cross and deny hinnself. 

He thus expresses his feelings on the subject 
immediately after Mr. Judson's return from Eng- 
land : 

^^Brother Judson has returned from Europe and 
filled our hearts at Andover with gladness. He was 
detained in France about three months, and finally 
obtained a passport for England. He arrived in 
London the day before the anniversary of the Lon- 
don Missionary Society ; was very cordially re- 
ceived there, and after a stay of six weeks in that 
country, returned to America. He will embrace 
the first opportunity of a passage to India. The 
London Society have engaged to support four mis- 
sionaries, if they please to go out from this country 
under their direction. Perhaps two only of the 
brethren will go at first, if an opportunity shall 
occur soon, under the direction of the London So- 
ciety ; and two or three others by the next oppor- 
tunity, under the patronage of the American Board 
of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. 

"The field for missionary labor in the East, is 
great ; the call for p^issionaries, pressing, and the 
prospect of success, hopeful and animating to a 
very high degree. If I know my own feelings, 
dear brother, I wish was already in that country. 
However, what maybe allotted forme in the deter- 
mination of providence, I know not. At present^ 



ilET^. LUTHER RICE. 91 

my calculations, convictions, and feelings, point 
decisively towards missionary ground.'' 

Writing to his brother about this time, he says : 
"During some parts of the year past, I have consi- 
derably hesitated upon this subject. Not for a mo- 
ment, hov/ever, have I felt that it was not my duty 
to go on a mission. Various considerations have 
operated to induce hesitation and indecision ; and 
frequently, the conflict in my breast has been ex- 
ceedingly distressing. My missionary brethren have 
always conversed as if I W' as going with them ; and 
I have rarely been able to hold for a moment, an 
opposite language. At times, duty has seemed to 
be clearj and I have felt devoted to this cause. 
Those seasons have been always happy ones. For 
some time past, my mind has been more than usu- 
ally exercised upon this subject. The question, 
why shall I not go to the heathen? I have not 
been able to dispose of. But I hope the season of 
hesitation, of doubt and perplexity, is now past.^' 

Relieved from the agitation and suspense created 
by the circumstances just referred to, another se- 
rious obstacle to the accomplishment of his wishes^ 
presented itself in the limited resources of the Board 
to sustain him as their missionary. In the mean- 
time, arrangements w^ere making for the departure 
of his brethren to India. He could no longer smother 
the holy fire which was burning in his bosom, and 
although the probabilities were all unfavorable, he 
resolved to make a desperate effort, by appealing 



92 MEMOIRS OF 

to the sympathies of the Board, and offering himself 
as their missionary. 

Speaking of the meeting at which he and his fel- 
low-laborers were appointed, Mr. Judson remarks : 
^'Brother Rice accompanied me to that meeting, and 
w^as perfectly ready to offer himself to the Board, 
but we thought it unadvisable, as he had expected to 
remain another year in the seminary His feelings, 
however, became warmer and stronger in the course 
of a few months, so that he took his dismission from 
the seminary, which the regulations then allowed, 
and a short time previous to our embarkation, peti- 
tioned the presidential committee for leave to join 
us. They gave him leave, on condition that he 
would occasion them no additional expense, but 
provide for his own outfit, and raise the money for 
his passage. With this hard condition, he cheer- 
fully complied, and immediately started on horse- 
back, and travelled day and night, though in the 
depth of winter, to raise the needful sum, and then 
hastened to Philadelphia to join the party which 
sailed from that port." 

This statement is in conformity with the relation 
as given by Mr. Rice himself, wTitten in a letter to 
a friend. He says : "This matter was adjusted 
only eleven days previously to the day of ordina- 
tion. The presidential committee were not autho- 
rized to appoint or accept a missionary ; and it 
was owing, therefore, entirely to an intenseness of 
feeling which could neither be restrained bv mvself, 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 93 

nor resisted by the committee, that I was enabled 
to force my way through the almost insuperable 
difficulties of the case, so as to go to India at that 
time. I had to provide, by begging, the funds for 
my outfit, passage, &c. and all this in the space of 
nine days; for two of the eleven passed, before I 
learned that the day for ordination had been fixed 
upon. Three more were consumed in agonizing 
and successful, successful only, because agonizing 
efforts with the presidential committee, leaving only 
six days to provide the necessary funds. By the 
signal aid of Providence this was effected. 

The ordination of Mr. Rice and his associates 
took place at the Tabernacle Church, Salem, Mass. 
on the 6th of February, 1812. This was a scene 
never to be forgotten by those w^ho witnessed it. 
Its results will be felt in the well-being of distant 
tribes, and of remotest generations. Mr. Rice 
speaks of it in his journal, as being to him, an occa- 
sion most solemn and interesting, although he was 
worn down wdth fatigue and agitation of mind. 
Immediately after the ordination, he gave the part- 
ing hand to his brother Asaph, and the next day, 
was engaged in making preparations for his depar- 
ture to Philadelphia, from which place the vessel 
was to sail for the East. In tearing away from 
the many dear friends, he represents himself as 
feeling most keenly, especially on account of the 
anguish of spirit exhibited by them; so that he 
9 



94 MEMOIRS OF 

could adopt the language of the apostle : "What 
mean ye to weep and to break my heart/' &c. 

On the 14th of the month, he reached Philadel- 
phia, and in company with Messrs. Hall and Nott, 
was engaged until the 18th, in making preparations 
for the voyage ; especially in visiting ministers, and 
other benevolent individuals, and attending meet- 
ings for the purpose of awakening an interest on 
behalf of the mission cause. He refers in his diary, 
to a prayer meeting, of which public notice had 
been given, and which was very numerously at- 
tended by ministers of different denominations, and 
members of the various churches. The mission 
was most devoutly committed to the gracious care 
of the great head of the church, and a collection 
taken. He says : "The attention paid to the mis- 
sion by the Philadelphians, and the deep interest 
they appeared to take in its success, excite emo- 
tions which language cannot well express. The 
most of the succeeding night I spent in writing 
letters." 

He thus writes to his brother : — 

Philadelphia, February 15, 1812. 

"Dear Brother : — When I parted with you in 
Salem, I expected to sail from that place. It was 
determined that evening that I should come here, 
and that Mr. Newell should go in the Caravan, 
from Salem. This arrangement was made for the 
sake of Mrs. Judson ; as she must otherwise have 
gone this long voyage without any female com- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 95 

panion. I passed through Northborough on Satur- 
day, but being in the stage was not able to call on 
my friends. After much fatigue, 1 reached this 
place yesterday. I expect to go board the ship 
Harmony next Tuesday, for India. With pleasure 
I leave America, in the hope of carrying the gos- 
pel to those who are perishing for lack of vision. 
Whether I shall ever visit my native country again, 
is uncertain. The probability is, that I shall not. 
This is not material. Of very little consequence 
it must be where we are on earth, if we are pre- 
pared for a better world. Dear brother, let us keep 
heaven much in view." 

They left Philadelphia on the 18th, in a packet, 
as the 'Harmony,' in which they were to sail to 
India, had previously dropped down to Newcastle. 
Many were assembled to witness their departure. 
The next day, they went on board the ship, but the 
wind not proving favorable, they did not sail until 
Monday, the 24th of the month, at which time they 
bade adieu to the land of christian privileges, and 
bore away towards the regions of idolatry, to oc- 
cupy which, had long been an object of ardent 
desire and supplication. The missionary family 
consisted of Messrs. Johns, and wife ; Lawson, wife 
and child ; with Miss Chaffin, and their nurse, who 
had been sent out by the English Baptist Mission- 
ary Society, and Messrs. Hall, Nott, and Rice, of 
the American Board. Messrs. Judson and Newell, 



96 MEMOIRS OF 

with their wives, sailed from Salem on the 19th of 
the same month. 

Nothing materially interesting occurred during 
the voyage. On the 8th of June, they arrived at 
the Isle of France, and remained there about twenty 
days. From interviews frequently had with Mr. 
Thompson, an Enghsh chaplain at that place, and 
the representations made by him, they were some- 
times almost ready to decline the idea of a location 
in India, but felt it their duty to proceed on their 
voyage, and examine for themselves all the bear- 
ings of the question, by a personal observation of 
the difficulties in their way. On the 10th of August, 
they reached Calcutta, and having gone ashore, had 
the pleasure of meeting Mr. Judson, who, with the 
other missionaries on board the Caravan, had ar^ 
rived about the middle of June. During the voyage 
from the Isle of France, the health of Mr. Rice 
was seriously affected ; at the time of his arrival, 
he had become quite reduced and feeble. 

While in Calcutta, the mission band were sub- 
jected to painful perplexities, arising from the stern 
opposition of the East India Company, and of the 
government, to the occupancy of any station within 
their jurisdiction. They had not long been there, 
when a peremptory order was issued for their return 
to this country, and afterwards, for their passage 
to England in the British fleet. But this order was 
evaded by the determination to take passage, as 
eai'ly as practicable, for the Isle of France, with 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 97 

the hope of ascertaining from that point, some invi- 
ting field of labor which they might usefully occupy. 
In the meantime, Mr. Rice had been brought to 
the borders of the grave, by a painful and lingering 
disease of the liver. This sickness, in conjunction 
with the uncertainty of his future destination as a 
missionary of the cross, proved a severe trial to his 
faith. But he was not forsaken by his heavenly 
friend. Despondency was never indulged, not even 
in the darkest hour. He felt a perfect satisfaction 
in leaving all events under the control of infinite 
wisdom and love ; beheving that he was in the path 
of duty, and that all things would work together for 
good to him, and to the cause which he had espoused. 
*^What may be before me," he remarks, in a letter 
written to his brother about this period, "through 
what scenes of difl[iculty and distress I may pass, or 
w^here I may find a fixed residence, should this be 
the case, I know not, nor am I anxious to know. 
To endeavor to extend the knowledge of Christ 
among the heathen, is undoubtedly right. It is the 
the Lord's, not mine to determine whether such 
endeavors shall be successful. To him would I 
cheerfully commit myself, my brethren., and the 
missionary cause." 



9* 



CHAPTER VI. 

CHANGE OF SENTIMENT PREVIOUS CONTROVERSY ON 

THE SUBJECT OF BAPTISM MR. AND MRS. JUDSON 

BAPTISED LETTER ON THIS SUBJECT LETTER TO 

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS BAPTISM OPPOSITION 

DEFENCE OF MOTIVES AND CONDUCT ALLUSION TO 

THIS SUBJECT BY MR. JUDSON SEPARATION FROM 

THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS LETTER TO BROTHER. 

We shall now refer to a circumstance, which, 
whether considered in itself, or in all its bearings, 
must be contemplated with peculiar interest. While 
in Calcutta, a change of sentiment took place in the 
mind of Mr. Rice on the subject of baptism. His 
earliest scruples in reference to infant sprinkling, 
occurred at Williams College, when the merits of 
the question were fully discussed between a Baptist 
friend and himself, in a series of written communi- 
cations. His Baptist brother was a man of excel- 
lent sense, but far inferior to him in the advantages 
of education. Notwithstanding this, Mr. Rice has 
frequently acknowledged, that during the whole 
controversy, he felt himself utterly disqualified to 
refute the arguments of his opponent, and could 
not but be astonished that it should be so: as he 
had never before suspected the untenableness of his 
sentiments on this point. While he found himself 
unequal to the task of freeing the subject from em- 



MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 99 

barrassments, his opinions were not changed. He 
determined to dismiss the matter, as one of the non- 
essentials of religion ; supposing, that if he erred, he 
was associated in error with many learned and 
excellent men of various denominations. Had he 
then pursued his inquiries, none can doubt the result 
to which he would have been brouo-ht. 

From these circumstances, a valuable lesson may 
be acquired. Those who adhere to the exclusive 
propriety of belie vers' immersion have nothing to fear 
from discussion. Whether we invite a plain, illite- 
rate reader of the received version of the New Tes- 
tament, to examine those passages which refer to 
baptism, and to place on them that construction 
which is most simple and natural ; or, whether we 
unite with the most learned and skilful critics in 
ascertaining the mind of the spirit in the original 
Greek, we are alike gainers by the agitation of this 
subject. While, therefore, an unkind, illiberal spirit 
towards those who differ in sentiment, ought to be 
avoided, every Baptist should embrace favorable 
opportunities of inviting attention to this imperative 
and important command of Jesus Christ. There 
are thousands of excellent Pedo Baptists, who would 
at once comply with the will of their master in this 
particular, if their attention were arrested, and the 
spirit of honest investigation indulged. 

It has been stated, that two English Baptist mis- 
sionaries, Messrs. Johns and Lawson, were fellow 
passengers with him in his voyage to India. In his 



100 MEMOIRS OF 

journal, reference is made to a conversation with 
them on the subject of baptism, and to the fact, that 
he was employed in its investigation. There is, 
however, the clearest evidence, that he remained 
unconvinced on his arrival at Calcutta. Very soon 
after, he ascertained from Mr. Judson, that during 
his passage, his mind had been perplexed and un- 
happy, from the apprehension that he was yet living 
in disobedience of his master, in failing to be buried 
with him in baptism. On the first Lord's day in 
September, 1812, he and his wife were baptised by 
Dr. Carey. On the 17th of the same month, he 
preached his baptismal discourse, which was after- 
wards published. Respecting this, Mr. Rice re- 
marks in his journal : "Attended chapel service in 
the forenoon ; brother Judson^s text was Matthew, 
28, xix : ^Go ye therefore, and teach all nations,' 
&c. His object was to show, what is baptism, and 
to whom it is to be administered. I have some 
feeling and difficulty on this subject, which I find 
myself reluctant to disclose to my brethren ; may 
the Lord himself, lead me in his own right way." 
On the 11th of October, he states in his diary, 
that he entered into a free conversation with Messrs. 
Hall and Nott, on the subject of baptism, and stated 
to them frankly, the state of his own mind, and that 
some time was spent in special prayer for the 
divine direction. About this time, he makes frequent 
allusion to the subject, being almost constantly en- 
gaged in reading the New Testament, in prayer, 



REV- LUTHER RICE. 101 

and in the examination of all the works to which 
he could have access, embracing too, every oppor- 
tunity of conferring freely with his Pedo Baptist, and 
Baptist brethren. On the 12th of October, 1812, 
he thus writes to his brother Asaph : 

"I have just mentioned that brother Judson has 
become a Baptist. As I have here with him con- 
siderable means for the purpose, I am endeavoring 
to investigate thoroughly, the subject of the sacred 
ordinance of baptism. What may be the result of 
these inquiries, I am not able, at present, to say ; 
but from the progress already made, I conceive it 
to be possible, that a revolution in my own mind, 
similar to that which my dear brother and sister 
have experienced, may take place. Should this be 
the case, I shall, in all probability, go with them to 
Java. It would be peculiarly pleasing to me, to be 
associated with them in the mission; but my affec- 
tion for them can by no means determine me to 
become a Baptist, without the conviction that Bap- 
tists are in the right ; nor can I on the other hand, 
be deterred from conscientiously examining the 
subject, nor from following what really appears to 
be the truth ; notwithstanding any unpleasant con- 
siderations attending such a change of sentiment in 
my situation. And it is a principle with me, that 
truth can be no loser by the most rigorous exami- 
nation, provided that examination be conducted in 
the fear of God, with a sincere desire to know the 
truth, and a disposition to do his wilL May the Lord 



102 MEMOIRS OF 

himself lead me in the way in which he would h^ve 
me to go." 

After much patient and laborious investigation, 
he, at length, yielded to the conviction of duty, and 
resolved to apply for baptism. In a letter to the 
Board of Commissioners, he thus apprises them of 
his change of sentiment. "The solemn and impor- 
tant ordinance of christian baptism, has presented 
itself to my mind in such an attitude, that I could 
not conveniently refrain from examining it. With 
very considerable means at command, I endeavored, 
I trust, with prayerfulness, and in the fear of God, 
and with no small impression of delicacy and high 
responsibility of my situation, to give it a careful 
and very serious examination. But it is with pecu- 
liar emotions, that I proceed to inform you, that in 
the result, I am compelled to relinquish a view of 
the sacred ordinance which I have formerly appre- 
hended to be highly important. I am now satisfac- 
torily convinced, that those only who give credible 
evidence of piety, are proper subjects, and that 
immersion is the proper mode of baptism." 

He thus alludes to his baptism. "November 1st, 
1812, was this day baptised into the name of the 
Holy Trinity. The Lord grant that I may ever 
find his name to be a strong tower, to which I may 
continually resort and find safety." This event, in 
connection with the baptism of Mr. and Mrs. Jud- 
son, excited strong disapprobation on the part of 
those by whom they had been sent forth. The 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 103 

Board of Commissioners, in their annual report for 
1813, express regret that their missionaries *'had 
not examined the subject before they were in a situ- 
ation peculiarly exposing them, as the case might 
be, to mistake impulses for arguments ; and an act, 
in which there would be a show of wisdom, in will, 
worship and humility, for an indispensable effort of 
christian self-denial." The implication contained in 
this extract, is as unjust as it is unkind. The whole 
history of these transactions shows, that if ever men 
were driven to an indispensable effort of christian 
self-denial, unbiassed by any fears or partialities, 
except in reference to their divine Master, those 
men were Judson and Rice. 

So far from being influenced by the EngHsh Bap- 
tist missionaries, to whom they had access after 
their arrival in India, the whole subject had under- 
gone an investigation by Mr. Judson, during the 
passage ; and shortly after he reached Calcutta, he 
was prepared to go forward in the path of obe- 
dience. The following sentences, contained in the 
preface to his India edition of the Sermon on Bap- 
tism, exhibit this fact. "The author of the follow- 
ing discourse, was, by education and profession, a 
Pedo Baptist. During his passage from America 
to India, in the spring of 1812, he began to doubt 
the truth of his former sentiments. After his ar- 
rival, and before he communicated the exercises 
of his mind to any of the Baptist denomination, he 
became convinced that the immersion of a profes- 



104 MEMOIRS OF 

sing believer into the name of the Father, and of 
the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, is the only chris- 
tian baptism." 

In a letter addressed to the third church in Ply- 
mouth, Mass., with which he had been connected, 
he thus refers to the subject: "You will readily 
believe me, when I say, that on leaving my coun- 
try, I little imagined that I should ever have be- 
come a Baptist. I had not, indeed, candidly exa- 
mined the subject of baptism, but I had strong pre- 
judices against the sect, that is every where spoken 
against. 

^^It was on board the vessel, in prospect of my 
future life among the heathen, that I was led to 
investigate this important subject. I was going 
forth to proclaim the glad news of salvation through 
Jesus Christ. I hoped that my ministrations would 
be blessed to the conversion of souls. In that case, 
I felt that I should have no hesitation concerning 
my duty to the converts, it being plainly commanded 
in Scripture, that such are to be baptised, and re- 
ceived into church fellowship. But how, thought 
I, am I to treat the unconverted children and do- 
mestics of the converts ? Are they to be considered 
members of the church of Christ, by virtue of the 
conversion of the head of their family, or not ? If 
they are, ought I not to treat them as such ? After 
they are baptised, can I consistently set them aside 
as aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, until 
they are re-admitted? If they are not to be con- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 105 

sidered members of the church, can I consistently 
administer to them the initiating ordinance of the 
church?" 

With respect to the change which was expe- 
rienced by Mr. Rice, no doubt can be indulged, that 
it was preceded by the same prayerful and pro- 
tracted investigation. The struggle between the 
convictions of truth and prejudice, was severe and 
desperate. He found himself exceedingly reluctant 
to break the denominational ties which bound him 
to so many of those, in whose piety, he had the 
fullest confidence, and to unite himself with a peo- 
ple to which had been comparatively a stranger. 
He knew too, that in the event of a change, he 
should, with many, subject his character to re- 
proach, and no longer be recognized as the autho- 
rized missionary of the Board. While all the 
means of support would thus be cut off, he was 
entirely uncertain as to the measure of countenance 
which would be given to missionary operations by the 
Baptists. There was no earthly motive in favor of 
the change; every selfish consideration was against 
it. Under these circumstances, we might expect 
him to ponder well his steps, and to proceed no 
farther than the most solemn convictions of duty 
should require. During the progress of these inves- 
tigations, he appeared as the advocate of infant 
baptism ; whenever he conversed with Baptists, not 
allowing them to know the scruples which had 
10 



106 MEMOIRS OF 

taken possession of his mind, until a short time 
previous to his requesting baptism. 

The following extract from the pen of Mr. Jud- 
son, will be read with interest, as it throws addi- 
tional light on this part of the biography. "Mr. 
Rice arrived in Calcutta about six weeks after 
those of us who sailed from Salem. At that time, 
I was deeply involved in the subject of baptism, 
which I had begun to investigate on board ship, 
and I soon learned, that some of the passengers 
from Philadelphia, were in a similar position, and 
that Mr. Rice had rather distinguished himself, by 
reading every thing within his reach, and mani- 
festing uncommon obstinacy in defending the old 
system. 

*^Soon after my baptism, he came to live with me, 
in order to enjoy better accommodations than he 
found elsewhere. At first, he was disposed to give 
me fierce battle ; but I held off, and recommended 
him to betake himself to the Bible and prayer. He 
did so, and lived much by himself, so that I seldom 
saw him, except at meals. But his inquiries, when 
we met, soon assumed that cool and solemn air, 
which left me no doubt, as to what would be the 
result of his investigation. His mind remained 
undecided throughout the month of September; so 
that, though perhaps, he expected to become a 
Baptist, he signed the joint letter of the brethren, 
which you allude to, as a thing of course ; though that 
letter mentions my change of sentiment, as a *try- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 107 

mg event,' and states the inexpediency of our labor- 
ing in the same missionary field. In the month of 
October, his mind became fully decided, and he was 
baptised on the first of November. In all this, I 
discover not the slightest inconsistency, though per- 
sons at a distance, and not acquainted with the cir- 
cumstances, might make the desired discovery. 

"Both Mr. Rice and myself, have been accused 
of changing our sentiments suddenly, prematurely, 
and, of course, through the influence of interested 
motives. The truth is, that a Pedobaptist examin- 
ing the subject of baptism, though about convinced 
of the truth, is reluctant to communicate the real 
state of his mind, even to his nearest friends, lest he 
should finally re-settle in his old sentiments, and be 
ashamed to have it known that he ever had a 
serious doubt on the subject. The consequence is, 
that w^hen he can hold out no longer, and the unex- 
pected fact is thrust, perhaps unceremoniously into 
the faces of his friends, they all stand aghast, and 
are ready to ascribe his change to any other than 
an honest influence." 

In a letter to his parents, dated November 2d, 
Mr. Rice, says : "Whatever may be the conse- 
quence of this change, as it respects the Board of 
Commissioners, and my numerous christian friends 
in America, I cannot say, nor am I very anxious 
about it, though by no means indifferent to public 
opinion, or insensible to the dehcacy and serious 
responsibility of my situation i but let consequences 



108 MEMOIRS OF 

be what they may, I hope nothing shall deprive me 
of the consolation, resulting from a conscience void 
of offence. Yesterday, I was baptised by the Rev. 
Mr. Ward, and enjoyed the privilege of uniting 
with the Baptist church in Calcutta, in celebrating 
the sacred ordinance of the Lord's Supper. It was 
a comfortable day to my soul!" 

In a subsequent communication, addressed to his 
brother, he thus gives vent to his feehngs on this 
subject. ''Little did I think, dear brother, when 
conversing with you respecting Mr. G., that I 
should so soon belong to the same denomination 
with him ; a denomination, which I had thought, 
in no small degree, reprehensible for party feeling, 
and sectarian conduct. I now believe, that these 
things are not more justly chargeable to the Bap- 
tists, than other denominations of professed chris- 
tians. It has, indeed, been no small trial to me to 
change my sentiments, in a situation so conspicu- 
ous and delicate, and so highly responsible ; though 
I now conceive it to be a distinguished favor of 
Divine Providence." 

These extracts furnish unequivocal evidence, 
that the subject of this memoir, was compelled to 
unite with the Baptists, by the stern demands of 
duty. He knew not, as he remarked, what would 
be the consequence, but he was willing to trust in 
the Lord, and do good, believing, that necessary 
guidance and support w^ould be bestowed. Too 
many instances are found among the professed fol- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 109 

lowers of Christ, in which worldly policy or con- 
venience, is allowed to control their minds, prevent- 
ing, if not the performance of known duty, the 
investigation of its claims. A distinction is made 
between essentials and non-essentials, and if the 
former be complied with, it is considered quite par- 
donable to dispense with the latter. This spirit of 
compromise, is far from being consistent with the 
devotion which should be cherished by a soul, 
bought with the precious blood of Christ. It is the 
result of a selfishness, w^hich would say, I am will- 
ing to do what is essential to secure heavenly bliss ; 
rather than inquire, how shall I best please and 
honor him, w^ho died for me and rose again ? All 
must perceive, that the latter question, is that which 
should constantly press upon the conscience and 
interest the heart of one who justly contemplates 
his responsibilities to an infinitely gracious Re- 
deemer. It may not be amiss here, to insert a let- 
ter addressed to the Board of Commissioners, in 
which, he makes a formal resignation, as their 
missionary. It was written just before his return 
to this country. 

"To the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions : 

"Venerable and Beloved : — Since the impor- 
tant moment which placed me under the protection 
and control of your venerated patronage, a change 
of sentiment, in relation to the sacred rite of bap- 
tism, having put it out of my power to render obe- 
10* 



110 MEMOIRS OF 

dience to a particular article of your very valuable 
instructions, I deem it my duty, and beg leave to 
make the following communication relative to this 
change. 

^'During my passage to India, in the ship Har- 
mony, some authorities were brought to my notice 
respecting the signification of the word baptiso ; 
particularly, some remarks from the pen of Dr. 
Campbell, which had not before, met my observa- 
tion, w^ere of a nature, that induced me to suspect 
sprinkling not to be a proper mode of baptising ; 
at least, not so proper a mode as immersion. A 
wish also existed in my mind, to possess more clear 
and decisive proof in favor of baptising infants, than 
I found myself able, readily, to produce ; and though 
I had previously considered the subject at large, 
with attention, I felt something like a necessity, of 
refreshing my mind with its evidences, and deter- 
mined to give it a careful reconsideration as cir- 
cumstances should be favorable to the purpose. 
The attention, however, which I actually bestowed 
upon it, pursuant to this determination, previously 
to landing in India, neither destroyed my suspicions 
respecting the propriety of sprinkHng, as a mode of 
baptism, nor gave that entire satisfaction, or rather, 
that ready command of decisive proof, in favor of 
infants, as proper subjects of the rite, which I so 
much wished to possess, and had determined, if 
possible, to obtain. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. Ill 

"On reaching Calcutta, I was surprised, and 
sorry to learn, that brother Judson, as I imme- 
diately apprehended, from his conversation, and 
as proved true, in fact, was nearly prepared to 
declare himself a Baptist ; and though this of itself, 
could neither augment nor diminish the difficulty, 
w4iich was forming in my own mind, yet it con- 
tributed perhaps, to make that difficulty more dis- 
tinctly and painfully perceptible to myself, and to 
strengthen the purpose of bestowing upon the sub- 
ject, a serious reconsideration, as soon as circum- 
stances should allow. But as my health had been 
considerably reduced during the latter part of my 
voyage, and was kept low and precarious by re- 
peated attacks of illness, in Bengal; and as the 
concerns of the mission demanded all the attention 
which a state of threatening debility would permit 
me to exert, it was unavoidable to postpone this 
purpose for a while, though the subject began to 
create some degree of uneasiness in my mind. It 
was indeed, my desire to fix upon the place for the 
missionary station, as soon as practicable, and to 
proceed to that station without delay ; and an early 
decision upon this point, by your missionaries, which> 
however, was afterwards recalled, and the unpromi- 
sing state of my health, had determined me to re- 
turn to the Isle of France, very soon after arriving 
in Bengal, and efforts were made to obtain a pas- 
sage, but without success. 



112 MEMOIRS OF 

"At length, having been hindered from leaving 
Bengal, things assumed such an aspect, as exhibited 
little probability of being able to get away for a 
considerable time longer; and about the same time, 
my physician, in a measure, restricted me from 
adventuring abroad, though, undergoing meanv^hile, 
a process of sahvation, I felt comfortably well day 
after day, and w^eek after week. In this situation, 
no longer greatly occupied with other concerns, it 
appeared to be a duty equally clear and important, 
to take up the consideration of baptism, with very 
great seriousness and deliberation, and to endeavor 
to become fully persuaded, in my own mind, both 
respecting the proper subjects, and the proper mode 
of the sacred ordinance ; and the result was a con- 
viction, that those persons only, who appear to be 
pious, are proper subjects ; and that im.mersion is 
the only proper mode of christian baptism. 

"Soon after becoming thus satisfied, in relation 
to this important matter, and much sooner than I 
could have v^ished to be reduced to the necessity 
of acting upon a conviction, then so recent, and in 
a situation highly delicate and responsible, an op- 
portunity offered, of transmitting letters to the 
United States, and I wrote to the Rev. Secretary 
of the Board, Dr. Worcester, reluctantly acquaint- 
ing him with my change of sentiments respecting 
baptism, and that it was judged expedient for me 
to be associated in a mission w^ith Brother Judson, 
rather than wdth the other missionaries. By the 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 113 

same conveyance, I also wrote to the Rev. Dr. 
Baldwin, informing him of my change of sentiment, 
and expressing a hope of being patronized in mis- 
sionary labors, ultimately, by the Baptist churches 
of America. 

*^ After returning to the Isle of France, brother 
Judson and myself, having determined upon at- 
tempting to effectuate a mission among the Malays, 
while waiting for a passage to Penang, the place 
judged by us most proper for the missionary station, 
unexpectedly, an opportunity presented, of writing 
to the United States, by the way of Brazil ; and I 
united, with brother Judson, in a letter to the Rev. 
Dr. Worcester, and also in one to the Rev. Dr. 
Baldwin ; but finallv, after much hesitation, and as 
much deliberation as the shortness of the time 
would allow, conceived it my duty to avail myself 
of the same opportunity, and to revisit the United 
States. 

"From Bahia, during the detention of a few 
weeks there, for want of a passage, I wrote again 
to the Rev. Dr. Worcester, but expecting to arrive 
in the United States early enough to appear before 
the venerable Board of Commissioners, at their 
annual meeting, the present month, refrained from 
any mention of my change of sentiments. At 
the same time, I wrote also to the Rev. Dr. Bald- 
win, stating my situation, and an apprehension that 
my engagements under your highly respected pa- 
tronage, would be so adjusted after my arrival in 



114 MEMOIRS OF 

the United States, as to leave me at liberty to en- 
gage in missionary labors, under the patronage of 
the Baptist churches, should they be disposed to 
afford it. 

"The object of these communications to the Rev. 
Dr. Baldw^in, as, v^ith very great deference to my 
revered patrons, I persuade myself, they will readily 
believe, w^as simply to contribute towards enlisting 
the Baptist churches of America, in the important 
cause of missions to the heathen, and to secure to 
myself that aid, without which, it would become 
impracticable for me to prosecute the design to which 
my life has been solemnly consecrated ; taking it 
for granted, at the same time, that it would not be 
the wish of the venerated Board of Commissioners 
to continue to patronize a missionary, whose re- 
ligious tenets could not allow him to baptise infants. 

"Reduced thus, to a situation in which it is una- 
voidable for me to endure the very painful affliction 
of disappointing the pious hopes of those to whom 
I am under obligations of the most sacred nature, 
and whom to please, as well as to enjoy whose 
approbation, is dear to my heart, I entreat the pri- 
vilege with submission, to throw myself at your 
feet, and to solicit a discharge from your service. 
And as the motives of this solicitation are conceived 
to be sufficiently apparent in the statement already 
made, I cannot suffer myself farther to trespass on 
your indulgence; but, with humility and consola- 
tion, resigning to your wisdom and charity, permit 



REV* LUTHER RICE. 115 

me, with sentiments of exalted consideration, and 
with fervent supplications to the Father of mercies, 
for the abundant success of your exertions in the 
missionary cause, to subscribe myself, 
Venerable and beloA^ed, 

Your missionary, 

Luther Rice." 

In referring to this topic, in letters to his brother, 
shortly after his return in this country, Mr. Rice 
makes the following observation : "To me, the 
subject appears so perfectly clear, that I am entirely 
at a loss to attempt making it, in any measure, 
more so. When in Calcutta, I felt it my duty to 
endeavor to ascertain and practise, simply what 
the Saviour required ; I soon discovered that it 
was proper to baptise such as made a credible pro- 
fession of repentance towards God, and faith in our 
Lord Jesus Christ, and that immersion is baptism, 
according to the Scriptures. In the days of the 
apostles, they that believed were baptised. This 
fact is expressly stated, and comports with the 
explicit command of the Saviour. 

**That immersion is baptism, appears evident to 
me, because the apostle says of the believers in his 
time, that they were buried by baptism. All the 
the efforts to do away the obvious, common sense 
meaning of this passage, appear to me, to be mere 
quibbles. Certainly, I should think him unacquaint- 
ed with language, who should speak of being buried 
by sprinkling. These things, with many others. 



116 MEMOIRS OF 

coinciding in the same view, came into my mind, 
and I could not, for my life, find any thing in tlie 
Bible of an opposite character. I dared not resist 
the light any longer, for I feared the Lord would 
not bless my labors, if I refused obedience to what 
was to my mind, so perfectly clear in the Bible." 
At another time, he remarks : ** Your affectionate 
and very acceptable letter of 8th January, I re- 
ceived in Richmond, about four weeks ago ; but I 
have not found leisure for the grateful oflice of 
answering it, till the present hour. It gives me 
pleasure, to hear of your prosperity and happiness, 
especially to hear of any thing which indicates that 
your soul is in health and prospers. As to the 
instances of persons baptised, which you mention, 
I have only to remark, that, if not renewed in the 
spirit of their minds by the Holy Ghost, their being 
immersed, cannot, as you are well aware, be of 
any essential benefit to themselves. Permit me 
farther to observe, that in cases where there is 
good evidence of piety, and when the persons 
entertain what I humblv conceive to be correct 
and scriptural views in relation to baptism, it gives 
me pleasure to see them walking, or to hear of their 
walking in this ordinance of the Lord, conformably 
to what I conscientiously believe, to have been its 
design and primitive observance ; because such (J 
speak of persons of unquestionable religion, and 
of enlightened charity) appear to me, without bigo- 
try or superstition, (both of which, are too often 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 117 

seen, in some degree, even in good people,) to enjoy 
*Hhe answer of a good conscience,*^ upon correct 
and scriptural grounds. 

This ordinance like that of the Holy Supper, 
and all the commands of Christ, contributes to 
their growth in grace, being found to be according 
to godliness. To yourself and to others who con- 
scientiously differ from me in opinion, on this point, 
I still say, "Let every man be fully persuaded in his 
own mind." There is one text however, which, 
if agreeable to you, I desire your thoughts upon in 
your next, it is this, "For as many of you as have 
been baptised into Christ, have put on Christ.'^ 
Gal. iii. 27. 



11 



CHAPTER VII. 

LETTERS WRITTEN TO BAPTISTS OF AMERICA OPPO- 
SITION OF ENGLISH AUTHORITIES ORDERED TO 

LEAVE INDIA PERPLEXING TRIALS^^SAILS FOR ISLE 

OF FRANCE CONTINUED SICKNESS DETERMINATION 

TO RETURN TO AMERICA REASONS SEPARATION 

FROM HIS ASSOCIATES DEPARTURE FOR UNITED 

STATES ARRIVAL AT ST. SALVADOR LEFT FOR 

NEW YORK DEATH OF A SAILOR FUNERAL RE- 
SULTS ARRIVAL IN NEW YORK — VISIT TO BOS- 
TON CONFERENCE WITH BOARD OF COMMISSION- 
ERS VIEWS OF THEIR CONDUCT CONSULTATION 

WITH BAPTISTS IN AND NEAR BOSTON' DENOMINA- 
TIONAL ACTION RECOMMENDED. 

The circumstances recorded in the last chapter, 
were exceedingly important in relation to Mr. 
Rice, as they gave a nev^ direction to his whole future 
history. As Mr. Judson and he, had virtually dis- 
solved their connection with the Board of Commis- 
sioners for Foreign Missions, it became a question 
of considerable interest whether thev would be sus- 
tained in their missionary labors by the American 
Baptist churches. This was to them entirely pro- 
blematical. Letters were addressed to prominent 
members of the denomination in this country, making 
inquiry on this subject. In the meantime, however, 
there were other circumstances of a painful nature 
which attended greatly to perplex and depress their 
minds. One of these trials consisted in the stern 
opposition of the English authorities at Calcutta. 



MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 119 

It seems that in the original charter of the East 
India Company, exclusive rights and privileges 
were conferred ; there having been at that time no 
expectation, that dominion in the East would become 
very extensive. So general were the powers of 
this Company, that all individuals might be prohibit- 
ed from a settlement in any part of their territories, 
without special permission from the directors at 
home. 

In the grant thus given, it was never intended to 
interdict the settlement of missionaries, or to pre- 
vent the diffusion of religious knowledge among the 
natives. Probably the idea of erecting the stan- 
dard of Christianity did not even enter into the minds 
of those who framed that instrument. It was sim- 
ply a commercial transaction. But in the monopoly 
of trade thus created, and the vast stores of wealth 
which resulted from the enterprise, there was origi- 
nated a grovelling, mercenary spirit, alike disgrace- 
ful in itself, and injurious in its consequences. An 
apprehension was indulged among those most inte- 
rested, that to introduce the gospel into India, would 
diminish the revenues of the Company, by exciting 
the superstitious Hindoo to oppose the government 
in defence of his religious system. Hence every 
obstacle was thrown in the way of missionary ope- 
rations. The early efforts of Carey and his asso- 
ciates were greatly impeded by this circumstance. 
The shocking venality manifest in the endeavours 
of the Company to encourage and perpetuate, by 



120 MEMOIRS OF 

legal enactments, some of the cruel superstitions 
of the natives, must forever remain a foul blot on 
their history. 

This was the influence which Mr. Rice and his 
coadjutors were compelled to meet on their arrival 
at Calcutta. They had not long been in that city, 
before a peremptory order was issued from the 
public authorities, requiring the master of the vessel 
to take the missionaries back to America, apprising 
him that a post clearance would not be allowed 
without a strict compliance with the mandate. 

This order was revoked, with the understanding 
that they were to take an early passage to the 
Isle of France, at which point they hoped to com- 
mence operations, provided they should still be 
opposed in their wishes to found a mission in the 
British East Indies. 

Some delay in obtaining a passage having oc- 
curred, and no particular manifestation of hostility 
being indicated, it was hoped they might yet remain 
in Bengal unmolested. But several ineffectual 
petitions to government for leave to visit Ceylon or 
Java, were made by Judson and Rice, and they at 
length found themselves under the necessity of 
preparing to leave for the Isle of France. About 
this time, they were summoned to appear before the 
police, and informed that they, with Messrs. Hall 
and Nott, would be immediately sent by the British 
fleet, to England. The following statement from 
the pen of Mr. Rice, will refer to the peculiarly 



REV. LUJHER RICE. 121 

embarrassing circumstances, and the trials to which 
they were afterwards subjected. 

"To our surprise on the 17th of November, we 
were all summoned to appear at the poUce next 
day. I had then been out of the hands of the 
physician only a few days. At the poHce we were 
notified that an order had been issued, alleging that 
by not having gone to the Isle of France, we had 
forfeited the farther indulgence of government, and 
directing the magistrate to send us to England by 
the fleet then under despatch, and which sailed 
about ten days afterwards. Passages had been 
already provided for brethren Hall and Nott in the 
Surrey — brother Judson and myself in the Prince 
Regent. No provision had been made, that we 
could learn, for sister Nott and sister Judson, and 
the Saturday next following the Wednesday we 
were notified of the order, we were to be carried 
down the river to be put on board the fleet. Of 
this circumstance, however, and of the time appoint- 
ed for the sailing of the fleet, we were not apprised, 
when notified of the order, and a certificate taken 
by the officers of police of the places where we 
re spectively resided. 

"Friday, of the same week, was regular Council 
day ; but on that day for some reason or other, the 
Supreme Council did not assemble ; and the Gover- 
nor-general had returned to his country seat, twelve 
or fifteen miles from Calcutta, so that we could 
not avail ourselves of the privilege of petitioning. 
11* 



122 MEMOIRS OF 

Brethren Hall and Nott, did, indeed endeavor to ob- 
tain an audience of the Governor-general, and to 
lay before his lordship, a petition, at his country seat ; 
but found it impracticable. However, as they had 
previously obtained all the necessary official papers, 
with the advice of worthy and judicious friends, 
early on Saturday morning they went on board 
the ship in which they had engaged passage, and 
escaped all farther difficulty with government. 
The ship was to land at Ceylon, probably one of 
them, with sister Nott, would remain there, and the 
other proceed to Bombay. If ever they had been 
sent to England, sister Nott, would have remained 
in Bengal, and it was their intention to have left 
most of their baggage behind, and to have returned 
to India as soon as practicable. 

"Brother Judson and myself engaged a passage 
for the Isle of France the next day after being 
notified of the order of government ; the master of 
police. Judge Martin, having promised Dr. Marsh- 
man, that he would grant us a pass, if we would 
actually engage a passage ; and indeed, said that 
this was the best thing we could do. The next day 
after, he refused to grant the pass ; but again pro- 
mised to the master of the ship, with whom we had 
contracted for our passage, that he would grant it ; 
but yet refused again, the next day following. Being 
engaged on Saturday, in preparing for our voyage, 
and in getting our baggage on board the Creole, 
the ship in which we had engaged our passage to 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 123 

the Isle of France, we were, of course, most of the 
day, absent from the place of our usual residence, 
and escaped the officers, who were sent to put us 
on board a small craft, destined to take us down 
the river to the fleet. The officers, went indeed to 
the house, while sister Judson, and a part of brother 
Judson's baggage were still there ; but they were 
gone when he returned for the remainder of his 
baggage. 

"Having engaged our passage on the faith of 
promises made by Judge Martin, that he would 
grant us the necessary pass, and having already 
got our baggage, we finally went on board our- 
selves, without a pass ; and the next day after, 
Sabbath, the ship began to drop down the river. 
On Monday night, the ship was arrested on our 
account, and detained a day or two. I went up 
to Calcutta twice, to effect, if practicable, our get- 
ting, if not on the Creole, on some other vessel, as 
the case might be, but could not succeed ; and we 
were reduced to the necessity of quitting the Creole, 
and of remaining a few days at Fullah, about forty 
miles down the river from Calcutta, in total uncer- 
tainty, and in a state of anxiety, better conceived 
than described. 

"At length, the necessary pass was sent to us, 
and on Monday, 30th November, we re-embarked 
on the Creole, at Saugur, and the next morning, 
put out to sea. By what considerations Judge Mar- 
tin was finally prevailed on to grant us a pass. 



124 MEMOIRS OF 

after having before, so often promised and refused 
it, I am not able to say. And why we were not 
actually put on board the Prince Regent, if govern- 
ment I'eally wished to send us to England, is equally 
unaccountable. The government, indeed, appears 
to be capricious in regard to such matters. And 
it is strongly suspected, that the order itself, result- 
ed from the unfriendly representations of Judge 
Martin ; a letter written by him to government, 
w^as mentioned in the order, as one of the reasons 
of its being issued. We arrived at the Isle of 
France, the 16th of January, 1813. There, w^e 
met with brother Newell, borne down under a most 
oppressive weight of affliction.'^ 

Thus far, the designs of Mr. Rice had been frus- 
trated. He had fondly hoped to enter, with but 
little delay, upon the work of teaching benighted 
heathen, that gospel, which brings life and immor- 
tality to light. But his way had been hedged up, 
and even at the time of his arrival at the Isle of 
France, there w^as but little probability that these 
impediments would be removed. 

In addition to these trials, Mr. Rice was required 
by his heavenly Father, to suffer much, in the expe- 
rience of painful sickness. His health began to fail 
during the voyage from America. When he ar- 
rived at Calcutta, it was the most unhealthy season 
of the year, and his strength being much reduced, 
he was soon prostrated, with what was discovered 
by the physicians, to be an affection of the liver. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 125 

During his stay in Bengal, he continued to suffer, 
with some intermission, in a distressing measure ; 
and at several periods, it was thought his constitu- 
tion would not recover the shock it had received. 

"I cannot," he says, in a letter to his parents, 
"be insensible that my situation is exceedingly pre- 
carious, and that some of the symptoms of my dis- 
ease, are of an alarming character. The day be- 
fore yesterday, appearances took rapidly an unfa- 
vorable turn, and for a while, I felt it to be extremely 
questionable whether my life would be continued 
twenty-four hours. I am now better ; but what- 
ever may be the issue, I wish to say continually, 
and to feel it, 'the Lord do with me, what seemeth 
him good.' " 

It has been already stated, that letters were 
directed to prominent members of the Baptist deno- 
mination, in this country, in regard to the proba- 
bility of systematic efforts among their churches, to 
sustain the cause of missions. Upon the arrival of 
Mr. and Mrs. Judson, with Mr. Rice, at the Isle of 
France, after much free and prayerful conference 
on the subject, it was thought advisable, that Mr. 
Rice should return to this country. Among other 
reasons, he stated the following, as having influenced 
him to this course. 

"1st. To communicate information to the Board 
of Commissioners, and to have my interesting con- 
nection with that body, adjusted in a regular and 
proper manner. 



126 MEMOIRS OF 

"2d. To contribute towards engaging the Baptist 
churches of America, in the missionary cause, and 
to obtain for ourselves, if practicable, their patron- 
age, in case the Board should, on account of our 
change of sentiment, in relation to baptism, release 
us from their service. 

"3d. Being at the Isle of France, which reckon- 
ing from Penang, is about one-third of the distance 
towards the United States, the passage that offered 
being a cheap one, and by taking with me Malay 
books, any considerable loss of time in acquiring 
that language, might be prevented. 

"4th. To reconnoitre South America as a mis- 
sionary field. 

"5th. The probability that a voyage to the United 
States would contribute to a more perfect restora- 
tion of my health, especially, to a more complete 
removal of an aflfection of the liver, which assailed 
me in India." 

On the 15th of March, 1813, he bid farewell to 
his beloved associates, and as events have proved, 
to meet them no more on earth. He embarked in 
the Donna Maria, for St. Salvador. On the 25th 
of the same month, he makes the following entry in 
his journal. "This day, I am thirty years old. I 
renewedly give myself to the Lord ; renewedly 
devote myself to the cause of missions, and beg of 
God to accept me as his, and particularly as devo- 
ted to the missionary service. O Lord, accept, I 
beseech thee, these consecrations of myself to thee. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 127 

and to the missionary cause ; and allow me, if it 
may be thy will, a few years to labor in the mis- 
sionary field, and then receive me to heaven, for 
Christ's sake. Amen." 

The voyage was pleasant, and on the 4th of May, 
they arrived at the city of St. Salvador, where he 
remained more than two months. The following 
reference to his stay at that place, in a letter to Mr. 
Judson, will be read with interest. **I had not 
separated from you two days, perhaps, not a single 
day, before I earnestly wished myself back again at 
Port St. Louis. Had it been possible to have left 
the vessel, and conveyed myself to the Isle of 
France. I certainly should have done it, and 
should not, probably, soon again, thought of re- 
turning to America. 

'^Nothing of special interest occurred during the 
voyage. We had very pleasant weather in the 
neighborhood of the Cape of Good Hope, and were 
near the coast, probably, not more than six or 
eight miles from it, a little to the eastward of the 
Cape. I don't recollect whether any on board, 
except the mate, who was the real commander, 
could speak English. He was a friendly kind of 
man, and read a great deal in the Bible, especially 
on the Sabbath. For myself, I was occupied the 
whole passage, in writing a series of letters to my 
only surviving brother, on the subject of baptism. 

"At St. Salvador, to which place you may recol- 
lect, the vessel in which I left the Isle of France, 



■tk 



128 MEMOIRS OF 

was destined, I found about half a dozen Americans, 
from New York and Boston, besides sailors and pri- 
soners, who, in the operations of the war, had been 
captured and sent there. The Americans here, of 
course, were disposed to treat me in a friendly and 
gentlemanly manner. I remained a few days on 
board the vessel, in the harbor, and the balance of 
the time, say about six weeks, at the house of Henry 
Hill, Esq. American consul. 

<*Not a religious person could I find in the place. 
Mrs. Hill descended from religious parents, was 
anxious to have her children baptised, or rather, 
sprinkled ; and without consulting me on the subject, 
and not having been informed of my being a Bap- 
tist, Mr. and Mrs. Hill had made arrangements for 
the ceremony to be performed by me ; and had, if 
I rightly recollect, invited some of their friends to 
be present on a Sabbath, for the purpose of witness- 
ing the same. 

"When they mentioned the matter to me, I gave 
them to understand, that although desirous to do 
them a pleasure, my views on the subject were 
such, as rendered it impossible for me to comply 
with their Welshes; that I apprehended, however, 
that no disadvantage to their children would arise, 
in consequence of not having the ordinance admi- 
nistered to them, and that even if my own views 
had not experienced a change on the subject after 
leaving the United States, the instructions under 
which I went out, would not have authorized me 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 129 

to baptise the children, inasmuch as the parents 
were neither of them professors of religion. The 
consul, ahhough he treated me in a very friendly 
manner, did not ask me to preach nor to pray at 
his house, nor even to ask a blessing at his table. 
I have heard, that both himself and lady, have since 
become religious. 

"The climate of St. Salvador, although down as 
low as thirteen degrees of latitude, is good, and 
the place healthy, and the country round about, I 
believe, good, fertile, and pleasant, but occupied 
by a most miserable population. The Catholic 
superstitions, which by-the-bye, is, I think, about 
as bad a state of heathenism as any, was entirely 
predominant. I adopted the opinion, however, that 
a missionary of righteousness, might do some good 
in that country; and I do hope the day is not re- 
mote, when missionaries shall be sent to South 
America. 

"The vessel in which I proceeded from the Isle 
of France to St. Salvador, after a few weeks, set 
sail for Salem ; but I was not permitted to join her. 
She had a quantity of saltpetre on board, which 
was a contraband article, and the proprietor con- 
ceived it not safe for a person to be taken as a pas- 
senger, who would not, as he supposed, swear for 
the truth, in case the vessel should be overhauled, 
in order to save the cargo. I wrote by that oppor- 
tunity, to Dr. Worcester, giving various informa- 
tion, without saying any thing of my change of 
12 



130 MEMOIRS OF 

sentiment respecting baptism ; but remarked, in 
conclusion, that I abstained from several things, 
which I should have felt it my duty to state, but, 
that I anticipated being in Boston time enough to 
be present at the annual meeting of the Board in 
September. 

"At the time of writing that letter, I knew not 
whether infoi'mation of my change of sentiment 
had arrived or not, and in case it had not, I thought 
it best to avoid communicating it till my arrival; 
not knowing what course the Board of Commis- 
sioners might take upon them to pursue, in relation 
to me, and choosing to be on the ground, without 
giving them the advantage that might arise from 
the information, beforehand ; provided, that infor- 
mation had not already reached them. I after- 
wards understood, that Dr. Worcester had shown 
the letter to some of his friends, under an impres- 
sion that it went to prove that I had not become a 
Baptist. There was nothing, however, in the let- 
ter, from which, by any means, fairly to make out 
such an inference. 

Ever most affectionately yours, 

Luther Rice." 

Having obtained passage in a cartel from St. 
Salvador, he sailed from that place to New York, 
July 17th, 1818. Every Sabbath, public religious 
services were allowed on deck. This furnished the 
opportunity of addressing a large congregation, as 
in addition to several cabin passengers, about one 
hundred prisoners of war were on board. Some 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 131 

time after his arrival in this country, he thus refers 
to an interesting incident which occurred during the 
voyage. 

"About a fortnight after leaving the harbor, one 
of the sailors died, the only human being, as far as 
I can remember, that I have ever seen expire ; unless 
I should reckon two that were shot at Fort Indepen- 
dence. When he was committed to his waterv 
grave, I made an exhortation to the people ; one of 
the sailors as thoughtless, vile, and profane as the 
rest, was awakened by that exhortation — and 
although he did not make known to me the state of 
his mind during the remainder of the voyage, yet 
not long after arriving in this country, he became a 
member of a Baptist church in Philadelphia, and has 
since become a preacher ; he is a zealous, consistent, 
and useful man. He always manifests the greatest 
attachment and respect, whenever I have the 
pleasure of meeting with him. Perhaps I may 
without impropriety here record with the deepest 
gratitude, that a few, perhaps a dozen or twenty 
in various parts of the country, have been awakened 
by my instrumentality, and brought to a knowledge 
of the truth. In all the cases I have known, their 
experience has been clear and satisfactory." 

The individual above referred to, was elder 
Thompson, who though advanced in years is still a 
laborious minister of the gospel. In alluding to the 
circumstances which led to his conversion, he 
represents himself as having been one of the most 



132 MEMOIRS OF 

daring transgressors. On the morning when the 
funeral of his shipmate was to take place, he indulged 
in unusual gaiety and profanity. Just before the 
body was committed to the ocean, he proposed in 
a jesting way to some of the other seamen, to go 
and hear what the preacher would say concerning 
their comi^ade. With his own peculiar manner, 
Mr. Rice pointed to the corpse, then to the watery 
grave before him, and to the open sky, and admo- 
nished all to prepare to meet God in judgment. 
The scene itself was solemn, but it was rendered 
more so by the thrilling tones of warning and ex- ^ 
hortation, which fell from the preacher's lips. Mr. 
Thompson was almost overpowered by the intensity 
of anguish which seized his spirit. He felt that 
there was a God, and oppressed by a sense of his 
own guilt, he began to cry for mercy, nor did he 
cease to seek the Lord, until he understood and re- 
joiced in the plan of salvation tlirough Jesus Christ. 

During the voyage, another of the seamen was 
brought to a knowledge of the truth through the 
instrumentality of Mr. Rice, and afterwards united 
with a Baptist church in this country, giving evi- 
dence of a thorough change to the time of his death. 
Thus the Lord honored his servant with the high 
privilege of winning souls to himself, at this early 
period of his ministry. 

On the 7th of September, he arrived in New 
York. In that city he remained but four days, 
being solicitous to meet the American Board of 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 133 

Commissioners at their annual session, which took 
place on the 15th of that month. An allusion to 
that meeting is found in a letter subsequently written 
to Mr. Judson. 

"Dear Brother: — I reached Boston late on the 
evening of Tuesday. The next day commenced 
the annual meeting of the Board of Commissioners 
in Boston. I saw Mr. Evarts in the morning, and 
let him know at what place I might be found at any 
hour the Board might think proper to admit me to 
an audience. This they did in the afternoon of the 
same day. I made a general statement of what 
had occurred from the time of our leaving America, 
up to the time then present, which occupied, I sup- 
pose about an hour and a half. I put into the 
hands of the corresponding secretary, Dr. Worces- 
ter, a paper which I had prepared on the particular 
subject of my change of sentiments in relation to 
baptism. A duplicate of that paper is I believe still 
in my possession. 

In that communication, I presented myself before 
them, recognizing the existence of the relation 
between us which had been produced by ordaining 
and instructing me as their missionary. In doing it, 
I requested to be discharged from their service. 
Of that communication however, they never deigned 
to take any notice. I waited perhaps till Friday, 
and wishing to go down to Salem, I saw Dr. 
Dwight, and asked him if the Board had granted my 
request, to which he replied that a vote had been 
12* 



134 MEMOIRS OF 

passed to that effect. I intimated to him that it was 
my wish to go to Salem, and asked if the Board 
would wish to see me again, to which he signified 
in reply that there would be nothing improper in 
my proceeding to Salem, without any further regard 
to the Board. 

"I had determined not to have any thing to do 
with the Baptists ; nor to enter into any arrangements 
implying a dereHction of my connection with the 
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign 
Missions, till my relation with that body was 
adjusted, or rather regularly dissolved. On Monday 
following, at the meeting in Boston, I think it was, 
I obtained by applying to the recording secretary 
of the Board, knowledge of the fact, that they had 
voted that they considered the relation between me 
and the Board dissolved from the date of my letter 
from Calcutta, announcing the fact of my change of 
sentiments. I then found myself at liberty to pursue 
the course which might be proper. 

Ever most affectionately yours, 

Luther Rice." 

The manner in which the communication was 
received and treated by the Board, could not fail 
to produce dissatisfaction, both with Mr. Rice and 
the Baptists, with whom he had now become vir- 
tually connected. It was naturally expected that 
an official reply, couched in respectful language, 
would have been received, especially as the letter 
of resignation was written in a style becoming the 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 135 

peculiar relations which were sustained to them by 
their missionaries. That such a reply was suitable, 
cannot be doubted by any candid and impartial 
mind; it would, even among worldly men, under 
similar circumstances, have been deemed proper. 
How their conduct was viewed by Mr. Rice, while 
he accorded to them the character of pious men, 
will be seen by a letter written on this subject, to a 
particular friend. 

"I did not suppose that the mere fact of the 
change of my sentiments, in itself, dissolved the 
connection between myself and that body; and 
certainly thought, that their own liberal professions 
might fairly give a different aspect to the case. I 
therefore made a respectful communication to them 
on the subject, and requested to be discharged from 
their farther service. To this, they deigned not to 
make any reply ; nor did they even communicate 
to me the resolution above mentioned. I learned 
the fact of it, by inquiring what they did touching 
the matter in question. I was well enough satisfied, 
though it seemed to me, they might have pursued 
a course more happily conformed to their professed 
liberality of sentiment, in relation to sects, and more 
nearly conformed to the christian spirit also. They 
did, indeed, instruct their treasurer to write to me 
to refund the money expended in my outfit, passage 
to India, &c. He mentioned the thing to me viva 
voce, to which I replied, that if he would write to 



136 MEMOIRS OF 

me on the subject, I would certainly attend to his 
communication. 

'^I rather wished for a fair and fit opportunity to 
remind them of their non sectarian professions ; of 
the fact, that so handsome a portion had been drawn 
from the Baptists; of the light in which I had view- 
ed the relations between myself and their body, 
consistently too, with their own professions ; and 
of the fact, that my own outfit in particular, had 
been provided for specially, and very much by my 
own personal exertions. But I never heard any 
thing farther from their treasurer on the subject. 
They are an excellent body of people, and are doing 
much good. I hope their remaining errors, par- 
ticularly that concerning baptism, will, at no very 
distant day, be removed. Christians must all be 
united, before the millenial state can take place. 
To be united, they must possess much more holi- 
ness and divine love, and conformity to the image 
of the Son of God, than they do at present. For 
this blessed result, let us devoutly, earnestly, and 
constantly labor, strive and pray." 

Having discharged what was deemed to be his 
obligations to the American Board of Commission- 
ers, Mr. Rice now felt himself at liberty to make 
formal and direct endeavors to promote the mis- 
sionary enterprise among his Baptist brethren. Ac- 
cordingly, several of the towns contiguous to Bos- 
ton were visited, for the purpose of conferring with 
such benevolent individuals as might be supposed 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 137 

to take an interest in this subiect. There were 
then in existence, four or five Baptist Foreign Mis- 
sion Societies in New England. The oldest was 
located in Salem, it having been organized shortly 
after the sailing of the missionaries from this coun- 
try. Beside this, may be mentioned, the societies 
formed in Boston, Providence, and Haverhill. In 
the month of September, a few days after the deci- 
sion of the Board of Commissioners, a conference 
of discreet brethren in Boston, was held, to consult 
on the course proper to be pursued in the exigencies 
of the case. 

It was thought necessary to proceed at once to 
the adoption of measures, which might excite the 
Baptists of this country, to combine their energies 
in the mission cause. They concluded to issue a 
circular, which should be sent to prominent indi- 
viduals in different parts of the United States. This 
circular proposed a general co-operation of the 
churches. At first, it was thought advisable to 
make the Boston Society, which had been formed 
in consequence of Mr. Judson's change of senti- 
ment, and which had already assumed the respon- 
sibility of his support, the parent institution. But 
at the suggestion of Mr. Rice, they concluded, as 
soon as practicable, to call a meeting of delegates 
from different parts of the country, at which time, 
some organization might be formed to conduct 
these operations on a more enlarged scale. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

NECESSITY OF CONSULTING THE CHURCHES MR. RICE 

CONSENTS TO ENGAGE IN THE AGENCY LEAVES BOS- 
TON VISITS NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA PRO- 
CEEDS TO THE SOUTH SUCCESS PROJECT OF A 

CONVENTION LETTERS FROM PROMINENT INDIVI- 
DUALS MISSIONARY MEETING IN PHILADELPHIA 

BAPTIST GENERAL CONVENTION ORGANIZED — MR. 
RICE URGED TO REMAIN IN THIS COUNTRY APPOINT- 
ED GENERAL AGENT INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR 

S. ZEAL AND SUCCESS IN AGENCY LETTERS MUL- 
TIPLIED PRIVATIONS AND LABORS LETTERS FIRST 

TRIENNIAL MEETING OF CONVENTION LATTER DAY 

LUMINARY COMMENCED LETTER. 

For the purpose of carrying out the plan alluded 
to in the last chapter, with the advice and concur- 
rence of his brethren in Boston, Mr. Rice deter- 
mined to visit the southern states. Thus commenced 
a series of laborious effort in rousing the denomina- 
tion to systematic action in the various benevolent 
movements of the present day. God intended to 
honor him as a pioneer in this work. Nor was this 
an enterprise of inconsiderable character. In al- 
most every section of our land, the Baptists had 
been dignified as the instruments of salvation to the 
souls of men. Their ministers, though in many 



MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 139 

instances, deficient in scholastic attainments, were, 
as a class, men of good sense, prudence, and piety. 
With an unquenchable ardor, and armed with the 
sword of the spirit, they went forth to the conflict 
against the powers of darkness. Nor were these 
endeavors vain. Through God, they were mighty 
in pulling down strongholds, and in building up the 
kingdom of their heavenly master. With their 
numbers, influence, and wealth, they were qualified 
to exercise a wide and commanding influence in the 
general cause of truth and righteousness. Their 
brethren in Great Britain, had been foremost in 
modern missionary eflTorts, and it had been ascer- 
tained, that in this country, they were always ready 
to promote those good objects, which had been pro- 
perly brought before their notice. Any means, 
therefore, which were likely to enlist the energies 
of the denomination, could not but be regarded by 
all the lovers of truth, as vastly important. 

It is known also, that unlike the other leading 
denominations of our country, the Baptists have no 
large ecclesiastical judicatories, bringing together 
from different parts, the representatives of the 
churches. Believing as they do, in the scriptural 
propriety of the independent form of church go- 
vernment, and allowing no jurisdiction to any higher 
tribunal than the church, their concentrated energy 
had not been brought to bear on the interests of the 
heathen world. It was important to adopt some 
plan, which might combine the voluntary action of 



140 MEMOIRS OF 

the churches, and decide upon some common re- 
servoir, into which, as from so many streams, the 
churches might allow their contributions to flow. 
To effect this, the churches throughout the land 
were to be consulted, and in consulting them gene- 
rally, and successfully, there were required no small 
measure of industry, patience, and judgment. These 
qualifications were possessed by Mr. Rice, who was 
now about to enter upon this important agency. 

He left Boston on the 29th of September, 1813, 
on his first southern tour. That he might once 
more visit his aged parents, he passed through 
Northborough* Referring to this, he remarks in 
his journal : "Glad to see my parents once more, 
and to find them in comfortable health. My bro- 
ther, anxious to know the grounds of my becoming 
a Baptist, is I hope, satisfied ; after some conversa- 
tion on the subject, that I am able to render a rea- 
tson in this matter.'' 

Having remained a short time in his native place, 
he proceeded to New York, and to his high satis- 
faction, found the Baptists ready to co-operate in 
the mission cause. In Philadelphia, he was re- 
ceived with the most cordial kindness. During 
his former brief stay in that city, preparatory to the 
voyage to India, he had become acquainted with 
many of the Baptists, and they were prepared on 
this account, to give him a welcome reception. 
The time of his arrival was favorable to the object 
of his visit, as on the same day, the Philadelphia 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 141 

* Association commenced its annual meeting. They 
allowed him the first favorable opportunity, of pre- 
senting detailed statements respecting the results 
which had followed the efforts of the English Bap- 
tist mission, in India, and the inviting fields of mis- 
sionary labor, which the providence of God was 
opening before our churches in America. A com- 
mittee of eleven was appointed, to consider the 
subject, who reported a constitution for the Phila- 
delphia Baptist Missionary Society, which was 
subsequently formed. 

From Philadelphia, he proceeded to Baltimore, 
Washington, and Richmond, and thence on to the 
Charleston Association. At all these places, he 
met with encouraging success. With scarcely a 
single exception, the ministers with whom he be- 
came acquainted, were desirous of a denomina- 
tional movement in favor of missions. At the 
Charleston Association, the subject having been 
introduced bv Dr. Furman, it received their cordial 
sanction, and measures were adopted to bring it 
before the attention of the churches of that region. 
Charleston, Savannah, and most of the prominent 
towns of South CaroKna and Georgia, having been 
visited by Mr. Rice, he concluded to return by 
another route, to be in Philadelphia about the first 
of May, 1814. 

During this tour, as far as practicable, churches 
and individuals were consulted, on the expediency 
of a general meeting of the friends of missions, at 
13 



142 MEMOIRS OF 

some central and convenient place. In addition to 
personal conversation, letters were written by Mr. 
Rice, to numerous persons in the United States, 
while on his tour, so that no time was allowed to 
remain unoccupied, and no means left untried, to 
accomplish the object he so ardently desired. In 
writing to Mr. Judson, he thus describes some of 
the particulars of this journey : 

*'While passing from Richmond to Petersburg 
in the stage, an enlarged view of the business open- 
ed upon my contemplations. The plan which sug* 
gested itself to my mind, that of forming one prin- 
cipal society in each state, bearing the name of the 
state, and others in the same state, auxiliary to that ; 
and by these large, or state societies, delegates be 
appointed, to form one general society. The so- 
ciety in Richmond, in the outset, took the name of 
the state, as did one afterw^ards, in North Carolina; 
but in no case, have auxiliaries been formed to these 
state societies. Recently, however, this same kind 
of system, in substance and effect, but differing in 
form and modification, begins to come into action. 
Several state conventions have been formed already, 
and more will probably be originated. To these, 
it is calculated, auxiliaries will be formed, and that 
associations will also become constituents; and 
that from these delegates, perhaps, ultimately, the 
delegates will be appointed to the general con- 
vention. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 143 

It may not be improper to introduce in this place, 
one or two letters, written in reply to inquiries 
made by him, respecting the practicability of a 
general meeting. They will furnish a correct idea 
of the nature of his labors about this period, and of 
the estimation in which they were held by most of 
his brethren. The first is from the present senior 
secretary of the Board, whose interest, from that 
time to the present, in the mission cause, has known 
no abatement. It is dated 

Salem, December 7, 1813. 

"Rev. and Dear Brother: — I will not attempt 
to disguise the satisfaction I felt on reading your 
letter from Charleston. Every circumstance that 
looks favorable to the cause of Christ among the 
heathen, is interesting to my heart. Our denomi- 
nation have long wanted some general excitement 
towards this great and important object, that the 
means within their power might be called into 
action. I think your visit promises to be highly 
useful in this respect ; besides, it will give you an 
opportunity of witnessing the spirit they are of, and 
enable you to carry with you, whenever you go to 
the field of your labors, a more correct impression 
of the sentiments of our brethren in relation to the 
mission, than vou otherwise could have done. 

"The societies that have been formed this way, 
continue to exert themselves, and receive some 
encouragement, more than they anticipated, or 



144 MEMOIRS OF 

from unexpected sources ; and I believe they will 
readily adopt the plan of a ^general comnnittee,' to 
meet in Philadelphia. The abject of this commit- 
tee, I presume, will be to adopt some system for 
general operation, after they have come together; 
for as yet, we are this way, as much undecided 
upon that subject, as we have been. For myself, I 
think Philadelphia must become the central point, 
and the residence of most of the executive members 
of the general society. We must have in some 
one place, a few men, to whom the immediate ma- 
nagement of the whole concern may be entrusted. 
Brethren widely separated, cannot act with that con- 
cert, promptness, and decision, which a concern of 
this nature and importance demands. Will each of 
the societies formed at the south, send one or more, to 
the contemplated meeting in Philadelphia? I think 
the time you have proposed for that meeting will 
be as favorable as any one that could have been 
named. 

^^We wish to see you again this way; though 
while we believe you to be employed for the good 
cause, W'C will patiently wait. The anniversary 
sermon to our mission society, which I proposed 
for you to preach, will, in consequence of your 
absence, be delivered by Mr. Sharp^ on the first 
Wednesday of January. 

*'Do you hear any thing from Kentucky, and the 
western states ? There are many Baptists in those 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 145 

parts. Take some measures, if you can, to excite 
them to co-operation. 

"Wishing you much of the presence and blessing 
of the great Head of the church, I subscribe myself, 
your friend and brother, in the precious Saviour. 

L. BOLLES." 

The second letter is from the lamented Staughton, 
who, for several years, filled the office of corres- 
ponding secretary of the Board. He writes as 
follows : 

Philadelphia, December 17, 1813. 

"Mr Dear Brother: — I have received, and 
thank you for your communication of the 6th inst. 
I rejoice that the Lord has so greatly succeeded 
your exertions, and I hope the example of existing 
societies, will procure the origination of many 
more. The leaven is in the meal, and its operation 
is inevitable. 

"On this sheet you will learn how far we have 
progressed in our own society. Circulars like the 
above are now distributing, and I hope by April 
next, we shall come out a pretty large body. The 
meeting in April is for organizing the establishment. 
Our annual meeting is the first Wednesday in June. 
With respect to the place of meeting of the General 
Committee, I think our society ought to be passive. 
I was conversing last evening with Dr. Rogers on 
the subject, who is of opinion with myself, that the 
Societies which exist at the greatest distance from 
some central point should decide for themselves. I 
13* 



146 MEMOIRS OF 

am persuaded that our Society will acquiesce with 
cheerfulness in such a decision. Were we to con- 
sult personal convenience and gratification, we 
should at once recommend Philadelphia. 

*^What if you were to drop a line to brother 
Baldwin on the subject ; he is president of the 
American Society. The meeting contemplated 
wheresoever held,, will be attended with considerable 
expense, and that expense will be in effect a pro- 
portionate abstraction from the funds of the mission ; 
to have the point of convening as central as possible, 
is therefore obviously desirable. 

^'I had no doubt of your finding an affectionate 
hospitable reception among our southern brethren. 
I trust your company and labors may kindle a flame 
of zeal for the Lord of Hosts that shall never go out 
or subside. You did not mention the state of your 
health, I hope you find it improved and that a 
southern winter will prepare you for a northern 
summer. Wishing you much of the presence of 
our best friend, and that your usefulness in the 
churches, of Christ, and in the salvation of the 
heathen, may be permanent and growing, 

I am your affectionate friend and brother, 

Wm. Staughton. 

About this period, the Philadelphia Society, formed 
through Mr. Rice's agency, interested itself in pre- 
paring the way for the general meeting proposed 
to be held, by sending a circular to prominent 
individuals and churches, inviting their attendance 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 147 

and co-operation. In this circular they use the 
following language. "On the conviction wrought 
upon the minds of our brethren Judson and Rice, in 
India, resj^ecting christian baptism, and their cheer- 
ful submission thereto, you have already been 
apprised. This change of sentiment in those men 
of God, must convince us of the necessity of imitat- 
ing the laudable examples already set us by others 
of the American Baptists, in giving every encou- 
ragement and assistance towards the furtherance of 
such benevolent designs, as are connected with the 
bringing into the fold of Jesus> the far separated, and 
distant members of the same redeemed family. 

"We cannot doubt, beloved brethren, your cordial 
disposition to act with us, and therefore solicit your 
company, as far as is possible, on the first Wednes- 
day in April next, at 3 o'clock, p. m. that we 
may be enabled to give vitality to that union of 
exertion, which past experience teaches us w^ill not 
be in vain. Duty is ours, the event is God's. 
Let us begin, and persist, and we shall prevail. 
Pray ye for the peace, and increase of the church ; 
they shall prosper that love her. Ye that mention 
the name of the Lord, keep not silence yourselves, nor 
let Him rest in silence until he estabhsh, and until 
he render "Jerusalem a praise in the whole earth." 

The meeting having been appointed by general 
consent to be held in Philadelphia, on the 18th of 
May, 1814, at that time a number of ministers and 
delegates from different parts of the United States 



bL. 



148 MEMOIRS or 

assembled. Dr. Richard Furman was called to the 
chair, and Dr. Thomas Baldwin appointed secre- 
tary. After a careful consideration of the whole 
subject for several days, it was unanimously decided 
to form the "General Convention of the Baptist 
denomination in the United States for Foreign Mis- 
sions.'* Through this association all the foreign 
missionary operations of the American Baptists 
have been conducted. Most of those revered men> 
w^ho were present on that interesting occasion, now 
sleep in Jesus, and are mingling in the joys of the 
upper world, but the results of their labor have 
been extensively felt in the dissemination of the 
gospel among the heathen. Many a pagan has 
abandoned his idols and yielded to the peaceful 
reign of the Prince of Peace. Nor will these 
exertions be remitted, until his triumph shall be 
complete and the whole earth be full of his glory. 
Writing to Mr. Judson about this period, he adverts 
to the incipient measures which had been adopted 
among his brethren in this country, and his own 
desire to return to India. 

Rockingham, Vermont, September 30fA, 1814. 

"My very dear Brother: — Your letter of 
the 25th of August, 1813, from Rangoon, I had 
the peculiar satislaction to receive a few days 
since; and have also seen sister Judson's letter to 
her parents and sisters. The^e I have read with 
the deepest interest — I rejoice much in the good 



REV. LUTHfiR RICE. 149 

hand of our God upon you in opening your way to 
Rangoon ; but feel greatly pained to find myself still 
at so great a distance from the dearest friends I have 
on earth. Several times have I written since mv 
arrival in this country. By the last opportunity, a 
copy of the ^Proceedings of the Baptist Convention 
for missionary purposes/ was forwarded, which when 
it comes to hand, will inform you what is going 
forward in this country, among our baptized breth- 
ren. This convention, as you will perceive, is com - 
posed of delegates from the Mission Societies form- 
ed throughout all the United States. 

**The Baptist Board for Foreign Missions, insti- 
tuted by the Convention, readily undertook your sup- 
port and mine, but thought it necessary for me to 
continue my labors in this country, for a time. Of 
this I am convinced in my judgment, though it is 
extremely painful to my heart to be thus detained 
here. I hope however in the course of five or six 
months to get the Baptists so well rallied, that the 
necessity of my remaining'will no longer exist. And 
I certainly wish not to remain here a moment 
longer than my stay will more advance the mission, 
than my departure for the field again. I have 
addressed a printed letter to the Baptist Associations 
generally, and I am happy to learn that the subject 
is taken up by them with readiness. I entertain the 
hope that such arrangements may be made as to 
enable the Board to send its annual reports to all the 
churches of our order throughout the country, and 



150 MEMOIRS OF 

that many of the churches will come into the mea- 
sure of annual contributions for the missions. 

*'So constantly have the concerns of the mission 
occupied my attention, that I have seen my parents 
but once since my arrival in the United States, and 
that only one day, a,year ago. Plymouth, I have 
not been able to visit till quite recently; the 
Sabbath before last, I had the happiness of passing 
there. In your father's house, I felt as if among my 
own relations, and regretted much that it was not 
in my power to remain longer witli friends, so par- 
ticularly dear to me ; your parents and sisters were 
in usual health. Your father inquired respecting my 
change of sentiment and present views, but made 
not a single remark tending to the support of infant 
baptism. 

^^Sev^eral promising young men of the right sort 
for missionaries, with whom I have become ac- 
quainted, will I believe engage in this great service. 
I long for the time to arrive, that I may once more 
associate with my dear, very dear brother and sis- 
ter Judson; till which happy, and much to be 
prayed for day, permit me to assure you of my 
continual, and most affectionate regard, 

Mv dear brother and sister Judson, 

Luther Rice." 

In the commencement of denominational action 
among the Baptists, the subject of this memoir be- 
held the accomplishment of a work dear to his heart. 
For this, he had toiled and prayed. On his south- 



REV. LUTHER' RICE. 151 

em tour, preparatory to the meeting in May, he 
had collected nearly $1,300 for the mission; ar- 
rangements also were made by him, in various 
places, for future and efficient aid. About twenty 
missionary societies had been formed in different 
parts of the United States, and he now saw the 
system which was likely to effect such vast results, 
in complete operation. 

During the important meeting to which allusion 
has just been made, Mr. Rice, in connection with 
a report of his labors in his southern tour, made 
some valuable suggestions, which, doubtless, con- 
tributed to assist the Board in their future decisions. 
They furnish evidence of the deep interest he felt 
in this subject, and the wide scope he had allowed 
his thoughts to take. 

While the Baptist churches in this country were 
thus led to the adoption of systematic measures, to 
promote the spread of the gospel in heathen lands, 
the hand of Providence was opening to their view, 
a most inviting field of labor. By a mysterious, 
and apparently adverse combination of circum- 
stances, Mr. and Mrs. Judson were driven to Ran- 
goon. They were actually compelled to leave the 
region in which they had fondly hoped to live, as 
heralds of the cross, to labor for the salvation of 
heathen tribes. But an all wise Jehovah, designed 
these events, as preparatory to results, which were 
to gladden another, and equally wretched portion 
of the pagan world. These results are written in 



152 MEMOIRS OF 

the history of the Burman mission. Reference to 
this interesting subject, is found in the reflections 
which follow from the pen of Mr. Rice. '*Soon 
after my parting with brother and sister Judson, 
they went from the Isle of France to Madras, in- 
tending to proceed from that place to Penang, or 
to some point where they might labor for the salva- 
tion of the Malays ; but an order soon issued from 
government, to send them to England, to get them 
out of the country. Just at that crisis, a small ves- 
sel was about to sail from Madras for Rangoon, in 
Burmah ; and as the only alternative to escape, 
being absolutely driven away from the field of their 
contemplated exertions, and of their hopes, they 
took passage, and were thus conveyed to a very 
important position in the Burman empire. Finding 
it practicable to stay there, they had no wish to 
leave the place, and their purpose was at once 
fixed, to begin on that very spot their great under- 
taking, to give the glorious gospel of the blessed God 
to the eighteen millions of that dark empire, and to 
the many millions of the contiguous region ! Thus, 
by a manifestly special and very signal interposi- 
tion of Divine Providence^ were they, without them- 
selves intending it, conveyed to that very important 
missionary field ; and thus, most providentially, was 
the Burman mission commenced. And by many sig- 
nal interpositions of the same Divine Providence, 
has it been brought to its present condition of iin- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 153 

usual prosperity, and unparalleled promise. Glory 
BE TO God !" 

The following extract of a letter from Mr. Jud- 
son to Mr. Rice, will furnish some idea of the feel- 
ings of himself and his wife, as they were con- 
ducted by their heavenly Father, to the scene of 
their future labors, 

"A mission to Rangoon we had been accustomed 
to regard with horror. But it was now brought to 
a point ; we must either venture there, or be sent 
to Europe. All other paths were shut up, and thus 
situated, though dissuaded by all our friends at Ma- 
dras, we commended ourselves to the care of God, 
and embarked the 22d of June. It was a crazy old 
vessel. 

**The captain was the only person on board that 
could speak our language, and we had no other 
apartment than what was made by canvass. Our 
passage was very tedious. Mrs. Judson was taken 
dangerously ill, and continued so, until, at one 
period, I came to experience the awful sensation 
which necessarily resulted from the expectation of 
an immediate separation from my beloved wife, 
the only remaining companion of my wanderings. 
About the same time, the captain being unable to 
make the Carnicobar island, where it was intended 
to take in a cargo of cocoa-nuts, we were driven 
into a dangerous strait, between the little and great 
Andamans, two savage coasts, where the captain 
had never been before, and where, if we had been 
14 



154 MEMOIRS OF 

cast ashore, we should (according to all accounts) 
have been killed and eaten by the natives. But as 
one evil is sometimes an antidote to another, so it 
happened with us. Our being driven into this dan- 
gerous, but quiet channel, brought immediate relief 
to the agitated and exhausted frame of Mrs. Jud- 
son, and conduced essentially to her recovery. And 
in the event, we were safely conducted over the 
black rocks, which we sometimes saw in the gulf 
below, and on the eastern side of the islands found 
favorable winds, which gently wafted us forward 
to Rangoon. But on arriving here, other trials 
awaited us. 

"We had never before seen a place where Eu- 
ropean influence had not contributed to smooth and 
soften the rough features of uncultivated nature. 
The prospect of Rangoon, as we approached, was 
quite disheartening. I went on shore, just at night, 
to take a view of the place, and the Mission-house, 
but so dark, and cheerless, and unpromising did all 
things appear, that the evening of that day, after 
my return to the ship, we have marked as the most 
gloomy and distressing that we ever passed. In- 
stead of rejoicing, as we ought to have done, in 
having found a heathen land, from which we were 
not immediately driven away, such were our weak- 
nesses, that we felt we had no portion left here 
below, and found consolation only in looking be- 
yond our pilgrimage, which we tried to flatter our- 
selves would be short, to that peaceful region where 



i 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 155 

the wicked cease from troubling, and the weary are 
at rest. But if ever we commended ourselves, sin- 
cerely and without reserve, to the disposal of our 
heavenly Father, it was on this evening. And 
after some recollection and prayer, we experienced 
something of the presence of Him who cleaveth 
closer than a brother; something of that peace 
which our Saviour bequeathed to his followers — a 
legacy which we know from this experience, en- 
dures when the fleeting pleasures and unsubstantial 
riches of the world are passed away. 

"The next day Mrs. Judson was carried into the 
town, being unable to walk, and we found a home 
at the Mission-house, though Mr. Carey was absent 
at Ava. We soon began to find that it was in our 
hearts to live and die with the Burmans. We gra- 
dually became reconciled to the place ; and from a 
conviction of the superior importance of this to any 
unoccupied station, and a hope that, notwithstand- 
ing the frightful accounts we had received, we 
should find it practicable to remain, we were in- 
duced to pitch our tent. We applied very soon to 
the study of the language ; and in this we have been 
closely engaged to the present time, a period of 
about two years, so far as Mrs. Judson's health, 
and my numerous interruptions have permitted." 

Having succeeded in his desire to effect a deno- 
minational organization, Mr. Rice became solicitous 
respecting the course he should pursue : Whether to 
return immediately to India, or to remain still longer 



156 MEMOIRS OF 

in this country. In consulting his brethren, it was 
unanimously thought, that he should continue to pro- 
secute the agency among the American churches. 
It was believed, that his personal labors were essen- 
tial to mature the plans which had been formed, as 
no man could be found so well qualified to repre- 
sent and advocate the interests of the mission. The 
following are among the first of the official acts of 
the Board : 

"1. Certain communications were made to the 
Board by the Rev. Mr. Rice, containing remarks 
on fields for missionary labor ; together with a state- 
ment of the moneys he had received and expended 
on his journey to the southern states : on w^hich 
Resolved, That the Board possess a high sense of the 
zealous, disinterested, and faithful services of their 
beloved brother, and feel a lively emotion of grati- 
tude to the Lord, for the success with which his 
labors have been crowned. Ordered, that the com- 
munication be published. 

^'2. Resolved, That Mr. Rice be appointed, under 
the patronage of this Board, as their missionary, to 
continue his itinerant services in these United States 
for a reasonable time ; with a view to excite the 
public mind more generally, to engage in mission- 
ary exertions, and to assist in originating societies 
or institutions, for carrying the missionary design 
into execution.** 

In accordance with the earnest wishes of the 
Board, Mr. Rice continued his agency, and employ- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 157 

ed the whole of the following year in the northern 
and eastern states, visiting churches and associa- 
tions ; carrying on at the same time, an extensive 
correspondence with prominent individuals in dif- 
ferent parts of the United States. Of such impor- 
tance did the Board consider these labors, that in 
the spring of the next year, at a regular meeting, 
the following entry was made in their minutes : 

"However desirable it might be for brother Rice 
to return immediately to India, pursuant to his own 
wishes, to be associated with brother Judson, and 
the washes of th^ Board to avail themselves of his 
services in the Burman mission, yet such is the 
actual posture of the missionary business in this 
country, and the course clearly indicated by an 
over-ruling and all wise Providence, as in the judg- 
ment of the Board, imperiously to require his longer 
detention, and farther labors here ; therefore, 

^^ Voted, That brother Rice for some time longer, 
continue as an agent of this Board; subject how- 
ever, to such openings in Providence, and such suc- 
cess attendant on his labor, as in the judgment of 
the Board, may render his continuance in this coun- 
try no longer requisite, and his removal to a mis- 
sionary station requisite and proper.'^ 

During his agency in New England, Mr. Rice 
found frequent opportunities of conferring with his 
pedobaptist friends in relation to the change which 
had taken place in his sentiments. In these inter- 
views, he did not fail to maintain with becoming 
14* 



158 MEMOIRS OF 

earnestness the position he occupied. Believers' 
immersion, was in his estimation of great practical 
importance, he could not therefore be prevented 
from defending and urging it among those with 
whom he was formerly connected. But in all his 
endeavors to influence others in this duty, his man- 
ner was kind and conciliatory. Knowing by expe- 
rience the power of early prepossessions, he was 
prepared to sympathize even with the prejudices of 
many, who while they neglected duty, did it igno- 
rantly in unbelief. 

In their annual report for 1815, the Board thus 
express their continued conviction of the usefulness 
of his exertions. "The detailed account of the 
labors of brother Rice will be read with interest. 
Devoted to the service of God in the cause of missions 
and acting as agent of the Society, his endeavors to 
excite and direct the godly zeal of associations, to 
originate missionary institutions, and to contribute 
to the efficiency of the convention and its Board, 
have been active and incessant. Impressed with 
the importance of his past services, and believing 
that there are sections of our country in which his 
future labors may prove eminently useful, how 
desirable soever, on some accounts, his early removal 
to a missionary station may appear, the Board are 
of opinion that it is their real interest to continue 
him some time longer in his present engagements. 
Conformably to this conviction, they have resolved 
on his remaining a while their agent in the United 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 159 

States. The Board most affectionately commend 
him to the favor and kind offices of their christian 
brethren. The fraternal manner in wliich his past 
services have been welcomed, combined with the 
high importance of the work in which he is engaged^ 
create an assurance that he will continue to be 
received as a brother beloved/' ^=^ 

The lively zeal with which he continued to pro- 
secute his labors was so unremitting, as to leave but 
little time even for correspondence with his most 
beloved relatives* In a letter to his brother, he 
observes, "excuse me my dear brother \ certainly it 
is not a pleasure to me to be the occasion of disap- 
pointment to my friends. The object I have in 
view, I dare not suffer myself for a moment to lose 
sight of, or to omit any opportunity of promoting.. 
To this every thing else must yields and when in 
the prosecution of this, disappointments are occa- 
sioned to my friends, I can only regret the fact 
without being able to prevent it.*" 

In a similar strain he thus writes to his brother,. 
October 20, 1815. "Never, that I recollect, did I 
leave any spot with more painful and melancholy 
reluctance, than I felt in parting with our parents 
and your family, on the day when last I had the 
pleasure of visiting my native place. A sort of 
gloomy presentiment, that. I should not see our dear 
mother again, oppressed my spirits. I had travelled 
all the preceding night, and nothing but a severe 
conviction of duty which left no alternative, could 



160 MEMOIRS OF 

have compelled me to leave your house that day. 
My anxiety to hasten a companion to my dear 
Judson, at Rangoon, (as I could not go myself at 
present) induced me to visit Massachusetts at that 
time, and occasioned a small deviation from the 
track I had marked out, and submitted to the Board 
as that which I wished to pursue. I perceive, my 
dear brother, that you are mistaken as to the causes 
which allot so small a portion of my time to the 
place of my nativity — the fire-side of my dear 
parents and brother. The only reason is, the interests 
of the great object to which my little life is devoted, 
require my presence elsewhere. I have said to 
myself, after completing what of the Lord*s business 
he has assigned me, / shall have time enough in this 
iDorld or in the next to enjoy my friends.^^ 

During the year 1815-16, his self-denying, labo- 
rious efforts, were continued chiefly in the western 
and southern states. In closing his report to the 
Board he says : 

"The societies mentioned in this letter as auxiliary 
to the Board, and those mentioned in my letter of 
May, 1815, exhibit the pleasing and very encou- 
raging fact of at least seventy-one mission 
SOCIETIES, distinctly combining their means and 
their exertions in the noble design of aiding the 
heralds of the cross to preach among the Gentiles the 
unsearchable riches of Christ, 

In closing this communication, it is impossible for 
me to abstain from an expression of devout grati- 



RET. LUTHER RICE. 161 

tude to the Father of Mercies for his great goodness 
in conveying me in safety through the various and 
extended journeyings of so many thousand miles 
the year past ; frequently in lonely ways, usually 
solitary, and sometimes in the night : but no disas- 
ter has been permitted to occur.. Also the uni- 
formly favourable countenance and kindness of the 
people in all places through which my course has 
led^ have alleviated the painfulness of toil, exposure, 
and fatigue; beguiled anxious solicitude, supported 
and strengthened a confidence in the enlarged suc- 
cess of the undertaking,, and claim my warmest 
thanks/^ 

The following letter from Mr. Judson^ may be 
here appropriately inserted. 

Rangoon^ ^u^ust 3^ 1816. 

"My dear Brother Rice : — I hope you wall 
believe that the reason of my writing to you only 
one short letter hitherto, was not that I had no 
desire to write you,, or that I doubted whether a 
letter would be very acceptable to you ; but sim- 
ply, because I have never till the present time, had 
any reason to hope that a letter forwarded from 
this place> would reach America before you left it. 
From a late letter of yours, however, to Dr. Carey, 
I conclude you will receive this. 

"You remember, that the furlough we gave you 
at the Isle of France, extended to two years only. 
Little did we then thinli, that three or four years 



162 MEMOIRS OF 

would elapse before we met again. I rejoice, how- 
ever, that you are able to give so good an account 
of your time. I congratulate you on the success 
which has crowned your labors in America. It 
really surpasses my highest expectations. Still 
permit me to hope, that, as you are spending the 
prime of your life in such valuable services in Ame- 
rica, for the heathen, you will give them your per- 
sonal services in your old age ; and that we shall 
unite our prayers and labors, and finally, lay our 
bones together in an eastern clime. 

'^Since you left us, we have been called to re- 
joice and to mourn over a dear child. He died 
three months ago, at the age of eight months. So 
that we are now reduced to our former solitary 
situation. We are, however, daily expecting bro- 
ther Hough and family. He has already sent round 
a press and types, which have arrived in the river, 
and expects to follow himself, the first opportunity. 
I do not doubt that you have written me by Mr. 
Hough, but I have not received any letters that he 
may have brought from America. 

'*I have been almost blind for four months past, 
afflicted at the same time with a nervous affection 
in the head, which has unfitted me for any exertion. 
I was taken in the midst of the last hot season, on 
the eleventh of April. I have at times almost de- 
spaired of recovery, but have been a little better 
lately. I was on the point of saiUng to Bengal, 
when the news of brother Hough's arrival there, 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 163 

induced me to wait until he should be settled here, 
when I could leave more conveniently, 

"I have completed a grammar of the Burman 
language, whi<ih I hope will be useful to you; also 
a tract, which I hope to get printed as soon as Mr. 
Hough arrives. 

*'U any ask what success I meet with among the 
natives? — tell them to look at Otaheite, where the 
missionaries labored nearly twenty years, and not 
meeting with the slightest success, began to be 
neglected by all the christian w^orld, and the very 
name of Otaheite began to be a shame to the cause 
of missions ; and now the blessing begins to come. 
Tell them to look at Bengal also, where Dr. Tho- 
mas had been laboring seventeen years, that is, from 
1783 to 1800, before the first convert, Krishno, was 
baptised. When a few converts are once made, 
things move on. But it requires a much longer 
time than I have been here, to make a first impres- 
sion on a heathen people. If they ask again, what 
prospect of ultimate success is there? — tell them, 
as much as that there is an Almighty and faithful 
God who will perform his promises, and no more. 
If this does not satisfy them, beg them to let me 
stay and try it, and to let you come, and to give 
us our bread ; or, if they are unwilling to risk their 
bread on such a forlorn hope as has nothing but 
the WORD OF God to sustain it, beg of them at least 
not to prevent others from giving us bread. And 



164 MEMOIRS OF 

if we live some twenty or thirty years, they may 
hear from us again. 

**I have already written many things home about 
Rangoon. But one large parcel which I forward- 
ed to Bengal, is lost, I fear, not having had any 
accounts of it. This climate is good, better than 
any other part of the East, But it is a most filthy, 
wretched place. Missionaries must not calculate 
on the least comfort, but what they find in one an- 
other and their work. However, if a ship was 
lying in the river, ready to convey me to any part 
of the world I should choose, and that too with the 
entire approbation of all my christian friends, I 
would prefer dying to embarking. This is an im- 
mense field ; and since the Serampore missionaries 
have left, it is wholly thrown on the hands of the 
American Baptists. If we desert it, the blood of 
the Burmans will be required of us. Nancy unites 
with me in an aflTectionate remembrance ; we both 
long to see you again. Yours ever, 

A. JUDSON." 

The reader will form some idea of the multiplied 
privations and toils of Mr. Rice at this time, by 
reference to a famiUar letter to his brother, dated 
October 29, 1816. "The 25th of July, I left Phila- 
delphia, and arrived in Warrenton, N. C. on the 
evening of Friday, 2d August, at least 370 miles. 
After attending the North Carolina general meeting 
of correspondence, near that place, I took stage on 
the night of Monday, about midnight, having been 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 165 

occupied after meeting, till that hour, in writing, 
without going to bed, and about 2 o'clock, on Wed- 
nesday morning, arrived again in Richmond, Va. 
more than 100 miles from Warrenton. In the 
evening of the same day, preached in Richmond, 
wrote twenty-one letters on Thursday, besides 
doing some other necessary business, and at 3 
o'clock, on Friday morning, left that city, and 
preached in the evening of the same day, in Gooch- 
land county, forty miles from Richmond. At a 
yearly meeting, same place, preached again on 
Saturday at 12 o'clock, and on the Sabbath, that 
is, the next day, was with the Appamattox As- 
sociation; preaching in Prince Edward county, 
about sixty miles from where I was in Goochland 
county. 

"The following Sabbath, 18th of August, I was 
with the County Line Association, in Caswell 
county, N. C, having had but an easy week's ride 
of about 166 miles; and was with the Mountain 
Association, in Burke countv, N. C. the next Sab- 
bath, having gone that week, 214 miles. The fol- 
lowing Saturday, was with the Shiloh Association, 
in Culpeper county, Va., having been under the 
necessity of riding more than four hundred miles in 
less than six days. Was at the Green Brier Asso- 
ciation the next Sabbath, in Monroe county, Va., 
having gone in the week, the latter part of which 
was rainy, about 222 miles. The next Sabbath, at 
the North District Association, Montgomery county, 
15 



166 MEMOIRS OF 

Kentucky, 290 miles ; raining all the week, exces- 
sively bad roads, mountains, rivers, creeks, and 
mud — my health began to be impaired. The fol- 
lowing Sabbath, with the Franklin Association, near 
Frankfort, Ky., only about 100 miles riding for me 
the whole week, nearly three days of which, w^ere 
spent in Lexington, preaching, hearing preaching, 
visiting, and necessary business, &c. &c. 

**The Friday following, I was at the Union As- 
sociation, in Knox county, Ky., and left it the same 
evening, intending to be with the Caney Fork As- 
sociation, in Warren county, Tennessee, on the 
Sabbath; but after very severe riding, failed, find- 
ing the distance too great, and unable to procure a 
fresh horse by the w^ay ; but the next Sabbath, 6th 
of October, was with the Flint River Association, 
Bedford county, Tennessee, having gone about 300 
miles in the week. The next Sabbath, was with 
the Tennessee Association, in Blount county, Ten- 
nessee, 226 miles the week's ride. The Friday 
following was at the opening of the Broad River 
Association, in Rutherford county, N. C. Left that 
on the same afternoon, and on Sabbath morning, 
by meeting-time, was with the Pee Dee Associa- 
tion, in Montgomery county, N. C. ; riding between 
the two, about 120 miles. 

"Being obliged to ride in the night, on Friday 
night I got lost. The roads in this part of our 
country, are none of them fenced, and are mostly 
through woods ; I had to go that night in by roads, 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 167 

but little travelled — missed the way, got out of 
roads, at length, into mere paths, and ultimately, 
lost the path — found myself alone in a dreary wil- 
derness, unable to discover the point of compass ; 
totally ignorant which way to direct my course, to 
find any road or habitation of men. I stopped, 
and besought the Lord to lead me out — rose from 
my supplications, and attempted to advance. In less 
perhaps, than two minutes, certainly, in less than 
five, fell into the road which conducted me to the 
place that I calculated to reach that night, at which, 
I arrived about 1 o'clock. Have now just come 
from attending the Sandy Creek Association, and 
am on my way to the Charleston. Such is the 
outline of my course since leaving Philadelphia. 
Frequently, after completing a day's ride, instead 
of indulging in the repose which nature solicits, it 
is necessary for me to employ my pen ; however, 
fatigues too often overcome me, or perhaps I too 
easily yield to the inclination for rest." 

In noticing these labors, the Board make the fol- 
lowing commendatory remarks : " The Board have 
reviewed, with sincere satisfaction, the unwearied 
and successful exertions, during the year past, of 
brother Luther Rice, their agent. They can scarce- 
ly conceive the possibility of his having occupied a 
sphere of greater usefulness. It is with real plea- 
sure they have observed that the offered emolu- 
ments and honors of the Presidency of a respectable 
university in Kentucky, have not been able to divert 



168 MEMOIRS OF 

him from his missionary career. He is appointed, 
until the convention shall meet, to continue his 
exertions to originate new societies, and to system- 
atize measures for an easy and regular intercom- 
munication between the Board and the mission 
institutions. In his anticipated labors, he is affec- 
tionatclv commended to the care of the Lord Jesus, 
and to the hospitable attention and fraternal aid of 
all who long for the glory of the latter days." 

The first triennial meeting of the Convention was 
held in Philadelphia,, in May, 1817. How far the 
efforts of Mr. Rice had been successful, will be 
ascertained by referring to the wide-spread interest 
in the mission cause, which at this time was begin- 
ning to be felt in the Baptist churches of the United 
States. His own sanguine wishes were more than 
realized, as was frequently intimated by expressions 
of gratitude recorded in his journaL Just before 
the triennial meeting of the Convention in 1817, he 
made on his birth-day the following note : ^' In re- 
viewing the year past, much occurs to awaken emo- 
tions of thankfulness and gratitude to the Father of 
Mercies. My journeyings have been great, gene- 
rally lonely, and sometimes very fatiguing,* but 
my life, health, and limbs, have been preserved — 
strength has indeed been equal to the day. Praised 
be the name of the Lord. 

^' By my journal, it appears that I have travelled, 
since entering upon my thirty-third year, which 
closes this day, seven thousand eight hundred miles, 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 169 

and, since leaving Philadelphia the 25th of last 
July, have received from various sources, and on 
various accounts, ^3,629 441. As^^this amount has 
been mostly contributed for missionary purposes, 
the fact, and the amount, furnish gratifying proof 
of the progressive state of missionary views, im- 
pressions, and zeal among the Baptists in the United 
States. May this cause advance with increasing 
vigor and success, till the world shall be full of the 
knowledge of the Lord." 

About this period, letters were received by Mr. 
Rice from his companions in labor, whom he had 
left on heathen ground, and with whom he had 
expected soon to be reunited. His return had been 
deferred, from time to time, by what he and many 
of his friends conceived to be the stern demand of 
duty. The communications of Mr. and Mrs. Jud- 
son have regard to this subject, and indicate the 
very tender attachment which was entertained, as 
well as their deep solicitude, that he should again 
join them in the mission. 

« Rangoon, October 23, 1818. 

" My DEAR Brother Rice : — Yours of June and 
September, 1817, are before me. What shall I say 
in reply ? Your mention of ten years has cut off 
the little hope I had remaining of uniting with you, 
as an assistant, in missionary labors. It seems that 
our paths have been diverging from the Isle of 
France, until they have terminated in scenes of 
labor the most remote and dissimilar possible ; but 
15* 



170 MEMOIRS OF 

I trust that we have both been guided aright, and 
that whatever local relation our bones may finally 
sustain in this world, our spirits will at last be 
united in the same celestial scene — the plains of 
heaven— the presence of the Lamb. 

" I feel disposed to pour out my regrets, but I 
suppose they would be unavailing. I really expect 
to see you no more in this world. It appears to me 
that the proposal of ten years is of the same use 
and benefit as a projecting crag in a precipice, 
which serves a little to break the force of the fall, 
but only bruises and mangles the poor wretch, who 
might as well go to the bottom at once. No ! we 
shall meet no more in this world. I never said so 
before, but I think I may venture to say so now. 
We shall meet no more, unless some circumstances 
occur in America to induce you to change your 
mind very shortly. 

" When I think of our very pleasant intercourse 
on board the Creole, and in our own hired house at 
Port Louis, I almost regret that I ever consented to 
your leaving me. We— that is, Nancy and myself — 
have been alone in the world ever since, till within 
a few days. We have been through most severe 
and cutting trials^ which I believe we have scarcely 
mentioned to any mortal. How much, at times, 
have we needed your congeniality of mind, the sup- 
port of your tried attachment. When two faithful 
friends are united, how great is the mutual support. 
What happy days w^e spent at Budge-budge and 



REV. LUTHER RICE* 171 

Fultah; what spiritual consolations and felicities 
we mutually imparted, when chased about by the 
officers of police. Have you ever seen happier 
days ? I never have. 

" Brother Hough and I have done pretty well 
together. He is just going to Bengal. Perhaps 
he will return here ; perhaps he will go to Chita- 
gong, and Hve there among the Mugs. If so, I 
hope he will be the means of great good there. 
We should, however, be very sorry to lose him, 
especially as he is a printer. 

" The brethren Colman and VVheelock, and their 
wives, are four lovely persons. We love them 
much, and are very happy in their society ; but our 
happiness is much diminished by the feeble health 
of the brethren. Brother Wheelock, particularly, 
is so consumptive, ^s to leave me but very little 
hope of his recovery. So you see that I am almost 
alone again. Suppose you should think of coming 
out, after all. But no — perhaps it is not best ; per- 
haps the cause of missions, and of Christ, requires 
that you should stay in America. I leave the mat- 
ter wholly to your decision ; circumstances qualify 
you to be the most capable judge, and I see how 
you will decide. So^ fare you well, my brother 
Rice ; and Nancy also says, fare you well. Mav 
the God of heaven bless you in all your ways; 
may he be your shield,, and your exceeding great 
reward. 



172 MEMOIRS OF 

" What shall I do with your relics? Your papers 
we have kept from the inspection of any person. 
How shall I dispose of them? Your books also? 
Those few which we owned together, I should like 
to keep as my own, if for no other reason. Camp- 
bell also, and some others, with which the mission 
is already supplied, I should Hke to retain. Say 
something on this subject. 

" I see you, pale and thin, sitting in Rolt's little 
room, and writing out texts of scripture, relating to 
the Abrahamic covenant. I see you playing the 
flute on board ship, while that queer Frenchman is 
taking you off, cap and all. I see you sitting on 
the side of Port Louis hill, looking away towards 
Madagascar, and anon towards the East. I see 
you embarking in the American vessel, when cir- 
cumstances prevented any other leave-taking than 
touching our hats. I see you seated in your wagon, 
posting through the States, now haranguing in an 
Atlantic sea-port, and now penetrating an Indian 
forest. When shall I see you next? Who can tell 
what the receding mists of futurity will disclose ? 
But one thing we know : the shades of death will 
soon gather on both our paths — will soon shroud us 
from mortal sight. Shall we then appear before 
the throne ? Shall such a sinner as I ? 0, to grace 
how great a debtor ! 

Your ever affectionate brother, 

A. JuDSON." 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 173 

Rangoon Mission House, July 5, 1819. 

^^Dear Brother Rice : — Little did we think at 
our sorrowful parting at the Isle of France., that 
almost seven years would elapse, and we should 
be still writing you. For the first two or three 
years after you left us, we hardly dared write a 
letter, thinking you would have left America before 
it would reach you; and even for the two or three 
last years, we have been hoping that unforseen 
events would transpire, which would clearly dis- 
cover to your mind, that the path of duty led direct- 
ly to Burmah. We have ever felt that though the 
breach which your absence has made in our little 
family, would be filled only by yourself, yet we 
ought to acquiesce, and quietly submit, if the ad- 
vancement of the mission made it necessary. We 
have ever been convinced, that you being on the 
ground of operation, know better than we, what 
part or parts of the missionary machine needed to 
be kept m motion, and what means were the most 
necessary to excite that motion. Hence, we have 
till now, patiently submitted to the trial which your 
long absence has occasioned. But now, my dear 
brothei' Rice, we need missionaries on the ground 
more than any thing beside. 

"At the end of six years residence in this country, 
Mr. Judson finds himself still alone in missionary 
work. He wishes now to devote all his time to 
preaching the gospel to this people. But tracts are 
to be written ; portions of scripture are to be trans- 



174 MEMOIRS OF 

lated, and many other necessary things must be 
done — but who will do them ? Besides, should he 
be sick or die, the work which is now commenced, 
would immediately stop. It is true, that one good 
missionary is on the ground, and preparing for 
future usefulness. But the weak state of his lungs 
forbids our expecting much from him in the preach- 
ing way, at least, for a few years. You, my dear 
brother, are the person that we need just in this 
stage of the mission. Your age, judgment, and 
experience, qualify you in a peculiar manner to be 
of most essential service in those cases of difficulty 
and trial, to which we are so frequently subject in 
this country. Your correct ear, and aptness for 
acquiring languages, together with the means and 
helps which Mr. J, has prepared, would enable you 
in one year from the time of your arrival, to begin 
to communicate religious truths to this perishing 
people. 

*'The w^ay seems to be opening for the spread of 
the gospel here; the few seed which have been 
sown, begin to spring up, the millenial days of the 
church are rapidly advancing ; come, O ! come, 
and reap a harvest of the souls from among the 
Burmans. We are aware that it will appear ex- 
ceedingly necessary that you should stay in Ame- 
rica, in order to keep those plans in operation, 
which you have commenced. But if you should 
come, would not God raise up some one to fill your 
place? Will not others feel more the necessity of 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 175 

actual exertion, when they see that those duties 
which devolved on you, are left for their perfor- 
mance? The mantle of Elijah needed not to be 
worn by an Elisha, while in possession of its ori- 
ginal owner ; so no young man will feel the neces- 
sity of taking your place, till they see it vacated by 
your absence. 

"I will urge two reasons more, and I have done. 
1st. This is a delightful climate. The liver com- 
plaint is never known here, Europeans can bear 
the heat of the sun in the middle of the day, without 
feeling the least injurious effect. Instances of lon- 
gevity among the natives, are numerous; perhaps, 
more so, than in any part of the world. Accord- 
ing to the course of nature, a missionary whose 
constitution is good, has greater prospect of a hng 
life, than in most other missionary stations. 2d. It 
is a good situation to grow in grace, and prepare 
for heaven. Here, we see the destructive, the fatal 
effects of sin, when left to rage without the restraints 
which the gospel imposes. Here we see the worth, 
the preciousncss of that grace, which, while it 
leaves some to be filled with their own devices, 
raises others from the lowest state of degradation, 
and qualifies them to become partakers of that hap- 
piness which is kept in reversion for those who love 
God. 

**Here too, we are compelled from day to day to 
trust in the mighty arm of Jehovah for support and 
protection, and to depend entirely on him for the 



176 MEMOIRS OF 

outpouring of the spirit, without the influences of 
which, our most persevering exertions to convert 
the heathen, will prove ineffectual. Come then, 
dear brother, and spend your last days in using 
those means for bestowing happiness on others, 
which are the most directly calculated to advance 
personal piety, and a preparation for eternal glory. 
Ever affectionately yours, 

Nancy Judson." 

Closing his report for 1817, he says : "Since the 
date of my letter of the 19th of June, 1816, 1 have 
travelled 6,600 miles — in populous and in dreary 
portions of country — through wildernesses and over 
rivers — across mountains and valleys — in heat and 
cold — by day and by night — in weariness, and pain- 
fulness, and fastings, and loneliness ; but not a mo- 
ment has been lost for want of health ; no painful 
calamity has fallen to my lot ; no peril has closed 
upon me ; nor has fear been permitted to prey on 
my spirits ; nor even inquietude to disturb my peace. 
Indeed, constantly has the favorable countenance 
of society towards the great objects of the mission 
animated my hopes, while thousands of condescend- 
ing personal attentions and benefits to myself and 
the cause, have awakened emotions, which it is 
alike impossible to conceal, or to find terms suffi- 
ciently delicate and expressive to declare ; and the 
fact, that although so large a portion of the whole 
time has been unavoidably taken up in passing 
from place to place, I have, besides many other 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 177 

aids and liberalities, received for the missionary 
object> in cash and subscriptions, more than four 
thousand dollars, could not fail to create a con- 
fidence of success in the general concern, which 
nothing but a reverse, most unlikely to occur, 
can possibly destroy. This fact, too, is the more 
animating and sustaining, because, while the sum 
is but little larger than what passed through my 
hands last year, the time of collecting it has been 
considerably shorter, and a much smaller propor- 
tion of it consists of remittances from mission 
societies ; remittances being this year made by the 
delegates to the convention. This, therefore, in 
conjunction with the multiplying of mission socie- 
ties, especially considering some other things not 
necessary to be here mentioned, marks decisively a 
regular growing increase of evangelic missionary 
zeal ; and who can repress the exclamation — *the 
Lord hath done great things for us ! blessed be the 
Lord God, who only doeth wondrous things ; and 
let the whole earth be filled w^ith his glory !' " 

About this time, Mr. Rice suggested the plan of 
issuing under the patronage of the Boaixl, a quarterly 
publication, the object of which should be to diffuse 
information on the subject of missions. Such a 
periodical was commenced, entitled the Latter Day 
Luminary, which was ably conducted, and greatly 
promotive of the important object for which it was 
originated. In the following extract of a letter, 
dated October 24, 1817, he refers to this subject. 
16 



178 MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 

<*The good hand of the Lord has been upon me 
ever since parting with you. His continued and 
multiplied favors claim unceasing exalted grati- 
tude, love, and obedience. O that I were more as 
I ought to be? 

**You will perceive by the foregoing proposals, 
that the plan of a quarterly publication, on account 
of which my late visit to Boston was undertaken, 
has succeeded ; this of course will be an object of 
much attention and labor with me in connection 
w^ith other objects to which my life is devoted. 
The arrangements of the business will require me 
to visit Philadelphia once a quarter, and to spend 
perhaps rather more than a fourth part of my time 
in that city. At the Hartford Association, we had a 
happy season, also at the Philadelphia Association, 
and at the Dover Association in Virginia, all of 
which I have visited since leaving Northborough. 
At the last mentioned, the collection for the mission 
amounted to $272. 

"My route onward will take me into North 
Carolina, then back again north-westwardly to 
Pittsburg, through Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, and 
into Georgia, and then back again to Philadelphia." 



CHAPTER IX. 

NECESSITY OF MINISTERIAL EDUCATION FELT BY MR. 

RICE HISTORY OF DENOMINATION REFERRED TO 

EFFORTS TO ROUSE THE CHURCHES TO ACTION- 
SEMINARY OPENED IN PHILADELPHIA LETTER- 
PURCHASE OF LOT IN WASHINGTON COLLEGE BUILD- 
INGS COMMENCED RESOLUTION OF CONVENTION IN 

1820 CHARTER OBTAINED COLLEGE OPENED— FLAT- 
TERING PROSPECTS MR. RICE APPOINTED AGENT 

AND TREASURER COLUMBIAN STAR COMMENCED. 

During the extensive and frequent tours which 
Mr. Rice was compelled to make in the prosecution 
of Iiis agency, he perceived among the rapidly 
growing churches of the Baptist denomination, a 
need for systematic exertions to improve the rising 
ministry. This necessity had been increasing, with 
the advances which the various orders of society 
were making in general knowledge. The time had 
passed by when those who filled the offices of public 
teachers, could expect, without intelligence or edu- 
cation, to gain the ear of the community. God had 
in a very signal manner given testimony of his 
approbation to many unlearned, but faithful men, 
who in the earher history of our country, when 
society generally was in a crude and unimproved 
state, had gone forth, declaring the unsearchable 
riches of Christ. 



180 MEMOIRS OF 

That these men should have obtained the confi- 
dence and attention of society, may be attributed in 
some measure to peculiar circumstances. They 
were in some parts of our country the victims of 
cruel persecution : and the endeavour being made 
to coerce them into submission by the dominant 
religionists of the day, they naturally became the 
objects of sympathy. All were inclined to give 
them an opportunity of vindicating their sentiments, 
in many instances for no other reason than because 
they had been so violently opposed. Though they 
could not compare with their opposers in respect to 
wealth and education, in other particulars they 
were far superior. With good physical constitu- 
tions, and naturally vigorous minds, there was felt 
and manifested a zealous regard for the divine will. 
They had not only been baptised in water, but into 
the spirit of Christ their Lord. 

While on the one hand, they saw in too many 
instances, the office of the ministry occupied by 
bigoted, or indolent and vicious men, on the other 
they discovered crowds, unwarned, pressing down 
to death. Under these circumstances they could 
not consent to remain silent. Constrained by the 
love of Christ, and by love to souls, they lifted up 
their voices to warn and persuade their fellow- 
men to flee the wrath to come. Neither flatteries 
nor frowns could deter them from fulfilling their 
work. Crowds waited on their ministrations, and 
the truth proclaimed in simplicity and godly since- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 181 

rity, was rendered effectual by the divine blessing 
unto conversion. The triumphs of the cross conti- 
nued to extend into those more newly settled portions 
of our country, where even the forms of religion 
were almost unknown. 

It will not be surprising that the success of 
these men, especially when compared with the little 
effected by those w^ho w^ere better educated, should 
induce a state of mind unfavorable to the mental 
improvement of the ministry. While the pioneers 
were not opposed to learning, but lamented its ab- 
sence in regard to themselves, their successors w^ere 
in danger of undervaluing it, and of faihng to use 
such means of cultivation as were within their 
reach. This, to some extent, was the fact. In 
many portions of our country, little or no syste- 
matic effort had been made to elevate the standard 
of ministerial improvement. This was seen by the 
subject of this memoir, and his heart was moved to 
attempt a change. Although he was not permitted 
to witness the completion of his wishes, it cannot 
be doubted, that to him, more than any other man, 
may he attributed the change which has been effected 
in our denomination. Wherever he went, east or 
west, north or south, he brought the subject of min- 
isterial improvement before the minds of his breth- 
ren, not merely in his public addresses, but in 
conversation, and in extensive correspondence by 

letter. 

16^ 



182 MEMOIRS OF 

At an early period of his efforts to promote the 
cause of education, a school was opened in Phila- 
delphia, for the instruction of young men devoted 
to the ministry, under the care of Rev. Dr. Staugh- 
ton and Rev. Ira Chase. Having seen such an 
institution commenced, he determined to spare no 
pains in promoting its interests. Reference is 
made to this subject in the extract of a letter that 
follows. 

Pittsburg, Pa. February 22, 1819. 

" Very dear Brother : — On arriving in Phila- 
delphia lately, I found your welcome letter, and 
meant to have replied before leaving the city. I 
often look forward in the hope that the time shall 
ere long arrive w^hen I can have a little leisure. 
As yet, however, things appear to be tending in the 
opposite direction, and concerns and labors are 
multiplying on my poor hands, rather than lessen- 
ing. Indeed, I see no reason to calculate on any 
other than a life of toil and exertion to the end of 
it. It is, I hope, a happiness to me, rather than a 
burden, to labor in so glorious a cause. 

*' I am now on a tour to the west and south, and 
hope to be back again to Philadelphia by the first 
of May. 

" The missionary cause is still going on well. 
An institution for improving the education of the 
ministry, connected with the Board of Missions, is 
now in operation ; five or six students are there 
already, and more are expected soon. This object 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 183 

I regard as very important, but to carry it forward 
will require a great deal of effort." 

That the reader may be in possession of the sen- 
timents of the Convention, at their second triennial 
meeting in 1820, and thus learn more definitively 
the extent of Mr. Rice's influence, in relation to the 
subject of education, an extract from their address 
will here be inserted. At this time the students at 
the institution in Philadelphia had increased to the 
number of eighteen. 

" We are far from thinking that learning can 
make a minister of Christ ; we are assured that un- 
sanctified Uterature, as well as superior talents, ele- 
vated stations, riches, and worldly honors, may 
prove a great curse; and that it has been often 
abused to the vilest of purposes. It is still one of 
the excellent attainments of the christian, he must 
add, to his faith and virtue, knowledge. It enters 
into the character of those able pastors promised 
by God to his church — they are to feed men with 
knowledge. Ministers, according to our sentiments, 
must be gracious men, renewed and sanctified by 
the spirit of God ; they must possess gifts from 
Christ for their oflSce, and must be called of God 
to engage in it. But these gifts they may either 
neglect or improve, according to the intimation 
given in the exhortations of Paul to Timothy: 'Ne- 
glect not the gift that is in thee ;' 'Give attention 
to reading, to exhortation, to doctrine ;' 'Study to 
show thyself approved unto God, a workman that 



184 MEMOIRS OF 

needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the 
word of truth;' ^Meditate on these things — give 
thyself wholly to them, that thy profiting may ap- 
pear to all.' Here their duty, as well as danger, is 
described. The word of God declares, that the 
pastor must not be a novice ; that he must be apt 
to teach, and must speak in a manner easy to be 
understood — which no man can do, unless he is 
well acquainted with the subject on which he dis- 
courses." 

iSuch was the success of these incipient mea- 
sures, and such the encouragement furnished by 
the churches, that it was deemed expedient to at- 
tempt the origination of a college at some central 
point, from which a beneficial influence might go 
forth to every part of the land. In looking round 
for a suitable location, many interested in the object, 
w^ere impressed with the belief that none more eli- 
gible could be found than the city of Washington. 
The following paper, prepared in 1819, will indicate 
the manner in which the present site of the Colum- 
bian College was selected : 

^^ Lot of land adjoining the city of Washington, 
for a College and Theological Institution. — It is 
understood that a lot suitable for the above men- 
tioned purposes, every way eligible, may be ob- 
tained for six thousand dollars :■ — We, the subscri- 
bers, therefore, deeply impressed with the impor- 
tance of procuring such a lot, for such object, do 
solemnly pledge ourselves to make purchase of said 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 185 

lot for said object, provided adequate funds for the 
same shall be confided to us — it being distinctly un- 
derstood and engaged that said lot shall be for the 
use of a college, and of a theological institution, 
under the direction of the ' General Missionary 
Convention of the Baptist denomination in the 
United States.' 

Signed O. B. Brown, 

Luther Rice, 
Enoch Reynolds, 
S. H. Cone." 

Writing to his brother shortly after, Mr. Rice 
says : '*We have at present, fifteen students at Phi- 
ladelphia, in a course of education suited to the 
ministr}', and have bought a piece of land near the 
city of Washington, on which, to place buildings 
to accommodate the institution. My poor hands 
are more than full, but I hope much good will be 
done." 

In his report at the meeting of the convention, in 
May, 1820, reference is thus made to the same sub- 
ject : "It has afforded me no small pleasure to find 
it convenient, incidentally to the other matters on 
hand, to bestow some attention on the object of 
providing at Washington, a site for the institution 
to promote the education of the ministry, and ulti- 
matelv for the foundation of a college, under the 
direction of the general convention. Considerations 
of no ordinary influence, induced the brethren. 
Brown, Cone, Revnolds, and myself, to open a 



186 MEMOIRS OP 

subscription paper for this purpose. The success 
has amply justified our calculations. 

*^To pay for the ground, or lot of 46| acres, to 
erect a building — to endow a professorship, and for 
some other points in the general concern, nearly 
$10,000 have already been subscribed, and part of 
it paid. This being the result of the incidental at- 
tention of an individual, w^ith comparatively little 
aid from others, and that too, for but little more 
than half a year, demonstrates the practicability of 
accomplishing a most^ important object in a short 
time. Thus far, the hand of a kind Providence has 
signally favored the design. A building has already 
been commenced, 116 by 47, which will contain 
rooms enough to accommodate from eighty to one 
hundred students. It only wants the countenance 
of the convention, with the blessing of heaven, to 
insure complete success. 

^'In closing this communication, suffer me to 
express the deep impression I cannot but feel, that 
the arrival of the period of this convention, brings 
with it a crisis, particularly in relation to the edu- 
cation of pious young brethren in the ministry, of 
the utmost moment. May the blessed Redeemer 
preside in the meeting, and direct to the adoption 
of such measures as shall promote the prosperity of 
Zion, and the display of his own glory." 

So important did the convention assembled in 
Philadelphia, consider the project of locating an 
institution at Washington, that to enable them to 



hev. Luther rice* 187 

embrace it in their regular operations, they pro- 
ceeded to alter their constitution, and to adopt the 
following resolutions : 

"1. Resolved y That the Institution for the edu- 
cation of gospel ministers, be located at the city of 
Washington, or in its vicinity, in the District of 
Columbia ; and that the Board be directed to cause 
its removal thither whenever suitable preparations 
shall be made for its reception in that place, and 
when, in their opinion, such removal shall be deem- 
ed expedient. 

**2. Resolved^ That this convention accept of the 
premises tendered to them for the site of an insti- 
tution for the education of gospel ministers, and for 
a college, adjoining the city of Washington ; and 
that the Board be directed to take measures, as 
soon as convenient, for obtaining a legal title to the 
same. And that the Board be further directed, to 
keep the institution, already in a state of progress, 
first in view, and not to incur expenses beyond the 
amount of funds which may be obtained for the 
establishment of either of the institutions." 

The Board proceeded at once, to carry out the 
instructions of the convention, by the erection of a 
college building, 117 feet in length, and 47 feet in 
breadth, containing accommodations for about one 
hundred students, and costing about $30,000. Be- 
side this, they caused also to be erected, two houses, 
25 by 40 feet, two stories high, for the use of the 
professors. All these were so far in progress at the 



188 MEMOIRS OF 

time of the meeting of the Board, in 1821, that a 
committee appointed for the purpose, report in the 
following commendatory language : 

**The committee on the general literary concerns 
of the convention, respectfully report : That having 
examined and duly considered the various docu- 
ments w^hich have been laid before them in relation 
to that subject, they cannot refrain from express- 
ing the high satisfaction which they feel, in com- 
mon with other members of the Board, in witness- 
ing the rapid progress of the establishment at Wash- 
ington, and the harmony which has attended all its 
movements. The proceedings of the trustees, which 
appear to have been marked with the greatest 
mianiniity, are entirely satisfactory to the commit- 
tee ; and the prospect of bringing into successful 
operation at an early period, both branches of a 
seminary, w4:iich promises extensive usefulness, in 
promoting knowledge among those who are the 
future hope of the church ; and in the more effec- 
tual preparation for the sacred work of those, who 
are destined bv the God of Zion, to bear the tidiness 
of salvation to dying sinners, both in our land, and 
in foreio^n resrions, should be res:arded as an event 

CD CD -^ O 

propitious to our w^arn:iest desires, demanding our 
fervent gratitude to the Father of all mercies." 

In referring to the rise and early history of the 
Columbian College, it may be stated, that the plan 
on w^hich it was commenced, has never been com- 
pleted. Had the institution gone forward accord- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 189 

ing to the sanguine expectations of its friends, seve- 
ral other buildings, on an enlarged scale, would 
have been erected. "All the buildings," in the lan- 
guage of the superintending committee, "were in- 
tended to range with the cardinal points of the 
compass, and to exhibit the best possible view from 
every direction, combining economy, utility, con- 
venience, and magnificence." That these objects 
might have been secured, no one who understands 
the plan, and has seen the location, can fail to 
acknowledge. 

Having obtained a charter, the regular college 
exercises commenced on the second Wednesday in 
January, 1822, under the direction of an able fa- 
culty. Mr. Rice was appointed agent and trea- 
surer, and the prospects of the institution were, for 
two or three years, truly jfiattering. Referring to 
this fact in his annual report for 1823, he thus re- 
marks: "The concerns of the Columbian College 
have necessarily engaged a large portion of my 
attention. The success, however, has surpassed, 
by far, what was contemplated at the last meeting 
of the convention. Little was it then expected, that 
by the time of the present meeting, about sixty stu- 
dents should be found in the institution, and a junior 
class half way through its year. Great exertions 
have been requisite in the financial department, and 
great difficulties have been encountered, but the 
good hand of the Lord has been signally manifest 
and favorable. 
17 



190 MEMOIRS OF 

"Although encompassed with infirmities and im- 
perfections, I have endeavored to apply the feeble 
talents allotted me by the great Arbiter of all things, 
faithfully and diligently, to the objects of my ap- 
pointment. For innumerable instances of kindness 
from my friends and the public, and for the con- 
tinued and abundant mercies of the Lord, I v^ould 
fain express the gratitude which I ought to feel." 

At the meeting of the convention in 1823, a 
resolution was adopted, expressive of gratitude for 
the "generous devotion of the agent to the college, 
and other concerns of the convention, manifested 
by the appropriation of his whole time and com- 
pensation to promote their interests." 

An important object which about this period 
engaged the attention of Mr. Rice, was the origi- 
nation and circulation of a weekly periodical, enti- 
tled the Columbian Star. It was published at 
Washington, under the editorial management of 
the Rev. James D. Knowles, and subsequently. 
Rev. Baron Stow. 

This chapter will close by extracts of letters 
from Mr. Judson. Writing from Rangoon under 
date of May 7 th, 1821, he says : "I frequently wish 
that I had seen Philadelphia and Washington, and 
the scenes among which you are so much employ- 
ed, that I might be able to form a more definite 
idea of your situation and movements. And I wish 
too, that you had once been in Rangoon, that you 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 191 

might sometimes look away and see the kyoung, 
which is my house ; and zayat, which is my office. 
I am now writing in the zayat, at one of those lit- 
tle tables that you bought at the Isle of France. It 
is almost the only thing that remains of our com- 
mon property. Time and worms have devastated 
trunks, and books, &c. ; and they will soon treat 
our bodies in the same manner — will they not my 
brother ? But there is a world, where moth and 
rust corrupt not, and there I will introduce you to 
my precious little Burman church ; and there they 
will meet their now unknown benefactor, of whom, 
I sometimes tell them.^' 

In another lettter, dated Rangoon, February 6th, 
1822, he remarks : "I have received your two short, 
and almost illegible letters of last March, and it is 
hardly necessary for me to say, how fully I enter 
into all your views and wishes in regard to the 
new college, and w^hatever tends to raise the cha- 
racter of the Baptist denomination, and promote 
the cause of Christ at large, in the United States. 
Your labors will be ultimately appreciated, and the 
page of history will do you ample justice, notwith- 
standing the dissentient voice of the narrow-minded 
of the present day. Only be not elated by any 
success ; walk softly before God ; and forget not , 
amid the hurry of business, to cultivate that daily 
communion with the Lord and Saviour, which is 
the life and happiness of the soul. 



192 MEMOIRS OF 

"I wished that we might live and labor together ; 
but I hope, that though separated, we are both 
doing important service for the same master, and 
perhaps, in ways best adapted to our respective 
capacities. I little thought when the boat rowed 
away from the ship in the harbor of Port Louis, 
and I left you standing on the deck, that I should 
see your face no more. Poor Nancy has gone on 
a pilgrimage for health and life, to the shrine of old 
England. Perhaps she will visit America, but I 
expect that she will return from England in the 
same ship. Her absence is universally regretted 
by our Burman acquaintance. Many of them come 
to see me, apparently for no other purpose, than to 
inquire whether there is any news from Mummah, 
(Madam,) as she is called." 

He thus closes a communication written August 
1st, 1828: ^*My last from you, was dated May 
15th, 1822. You are evidentlv absorbed in the 
college. But it is a great and worthy object ; 
and there is no truer maxim, that a man never 
does any thing to purpose, unless his whole soul 
is in it. Only let not your multifarious concerns 
interrupt communion with God, and the daily 
enjoyment of closet religion. Soon, my brother, 
all these visible scenes will be passed away, and 
many of the objects which now assume an over- 
whelming importance, will, in the calm light of 
eternity, appear to have been empty bubbles, blown 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 193 

into great consequence by our own foolish pas- 
sions. Thus let me preach to you, and thus I 
desire to preach to myself. I hope that Mrs. J. 
will return, accompanied by one or two good 
missionaries. I cannot help indulging a faint hope 
that you will come yourself. 

Most affectionately and ever yours, 

A. JUDSON.*' 



17# 



CHAPTER X. 

INCREASING INTEREST OF MR. RICE IN THE PROSPERITY 
OF THE COLLEGE PERSONAL EFFORTS ON ITS BE- 
HALF CONTRACT FOR ADDITIONAL BUILDINGS 

HEAVY DEBT CREATED PUBLIC CONFIDENCE DIMI- 
NISHED—SICKNESS OF MR. RICE — SEPARATION OF 
COLLEGE FROM CONVENTION UNPLEASANT DIFFE- 
RENCES OF OPINION RESIGNATION OF FACULTY 

VARIOUS AGENCIES EMPLOYED PREFERENCE TO THE 

VARIOUS CAUSES OF EMBARRASSMENT — THE MOTIVES 

AND CONDUCT OF MR. RICE IN THESE DIFFICULTIES 

HIS UNDIMINISHED ZEAL TO SERVE THE INSTITU- 
TION LETTER TO A FRIEND SANGUINE HOPE OF 

ULTIMATE SUCCESS. 

It has been already intimated, that in carrying 
forward the Colunibian College to that maturity 
which would make it a general blessing to the 
denomination, and the world, Mr. Rice was ready 
to make every personal sacrifice. The object 
w^hich filled his eye and heart, was a noble one, 
and with steady aim he directed all his efforts to 
its accomplishment. The amount of labor per- 
formed by him at this period, far exceeded all 
his previous eflforts, and in many instances, was 
almost incredible. In addition to the mission agency 
which he still held, nearly the whole dependence 
of the college, for funds, rested upon him. Scarce- 



MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 195 

ly allowing time for meals ar repose, he was con- 
tinually employed in travelling from place to place,, 
and conducting a coiTespondence with persons in 
all parts of the United States. 

Up to the convention meeting, in 1823,. the ex- 
pectations of the friends of the college were fully 
realized. Although at that time, a debt of §30,000 
had been contracted, a confident belief was enter- 
tained, that it would become all its warmest sup- 
porters could desire. But it was destined to pass 
through the most trying adversity. Notwithstand- 
ing the large amount already due^ in consequence 
of the continued increase of students in 1824, the 
Board contracted for the erection of another spa- 
cious building, depending alone on funds yet uncol- 
lected, and even not yet subscribed. From this 
period, the institution began to retrogade. The 
pecuniary liabilities of the Board were every day 
increasing,^ while public confidence was suffering 
continual diminutian. In the midst of these unex- 
pected reverses, some unhappy diflferences arose 
among the faculty and board of trustees, which 
increased the peril of the institution. The new 
building which had gone up a single story, involv- 
ing a serious expense, was suspended, while the 
number of students in attendance had considerably 
diminished. 

In the midst of these difficultiesy Mr. Rice was 
brought to the borders of the grave by sickness,, 
supposed to be brought on by anxiety of mind 



196 MEMOIRS OF 

together with the increased exertions he felt himself 
connpelled to make. The following letter addressed 
to his brother will furnish some idea of the state of 
his mind at this crisis. 

"You have probably heard that I have been sick, 
I was confined to the house three weeks. It was 
an attack of fever which threatened to become a 
fatal typhus — for a few days it was thought by my- 
self and by my friends, a very doubtful case, 
whether I should recover. But the Lord has shown 
his great mercy in the case and I am now well 
again, though I have not yet gained my usual 
strength. I experienced great mercy, too, when at 
the lowest point, for which I desire to be thankful ; 
for although distinctly sensible of the danger of my 
situation, and quite doubtful in my own mind 
which way the case would turn, I felt, I trust a 
heavenly calm, and composure of spirit, and resig- 
nation to the blessed will of the Lord, and no alarm 
at the idea of dying. I endeavored at that solemn 
moment, to examine distinctly the ground of my 
hope, and blessed be the Lord, it remained unsha- 
ken ! I would fain hope the life spared by his com- 
passion, may be more entirely consecrated to the 
glory and service of the adorable Redeemer." 

At the meeting of the convention 1826, it was 
ascertained, much to the regret of all, that the debt 
had greatly increased. By the discussion of college 
concerns, involving as they did many conflicting 
interests, the proceedings were marked by less har- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 197 

mony than usual. After a protracted considera- 
tion of the subject, it was deemed most expedient 
to separate the educational from the missionary 
operations, making the latter a distinct and exclu- 
sive object, to which the convention should bend its 
efforts. Over the college the convention w^as to 
exercise no control, except to nominate persons, 
from among whom the Board of trustees were 
to be chosen. 

The dissatisfaction existing between various 
persons connected with the institution continued to 
increase, until it resulted in the resignation of the 
faculty, and part of the Board. Others were ap- 
pointed in their places, and to satisfy those who 
thought Mr. Rice had been worthy of blame in these 
difficulties, he consented to resign as general agent 
and treasurer. The Rev. Elon Galusha was ap- 
pointed temporarily to fill these offices. In 1827, 
Rev. Robert B. Semple was appointed president of 
the Board and general agent, and to superintend its 
interests removed to Washington. Mr. Rice con- 
tinued to collect funds without being expected to 
exercise any control in their disbursement. With 
praiseworthy zeal, Mr. Galusha, Mr. Ball, and Mr. 
Clopton, succeeded in obtaining the sum of $30,000, 
mostly in New York and the southern states. In 
1831, Mr. Semple died, having previously resigned 
his agency. The Rev. Abner W. Clopton, consent- 
ed to assume the management of the pecuniary 
interests of the institution, and to attempt its final 



198 MEMOIRS OF 

release from embarrassment. But very soon after 
a plan which he suggested was beginning to promise 
successful deliverance, he was unexpectedly remo- 
ved by the hand of death. 

This series of painful disappointments in regard 
to the college, were sufficient to discourage the 
hearts, and to paralyze the hands of its friends. But 
Mr. Rice still retained his confidence that its rescue 
would be effected. Shortly after the decease of the 
lamented Clopton, in a letter to a friend, he thus 
expresses the sentiments of his heart. 

Augusta, Georgia, JMay 4thy 1833. 

"Very dear Brother: — It is with much satis- 
faction I can now state to you, that the sum of 
$2,000, with interest from the 1st of January, 1833, 
has been furnished by our brethren and friends in 
South Carolina, and has been already transmitted to 
the treasurer, towards the final payment of the debts 
of the Columbian College in the District of Columbia. 
The pledge of our brother, the Rev. R. M. Todd, 
of Cambridge, S. C, has been thus promptly re- 
deemed, as one of twelve to raise $24,000. All the 
others will, no doubt, also be fully redeemed in due 
time. 

"Although the deeply lamented death of brother 
Clopton may somewhat retard the arrival of the 
hour of completing the payment of all the debts of 
the institution, an impulse has been given to the 
concern, which will, with the blessing of God, I am 
persuaded, carry the business forward without any 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 199 

material interruption or delay to this happy result. 
Thus the investigations, arrangements, and incipient 
endeavors of brother Clopton, will prove of great 
and effectual benefit; and I am convinced that 
nothing is wanting, under God, on the part of those 
who are variouslv connected with the case, but to 
press right on vigorously with the engagements and 
materials arranged, or in prospect, in order to carry 
the matter directly through, and to accomplish the 
all-important object of the undertaking. And who 
can say that it has not been the sovereign pleasure 
of the Almighty, therefore, to remove our dear bro- 
ther, in w^hom all had so much confidence, very 
distinctly for the sake of showing that all means 
and instruments are nothing but what he makes 
them; that he can fulfil his purpose in ways to 
human view unlikely — by means, to human view 
insufficient and unpromising ! 

" Verily, * The Lord^s hand is not shortened, that 
it cannot save ; neither his ear heavy, that it cannot 
hear.^ Let us call to remembrance the case of 
Gideon's army, David, and many other instances ; 
betake ourselves to earnest prayer, and cherish a 
submissive, holy confidence in God, that he will 
bring to pass that which is good. Indeed, I have 
so often marked the evident interposition of the 
divine hand in the affairs of that college — to give 
a favorable turn to a perilous crisis — that my per- 
fect confidence as to the ultimate relief and useful- 
ness of the institution seems not, in the smallest 



200 MEMOIRS OF 

degree, shaken by the late truly afflictive event ; — 
nay, I had almost said, it is even increased, strength- 
ened, and confirmed. 

" One circumstance gives me particular encou- 
ragement and satisfaction : the number of young 
ministers, as w^ell as other students, is increasing at 
the college. This will tend to enhance the energy 
and effect of prayer, on w^hich the greatest rehance 
ought to be placed, touching the prosperity of the 
institution. Let me add — for the consideration can- 
not be too deeply impressed — the proper collegiate 
education of young ministers is, v^ith me, the essen- 
tial and paramount object of all my exertions. 

**In affectionate christian regard, very sincerely, 
yours, Luther Ricet." 

It will here be proper to institute some inquiries 
in relation to the causes which led to such serious 
pecuniary embarrassments, in connection with the 
Columbian College. It would not be doing justice 
to the memory of its distinguished founder, or to 
the denomination with which in some measure it 
has been identified, if the biographer should allow 
this subject to pass without comment. Delicate 
and difficult as the task may be, faithfulness requires 
that it shall be attempted. 

At one period in the history of the college, there 
was entertained towards Mr. Rice, by many of his 
brethren, a strong feeling of disapprobation. They 
were inclined to impute to him a large share of the 
censure in that succession of calamities which befel 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 201 

the college. By some, he was treated in a man- 
ner approaching to harshness, and even virulence ; 
others, again, were inclined to view him with a 
partial eye, and to consider his whole course as 
faultless. They regarded him, in all respects, as 
an injured man. The acrimonious feelings engen- 
dered by this controversy were, happily, not of long 
continuance. A calm survey of the whole transac- 
tion, since the excitement has passed away, fur- 
nishes abundant evidence that if there were blame 
to rest upon any, it mighf justly be borne by all who 
were prominently engaged in the enterprise. 

That the subject of this memoir erred, none can 
doubt. This he himself believed. His expecta- 
tions were too sanguine ; and in the pecuniary 
management of the institution he was not sufficient- 
ly cautious. He was willing to assume too much 
responsibility in the erection of the buildings, and 
thus incurring heavy expenses, without an imme- 
diate prospect of funds to meet them. In taking 
such a course, he was not without a confident reli- 
ance on his own ability to obtain sufficient contri- 
butions from the friends of learning, to liquidate 
whatever debt might be contracted. In all this, the 
error he committed was an error of judgment. 
While there was allowed a degree of heedlessness 
in the accumulation of debt, he was, nevertheless, 
governed by motives of a high and noble character. 
The good of the denomination, and the prosperity 
of the Redeemer's kingdom, were the great objects 
18 



202 MEMOIRS OF 

he sought to accomplish ; and, if he merited cen- 
sure for injudiciously contracting these liabilities, 
he was not alone in the imprudence. There were 
others who were entitled to an equal share of the 
blame. 

Another respect in which the course of Mr. Rice 
may be considered as liable to serious objection, 
consisted in the manner of conducting his agency. 
The sanguineness of his hopes, and the confidence 
he had in his own ability to carry forward the 
scheme to its ultimate triumph, prevented him from 
making a candid representation of the real state of 
things. Accustomed, himself, to look on the bright 
side, and knowing how easily the public mind be- 
comes discouraged by the appearance of obstacles, 
he was prone to place the condition of the college 
in a more favorable light than facts would warrant. 
This was true in regard to his appeals to the public, 
and in his reports to the Board as agent. 

While these things are alleged, it cannot be con- 
cealed that others who had the management of the 
institution, very greatly erred in allowing him to 
sustain so much of the burden, incident to the erec- 
tion of the buildings, the support of the faculty, and 
the payment of the debts. And at the time when 
a system of retrenchment had just been commenced ; 
when vigorous efforts were about to be made by 
him, especially, to raise funds in the south for the 
entire extinguishment of the debt; such was the 
strong feeling indulged against him, that he was 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 203 

called home, and detained there for a series of 
months m the investigations of his accounts. 

With the management of the institution he ought 
to have had nothing to do. As a financier, he cer- 
tainly did not excel. The formation of contracts, 
and the disbursement of funds, should have been 
committed to other hands, not even should the 
duties of treasurer have devolved on him ; simply 
for this reason, that all these varied labors were 
far more than any one man could perform. The 
agency alone was sufficient to engross his undivided 
energies. 

If the Board had resolutely required him to con- 
fine his attention to the duties of the agency, while 
a rigid and cautious economy characterized all 
their expenditures, there is reason to believe, the 
melancholy passages in the history of the college 
had never been written. Mr. Rice w^ould thus 
have found ample scope for his noble talents ; not 
only in directing and increasing the benevolence of 
the churches throughout our land, but in awaken- 
ing a greater desire to improve the rising ministry, 
and to advance in generaly the interests of educa- 
tion. Instead of this, the labors he performed were 
sufficient to wear out five men of vigorous minds 
and iron constitutions. So far from complaining 
that so httle was done, we have reason to be sur- 
prised, that under all the circumstances, he accom- 
plished so much. 



204 MEMOIRS OF 

The most searching investigations of his conduct 
in connection with the embarrassment of the college, 
leave not the shadow of suspicion on his integrity. 
Never was man less tinctured with mere worldly 
selfishness. In his whole history as agent, he Hte- 
rally sought not his own ; and as the event has 
proved, for years actually toiled without fee or 
reward, beyond his personal expenses. The real 
amount of sacrifice and suffering he endured in 
performing what he thought to be his duty, w411 
never be known until the last day. 

That the observations just made respecting the 
causes of embarrassment, are in accordance with 
the views entertained by Mr. Rice himself, will 
appear from the following extract of a letter writ- 
ten by him to a friend, on this subject. 

"Very dear Brother : — Permit me to present 
to you a brief explanation concerning the Colum- 
bian College ; although a painful task, as it must 
place the conduct of all parties in an unfavorable 
aspect, connected with a result truly mournful ! 

"1st. Four unfortunate errors produced in the 
first instance, the embarrassment of the institution, 
viz: going in debt, too much cost and parade of 
faculty, incautiously crediting students and support- 
ing beneficiaries without means, and my remaining 
so much of my time at the college to assist in ma- 
naging its affairs, instead of being constantly out 
collecting funds. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 205 

'<2d. This erroneous course was fallen into more 
readily, because at the time, funds were circulating 
freely through the community, and subscriptions 
and collections were easily obtained. But when 
debts had been contracted, an over proportion of 
faculty employed, students largely indulged on cre- 
dit w4th beneficiaries on hand, a great change took 
place in the financial condition of the whole coun- 
try ; still hoping this state of things would prove 
only temporary, the corrective was not immediately 
applied, as it ought to have been, and serious em- 
barrassment, at length, began to be felt." 

This extract shows beyond the power of miscon- 
ception, his own impression, that with others, he 
had erred in some things connected with the eleva- 
tion of the college. From the whole financial his- 
tory of this institution, we may infer that there was 
much improper management, and all the facts of 
the case, justify the conclusion, that there was too 
great haste to make it a highly popular institution. 
Those who were most intimately connected with its 
rise and early history, have been themselves ready 
to acknowledge, that too much of ostentation was 
intermingled with their operations. Beside, there 
is reason to believe, that this, his favorite project, 
began to occupy too large a place in the attention 
of the subject of this memoir. It might have been 
better to allow the college to gain gradually upon 
the aflfections of the denomination, and thus by de- 
grees, to reach that elevated position which would 
18^ 



206 MEMOIRS OF 

have given it influence, and insured its usefulness, 
while a considerable portion of his time should still 
be consecrated to the mis&ion cause. 

There is, however, a misapprehension into which 
the reader may be led, in surveying the details of 
disappointment and adversity that marked the his- 
tory of the college. It may be supposed, that its 
reverses were wholly the result of the imprudences 
to which reference has been made. This is far 
from being the fact. The want of success in li- 
quidating the debt, may be attributed to another 
cause. When the college was projected, there 
were but few denominational seminaries of learn- 
ing in our land, and it was intended to make this a 
great national institution, which should mainly sup- 
ply our exigencies. But subsequently, local insti- 
tutions have sprung up in different parts of our 
country, and each state has been required to foster 
that which wa& within its own precincts. Thus 
the Columbian College, belonging to no particular 
section, but to the whole, has been left to feel the 
withering influence of neglect. 

It ought too, to be borne in mind by the reader, 
that numerous as have been the calamities which 
this institution has suffered, it has been most signal- 
ly honored of God, in sending from its walls some 
of the brightest and best in our own, or any other 
denomination. It would be invidious to mention 
names. Several of her alumni have closed a use- 
ful course in their master's service, and are now 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 207 

reaping their i^ewrtrd on high ; while many others 
in different parts of oui' country^ are bearing the 
standard of truth, and waging a deadly war against 
the powers of darkness. And the hope may be 
justly entertained, that from these halls of learning, 
many are yet to go forth to bless the world. 

The attention of the reader will now be directed 
to the continued exertions of Mr. Rice to rescue the 
college, and the deep solicitude he felt for the accom- 
plishment of this object. In writing to a friend in 
South Carolina, he indulges in the following strain. 

"It is my wish that all eyes, and all hearts, and 
all exertions, should be directed simply to the great 
object of freeing the college from debt. When this 
is done ; when the edifice is fairly up and only the 
outside finished, we may begin to take down the 
staging and scaffolding, and may contemplate for a 
moment some of the unnecessary rubbish, as well 
as unnecessary jars among the builders, if we please. 
But at present, the single aim of all should be to 
save what has been done from being lost. My 
anxiety, as it has ever been, is still directed to the 
accomplishment of the great object itself, very little 
concerned for myself personally in this relation." 

How much the improvement of the ministry occu- 
pied his thoughts, will be still farther manifest from 
the following brief extract of a letter, to elder 
Estes, of South Carolina. 

Very dear Brother: — "In the kindness of 
divine Providence, it so happened that I made a visit 



208 MEMOIRS OF 

to College Hill, last month, when I had the particu- 
lar satisfaction of finding your affectionate letter 
of the 15th of June. Truly refreshing to my heart 
are such friendly communications from my dear 
brethren. 

"I wish you had happened to fall in with'brother 
Brookes, personally, as I think you would have been 
pleased with him. His views, probably, of the pro- 
per manner of conducting religious matters, would 
not materially differ from yours. But although in 
times of revival in religion, there is often much that 
is trashy, it is in some sense almost unavoidable 
that it should be so ; and this makes it more exceed- 
ingly important that the ministry themselves should 
be well instructed, and be led to entertain correct, 
enlarged, and discriminating views. From this, 
therefore, as from every point of vision, I derive 
augmenting force to the conviction of the great 
importance of young ministers in education, piety, 
and every valuable attribute to constitute them good 
ministers of Jesus Christ ; workmen that need not to 
be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. 

''And my dear brother, should it please God to 
increase the students of the Columbian College to 
sixty or seventy only, and once more grant a revi- 
val among them, and convert some dozen or twenty 
more, and call several of those converts to the 
blessed work of the ministry, what an ample recom- 
pense it would be for all the toils and sacrifices that 
have yet been employed in the case ! And if the 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 209 

number of students should be still more considerably 
multiplied, and it should please the Father of mer- 
cies from time to time to pour his spirit upon them, 
as have often happened in some institutions at the 
north, under the conduct of pious men, what a hap- 
py thing it would be for the churches, and for the 
whole community ! For this let us pray earnestly, 
and without ceasing." 

During all the trials of the college, hope never 
forsook him. It was his fixed belief that its debts 
would be liquidated, and though himself subject to 
painful sacrifices, his spirits were buoyant and 
cheerful. In reference to the college, he remarks, in 
one of his circulars : 

** In relation to the college, my hope of its ulti- 
mate success and usefulness has never been shaken. 
Present indications, too, are favorable. The letter 
of brother Clopton, pubHshed some time since, and 
that of brother Shannon, more recently, are well 
calculated to awaken attention and effort in its 
favor. The friends in Georgia are setting a noble 
example, and will be followed, no doubt, by those 
of South Carolina and other places. They are de- 
termined, not only to do something, but to do it 
promptly, without waiting to see what others will 
perform. This will settle, without controversy, the 
question of saving the college. 

" I once saw a building in flames, and several 
houses near it in danger of being fired, while a mul- 
titude stood uselessly gazing with intense anxiety to 
see whether those houses would be saved or burned ! 



210 MEMOIRS OF 

when an individual or two earnestly called out to 
them to range themselves in lines, and pass buckets 
of water from a neighboring stream — and thus the 
houses were saved. Let the example of our south- 
ern friends be imitated by others ; let every one do 
what he is wilHng to do, and do it promptly, with- 
out waiting to see whether the college will be saved 
or not — this will save it. I rejoice that the views 
of the friends of the institution are taking this ten- 
dency. The late movements of the board of trus- 
tees will, it is confidently believed, invigorate this 
course of action. The number of students, too, has 
been gradually increasing; so that there is good 
reason to hope that the institution will rise into a 
condition of prosperity and reputation. And, while 
I deeply lament the necessity of the exposition pro- 
mised in the foregoing communication, it is truly 
consoling to my bosom, that the object for which I 
have so incessantly labored the last ten years is 
likely to be accomplished." 

In writing to elder A. M. Poindexter on the 
same subject, he says, "It is all-important to bestir 
ourselves, and carry forward the college to a con- 
dition of respectability and useful action. My con- 
viction of the feasibility and importance of this, 
remains the same. It is a duty which the Baptists 
owe to themselves, to the other denominations, to 
the community at large, to the city of Washington, 
to the government of our country, to this nation, to 
the world, and, especially, to the cause of the Lord 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 211 

Jesus Christ. Take hold with me, my dear brother ; 
we shall soon get others to help also ; and, with the 
blessing, something can be done !" 

At another time he thus writes: "The Lord's arm 
is not shortened, that it cannot save. Who can tell 
how soon he may send prosperity, and a rich and 
extensive blessing. My hope of ultimate complete 
success is not broken; and if I have sometimes 
seemed to hope against hope, you will recollect it is 
not the first instance of the kind that has ever 
occurred. Our God can do every thing /" 



CHAPTER XI. 

REFERENCE TO MR. RICE's TRIALS — SYiMPATHY NEED- 
ED—HIS FRIENDS NUMEROUS THE PREJUDICES OF 

MANY SOFTENED AMICABLE RELATIONS WITH OTH- 
ERS RESTORED INTERESTING LETTER TO MR. JUD- 

SON CONCERN FOR REVIVAL OF RELIGION IN THE 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CONDITION OF BAPTIST 

CHURCHES IN THAT REGION LETTERS DESIRE TO 

SETTLE IN WASHINGTON THIS WISH NOT REAL- 
IZED REFLECTIONS MR. RICe's HEALTH BECOMES 

SERIOUSLY IMPAIRED CAUSES REFERENCE TO SE- 
VERE ILLNESS. 

It has already been intimated that the subject of 
this memoir was compelled, at one period, to strug- 
gle against a swelling tide of opposition from various 
sources. In addition to the embarrassments of the 
college, which were by some attributed to his mis- 
management, he became personally involved in 
debt ; and, being unable to comply with his engage- 
ments, unpleasant feelings were, on this account, 
entertained towards him. What served also to in- 
crease opposition, was the fact, that, as the treasu- 
rer and principal manager, he had personally much 
to do in making contracts, and bearing pecuniary 
responsibility, on behalf of the college. Funds not 
being realized according to expectation, he was 
unprepared to meet the claims of creditors, and 



MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 213 

upon him fell the whole weight of exasperated feel- 
ing created by such a disappointment. At this 
juncture, though in common with many others he 
might have been injudicious in thus hastily forming 
contracts, he was much in need of the sympathy 
and aid of his brethren. An ahuost crushing load 
of cares oppressed his mind, while every nerve was 
strained to collect the requisite funds to satisfy the 
creditors., and save the institution from ruin. Per- 
haps few were able fully to enter into all the pecu- 
liarities of his situation, while too many were 
inclined undulv to censure him. It should be stated, 
however, that he found many friends, especially at 
the south, who were unwilling to abandon him. As 
much the greater part of his time had been spent 
among them, they had been witnesses of his disin- 
terestedness, his suffering, and toil. They con- 
tinued, through him, to contribute to the college, 
and by their personal kindness did much to soothe 
his lacerated mind. There never was a time when 
at their dwellings, or at the house of God, he did 
not receive a cordial welcome. 

It is pleasing to be able to state, that after the 
excitement occasioned by the embarrassments of 
the college had passed away, a more friendly state 
of feeling began to exist between Mr. Rice and 
those with whom there had been personal misun- 
derstanding. Those also who had regarded his 
course with marked censure, again viewed him in 
a more favorable Hght. In the exercise of that 
19 



214 MEMOIRS OF 

humility so peculiarly the result of christian prin- 
ciple, he addressed letters to several brethren, ac- 
knowledging those particulars in which he felt him- 
self to have been defective, and desiring that the 
same friendly relations which had previously exist- 
ed, might be restored. Those communications, 
with their replies, evince the triumph of holy 
feeling over the selfishness of depraved human 
nature. A letter referring to this subject, address- 
ed to his far distant and much loved brother Jud- 
son, will bring before the reader this whole subject. 
Some of the allusions are truly touching ; indeed, 
the whole epistle seems to have been the effusions 
of a heart overflowing with tenderness and chris- 
tian love. 

College Hill, D. C. 

"Very dear Brother : — I date ^College Hill, 
D. C because my papers are in a room of the 
Columbian College, at that place; and that, although 
I have no right of property there, is the only spot 
having any thing of the nature of home on earth — 
except, indeed, the affectionate kindness of many 
brethren and their families, where I am in the habit 
of calling, in different and distant parts of the coun- 
try. These homes as I frequently call them, are 
exceedingly dear to me. None but a pilgrim, lite- 
rally 'sine domo,' as one of my brethren addressed 
me in a letter, can realize how sweetly precious 
they are. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 215 

"One of these, where I frequently find rest and 
comfort, as did the prophet by the kindness of the 
good woman, who had a chamber built for him 
upon the top of her house, is the home of brother 
Wm. H. Turpin, at Augusta, Ga. which place is, 
as 1 sometimes say, my southern head-quarters for 
the winter ; and whose name has probably become 
somewhat familiar to vou throuo-h brother Simons, 
brother and sister Wade, and bj^other sources. 
Another is, that of elder Jesse Mer?er, Washington, 
Ga. Another, Archibald Thomas, Richmond, Va. 
and I might mention many more. I am now at 
Powelton, Ga. although my letter is headed College 
Hill, D. C. at the house of Dr. CuUen Battle. He 
is a precious brother, and his wife a precious sister, 
wealthy, and very liberal — and this also, is one of 
my homes. \ 

"I am on my way to Alabama, notwithstanding 
the lateness of the season ; but hope, if it shall please 
the Lord to prosper my way, to be in Virginia 
again early in August. My health, which has been 
a good deal shaken and imperfect for somewhat 
more than two years past, appears to be returning 
towards its former soundness and strength, for 
which, I desire to glorify God. 

'^You are aware my dear brother, that some 
years ago, things occurred between myself and 
brother Stow, that were exceedingly, and of a 
nature highly culpable and injurious. A perfectly 
cordial and happy reconciliation has taken place 



216 MEMOIRS OF 

between us. This is, I believe, the Lord's doing, 
for which, I desire exceedingly, to glorify his name. 
I wrote him last winter from this quarter, acknow- 
ledging my own wrong, and asking his forgiveness. 
O ! that is a sweet passage in the book of God : 
^Forgive and ye shall he forgivenJ^ And that is a 
blessed precept : 'Confess your faults one to another, 
and pray one for another, that ye may be healed.'' 
In reply to mj^etter, brother Stow wrote me im- 
mediately, undei' date, 'Boston, 27th February, 
1835,' among other things, saying: "I wrote you 
seven vears a^o, under the influence of feelin2:s and 
convictions, such as seem to have dictated yours. 
I deeply felt at the time, and have so felt ever since, 
that in the unpleasant differences which occurred 
between us, I had unnecessarily injui'ed you, and I 
then felt, and still feel, that I ought to acknowledge 
the wrong, and solicit forgiveness. I freely forgive 
you, my dear brother, and feel as cordial towards 
you as at any period since our first acquaintance. 
I shall be happy again to meet you, and to say 
nianv thino;s that I cannot write. I feel under obli- 
gations to you for many acts of kindness ; I should 
be glad to have it in my power to reciprocate 
them.' The letter 'seven years ago,' never reach- 
ed me. 

"Brother Knowles, for whom I have ever enter- 
tained a sincere and high regard, to w^hom I wrote 
about the same time, touching various topics, be- 
side a reference to some unpleasantness and faulti- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 217 

ness of mine in past days, under dale, *Ne\vton 
Centre, February, 16th, 1835,' wrote: *I received 
and read with great pleasure your letter. I hasten 
to reply. It has, indeed, often been nny intention 
to write to you, but the pressure of many cares, 
and the uncertainty for the greater part of the 
time, that a letter would reach vou, have hitherto 
prevented me. You may be assured, that my feel- 
ings towards you have always been of the most 
cordial good will. Whatever I may have thought 
or said at moments of excitement, respecting your 
official conduct, I have never ceased to regard you 
with sincere respect for your talents, with gratitude 
for your public services, and for your personal kind- 
ness to me, and w^ith affection for your many virtues. 
I have often taken occasion to defend you. I have 
maintained your integrity, your disinterestedness, 
and the sincerity of your aims. I have desired, 
and predicted that you v^^ould one day fully rein- 
state yourself in the confidence and affections of 
your brethren. I have contended, that if there has 
been wrong, the blame does not belong to you 
alone, but must be shared, in a large measure, by 
others.' 

"After noticing some things in w^hich his view of 
the course it was expedient for me to pursue, had 
been different from mine, he adds: *I mention these 
things, my dear brother, not to censure you be- 
cause you have thought proper to act otherwise. 
Yours may have been the wiser course. God has 
19* 



218 MEMOIRS OF 

certainly prospered you. I honor you for the per- 
severance vou have shown, and I mourn that so 
much of your valuable life has been spent in rescu- 
ing the college. I grieve that your constitution 
seems to be giving way. I do earnestly pray that 
God will preserve your life, and enable you to com- 
plete your plans on behalf of the college. I rejoice 
that the institution is in a more prosperous state. I 
have never rehnquished the belief that God would 
make it useful. My estimate of its importance, has 
of late, been immeasurably increased. 

*And now, my dear brother, you perceive how 
unnecessary it was to ask my forgiveness. I never 
felt myself injured, and there never has been a time 
when I could not most cordially take you by the 
hand. Yet, at moments of excitement, I may have 
done or said something to injure your feelings. If 
so, I am sincerely sorry, and ask your forgiveness. 
May our gracious Saviour forgive us all, and 
make us henceforward, more fit to serve him.'' 

^'Brother Chase, truly a brother beloved — date, 
^Newton Theological Institution, February 22d, 
1835,' also says : ^The reference which you make 
to the period of my residence on College Hill, and 
the sentimeiits which you express, have awakened 
emotions which I shall not attempt to describe. 
Rest assured, my dear brother, that not a particle 
of hardness towards you is cherished in my bosom. 
I have remembered you wuth fraternal feeling in 
my prayers, and have thus found a sweet relief, 



KEV. LUT-HER RICE. 219 

amidst the pangs occasioned by the change in our 
relations. O how strong the motives derived from 
the cross of Christ, and the high and holy duties to 
which we are called, and the hope af heaven, to 
love one another, and to forgive as we hope to be 
forgiven ! God grant that during the remnant of our 
sojourn on earth, we may *keep the unity of the 
spirit in the bond of peace." 

"What I had to confess was chiefly, and I knew 
not how to express it more fully, pride and naughti- 
ness of spirit. I made no complaint against any. 
I desired a state of relations such as these extracts 
indicate now the existence of; and while I would 
continually humble myself before God, desire ex- 
ceedingly to glorify him for these tokens of his 
favor. I thought it might be some consolation to 
you, my very dear brother, to see these indications. 
Most affectionately yours, 

Luther Rice." 

Among other objects which engaged the atten- 
tion of Mr. Rice, it should be recorded, that towards 
the close of his life, he entertained a very deep con- 
cern for a reviv^al of religion among the Baptists of 
the city of Washington, and its vicinity. In the 
northern part of Virginia, with the District of Co- 
lumbia and the State of Maryland, the churches of 
our denomination have, within the last quarter of a 
century, undergone a most melancholy change. 
The spirit of Antinomianism, with all its bhghting 
influence, has been at work. It is true, there have 



220 MEMOIRS OF 

been exceptions ; but wiih respect to the larger por- 
tions, the facts are too apparent to be denied. 

The ministry are justly to be charged with a 
great part of the blame, in the existence of this 
unhappy state of things. Possessing but few scrip- 
tural qualifications of good ministers of Jesus Christ, 
the tendency of their labors could be no other than 
pernicious. Deprived of her lovely symmetry, and 
attired in a garb unsuited to her native dignity, truth 
was left to weep over the disgrace and shame in 
which she had been involved, by these her professed 
friends. A few doctrines unconnected with their 
legitimate practical uses, and with numerous distor- 
tions, constituted mostly the theme of their dis- 
courses, and were urged in a spirit utterly at war 
with the genius of Christianity. 

It is not strange, that beneath influences like 
these, blasting and mildew should rest on this por- 
tion of the garden of the Lord. The pleasant fruits 
of righteousness were but rarely to be seen, for 
churches gradually diminished in numbers and influ- 
ence. Their system of doctrinal sentiment pre- 
cluded the duty of calling on men to repent. They 
began to feel but little concern for the extrication 
of sinners from Satan^s bondage, and, as a neces- 
sary consequence, but feeble efforts were made, 
and few sinners converted. It had been, from the 
origination of the college, an object of high impor- 
tance with Mr. Rice, to effect a change in the 
spiritual condition of these churches. He believed 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 221 

that the institution, if brought into prosperous ope- 
ration, would shed around a holy influence, which 
might be felt in all the circumjacent region. To 
this, as one of the strongest wishes of his heart, he 
frequently referred, in mingling with his brethren, 
and in his letters to different individuals. Writing 
to elder A. M. Poindexter, he remarks : 

'* In very intimate connection with the college 
concern, I am exceedingly anxious to see something 
done touching the building up of the Baptist interest 
in Washington and Georgetown. This appears 
quite indispensable to the welfare and beneficial 
influence of the college. My mind is much on this 
subject, and particularly with reference to the idea 
of attempting something there myself. Touching 
this matter, too, I want your aid. I want, distinctly, 
your help in relation to the raising of the Baptist 
interest in the City, Georgetown, and the region 
roundabout connected with, and consequent upon, 
your agency for the benefit of the college. Your 
aid, with the blessing of God, may be of great and 
signal importance and value to the Baptist cause 
there ! Mv dear brother, do let us try what can be 
done at Washington, in point of religion. Who 
can tell, if, perad venture, the Lord will approve the 
effort, and add his effectual blessing ! 'Beginning 
at Jerusalem.' I do think we ought to strive to 
build up the cause at Washington.'* 

At another time he says, *' Should it please the 
Lord to bless the effort to build up the cause of reli- 



222 MEMOIRS OF 

gion — a Baptist church or two at Washington — 
probably I may be able to do more for the college 
itself in a short time, in that connection, than in my 
present sphere of labor. I mentioned this matter 
in a letter to a friend of mine at Washington, who 
seems at once all aUve with the idea. I know not 
what may be in the future of Divine Providence, 
but wish simply to move on in the line of duty. 
Blessed be God for that promise : 'In all thy ways 
acknowledge him, and he will direct thy paths.' 

"My dear brother, I beseech you take hold 
with us. Let us see what, with the blessing of God 
we can do for Washington and the college, cast in 
thy lot with us. First of all, labor a year or two in 
collecting funds, getting subscriptions, &c. En- 
deavour at least to obtain one professorship or more. 
And, then, if Providence favor the plan, as might 
probably be the case, settle there. Labor enough 
for your powers will be needed there. And talents, 
such as heaven has bestowed on you, ought to be 
employed at the more important points — 'begin- 
ning^ said the precious Redeemer, 'at Jerusalem.^ 
I do think it the duty of the Baptists, and of some 
particular ones personally, to take hold of t*he busi- 
ness at Washington ; as if they meant to do it /" 

These extracts more than intimate his expecta- 
tion of an ultimate settlement at some point con- 
tiguous to the college, with the design of attempt- 
ing to assist in the elevation of the Baptist cause 
there. Having pursued a migratory life for so 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 223 

many years, he began to feel exceedingly desirous 
to employ his entire time in study and pastoral labor. 
Connected with this determination, at one period 
there was some probability that he might enter into 
the matrimonial connection. Relating to his per- 
manent location in Washington, he thus writes to a 
friend : 

"I feel anxious for the cause of religion in Wash- 
ington and Georgetown ; and am thinking whether 
it may not be my duty now, that the college matters 
are approaching a condition that may allow of my 
locating, to attempt something in Washington and 
Georgetown. Should it come to this, your exertions 
may be of much importance in the case. I do not 
wish this idea to be talked about ; but I wish you to 
pray to God to direct me in reference to it, and to 
lead me in the way that he will indeed approve and 
bless. I do greatly long to see the Baptist cause 
advance in Washington ; and to see a Baptist 
church estabhshed at Georgetown. Such a result 
would be of signal advantage to the college. 

"Last night I was looking over the tenth annual 
report of the American Tract Society. It is a 
highly interesting publication. It suggests so many 
ways of personal exertion in doing good, that I feel 
as if I had been very criminally negligent all my 
life — O that I might now ^repent and do the first 
loork,^ O that I may indeed walk circumspectly 
redeeming the time because the days are eviL 



224 MEMOIRS OF 

"The state of things amongst the Baptists in North 
CaroHna, particularly in regard to the education 
of ministers, and all the evangelical operations of 
the present period, is rapidly improving. The Bap- 
tist community in this state is undergoing a very 
happy regeneration. This took its rise from the 
influence of the Columbian College. The benefits 
of this community alone from that institution are 
a sufficient remuneration for that v^diole concern ; 
but still greater and more extensive benefits w^ill, I 
trust, yet spring from the same source." 

As the sequel will shov^, the all-w^ise Disposer of 
events did not allow his servant to reahze the long 
cherished wishes of his soul. By unremitted toil 
his whole life had been distinguished, and when 
there seemed some probability that he would be able 
to retire from the agency, and in more quiet, but 
not less useful labors, to devote his talents to God, 
he was summoned to give an account of his stew- 
ardship. Thus, Moses, the leader and lawgiver of 
Israel, was not permitted to enjoy the object for 
which through a long series of years, he had em- 
ployed his undivided energies. Having brought his 
brethren to the borders of the promised land, from 
Piggah's top he surveyed its flowing brooks, its 
fruitful hills and vales — and died. But in all the 
arrangements of Jehovah, even though the expec- 
tations of men may be frustrated, he is actuated by 
the most perfect wisdom and benevolence. It be- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 225 

comes us in all things submissively to bow to his 
adorable will* 

During a few of the last years of his hfe, Mr. 
Rice was frequently the subject of painful disease. 
None can question that the almost unexampled 
toils, incident to the mission and college agencies, 
contributed to a premature prostration of his physi- 
cal powers. During several years, his habits were 
exceedingly and in some respects necessarily irre- 
gular. In endeavoring to rouse the denomination to 
sympathize in the woes of a guilty world, he felt 
that a great work was committed to his hands. 
To the utmost of his strength he resolved to fulfil 
this high trust. Appalled by no surmountable diffi- 
culties, and conferring not with flesh and blood, he 
effected from week to week what would to most 
men have seemed altogether impracticable. Truly 
may it be said, that whatever his hand found to do, 
he did it with all his might. He would sometimes 
pleasantly speak of stepping over from Virginia, to 
South Carolina, or Alabama. 

Sufficient allusion has already been made in an- 
other part of this memoir to the repeated and long 
journeys he felt himself compelled to make, that he 
might reach important meetings of the denomina- 
tion in different states. In these journeys, he was 
subject to hunger and cold, to sleepless nights, and 
perpetual weariness, often amounting to prostration. 

Beside this unremitted exertion, it will be remem- 
bered that during his residence in India, he suffered 
20 



226 MEMOIRS OF 

with almost continual affections of the liver. Prom 
the shock his constitution then received, as Mr. 
Judson in one of his letters observes, he never fully 
recovered. This disease in consequence of fre- 
quent exposures and uninterrupted labor began to 
assail him with renew^ed violence. In many instan- 
ces, a characteristic energy of mind prevented him 
from yielding to the claims of duty, which would 
have led him to intermit his toils, and submit him- 
sel f to necessary medical treatment. When scarcely 
able to leave his room, he would sometimes preach 
two or three times, spend the night restlessly and in 
pain, and the next day be engaged as usual in some 
active employment. By degrees he found his health 
sinking, and for eighteen months before his death, 
seldom v/as entirely well. 

In the following extract of a letter to elder A. M. 
Poindexter, he refers to the state of his health in the 
beginning of 1835. *'From the Halifax camp-meet- 
ing I proceeded to Caswell court-house, w^here I 
preached. I spent the following Sabbath in Raleigh; 
preached Monday night following, at the Wake 
Forest Institute, and proceeded on to Bertie county, 
to be at the meeting of the North Carolina Baptist 
Convention. I was exceedingly glad to find our dear 
brother Carter, not only still among the living, but 
able to be about. On the Sabbath, I preached to 
a large assembly. / have not been able to preach 
since, except once. Six precious Sabbaths have 
passed in succession, without my being able to 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 227 

preach. Some part of the time, I have not been 
well enough even to lead in family worship. 

"Two days after leaving Bertie, an attack com- 
menced upon me, with strong symptoms of bilious 
fever. I did not lie by, but kept along, though in 
much pain and illness a part of the way, till I 
reached brother McAllister's, just by Fayette ville, 
Friday night, where I remained till the Monday 
following, when I thought myself pretty fully reco- 
vered, and began to move. I had an appointment 
to preach in Darlington District, South Carolina, 
the Sabbath following, which I was just able to 
reach and to fulfil. Middle of that week, another 
attack commenced, very similar at first to the one 
I hav^e just adverted to, but much more severe. 

"I have not seen a well day since. Still I kept 
along ; resting only on the Sabbaths, though for a 
considerable part of the time in very great pain — 
pain in my back, by reason of fever and illness. I 
passed here the 13th ult. and received your letter, 
with several others; then getting a little better day 
after day, slowly, and went on to the state conven- 
tion at Barnwell, S. C. Attended some business in 
the range, and returned here, Monday, the 22d ult. 
not quite so well, by reason of a recent cold. After 
supper, commenced writing a letter ; was attacked 
with severe pain in the region of the liver — com- 
pelled to desist — to take bed — to call for a physi- 
cian, blister, and take a dose of forty grains of 
calomel, and keep my bed all the rest of the week. 



228 MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 

I am now up ; begin to feel tolerably well ; am able 
to write, and hope by to-morrow, to begin to go 
out. Thanks to the Lord for his preserving and 
restoring mercy ! I regard it with thankfuhiess, as 
a particular favor in Providence, that I was able 
just to reach this place before being absolutely com- 
pelled to seek medical aid ; and another particular 
providential favor, that the confinement within 
doors, happened at a period when for more than 
one week of the time, the weather has been so 
coarse, I could have gone out but little if I had 
been well. 

"I have been writing letters for two days past, 
that should have been written weeks sooner, had it 
been in my power. This is the first I have written 
this year," 



CHAPTER XII. 

MANIFEST IMPROVEMENT IN SPIRITUALITY OF MIND 

HABIT OF JESTING AMENDED INTERESTING LET- 
TERS QUOTATION FROM DIARY — DEVOTION TO GOD 

INCREASES ILLNESS DEATH INTERESTING PARTI- 
CULARS OF HIS LAST HOURS, IN A LETTER FROM REV. 

JAMES E. WELCH SENSATIONS PRODUCED BY HIS 

DEATH IN THE UNITED STATES FUNERAL DISCOUR- 
SES — TESTIMONIALS OF ESTEEM MONUMENT FUR- 
NISHED BY SOUTH CAROLINA CONVENTION INSCRIP- 
TION. 

It is gratifying to refer to the increasing spiritu- 
ality of mind, which was manifest for many months 
previous to his dismissal from the world. This was 
observed by all his friends. The Lord seemed to 
be preparing him for the holy employments of hea- 
ven, by the bestowment of an unusual measure of 
the spirit's influence. A deeper and more humbling 
sense of the divine purity, and the exceeding sinful- 
ness of sin, took possession of his soul, while he 
panted for entire conformity to the Redeemer's 
image. In a letter written in January, 1835, he 
adverts to a habit of fooHsh jesting to which he had 
yielded, and the retrospect of which, w^as the occa- 
sion of unaffected grief. This indulgence, so bane- 
ful to peace and usefulness, has been too much al- 
lowed by the professed followers of Christ, and 

go* 



230 MEMOIRS OF 

even by those who preach the gospel. To be 
cheerful and happy is then- privilege, but to indulge 
in levity, is utterly beneath the true dignity of their 
character. In the extract which will here be in- 
serted, the reader will learn the feeling with w^hich 
Mr. Rice contemplated his own conduct in this 
respect, and the determination he formed to aban^ 
don it. He thus writes to a beloved christian 
friend 2 

Augusta, Ga. January 1, 1835. 

*^Very dear Brother : — I wish us both a happy 
new year ! Indeed, I do hope this year may be 
much happier than any preceding one has ever 
been in holy living, heavenly-mindedness and use- 
fulness. 

"Your excellent letter of the 13th of November, 
I found here the 13th of December, and should have 
answered it sooner had it been in my power^ You 
cannot have possessed a more anxious desire for 
communication with me, since we w^ere last toge- 
ther, and nothing could have been more truly ac- 
ceptable or welcome than your kind letter. 

"A circumstance has occurred which wdll, I trust, 
prove beneficial and effectual in correcting the habit 
of lightness, pleasantries,/oo/i5A talking and jesting, 
in which I have so long and so shamefully indulged. 
I was somew^hat sensible of my infirmity in this 
particular, but by no means duly awake to the real 
criminality and folly of the habit that had become 
so deeply rooted! \ oftea thought of reforming. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 231 

and occasionally made inefficient and ineffectual 
attempts to do so. The kind and discreet sugges- 
tions of a dear friend, brought my mind, I trust, to 
look at the matter in its true hght ; and I formed 
the same day, the solemn resolution to correct the 
habit thoroughly, and to abandon it absolutely and 
forever ! That no more frivolous and improper 
pleasantries — that no more foolish talking and jesU 
ing should ever be permitted to pass my lips. I 
believe I have pretty well kept my purpose, and 
now solemnly renew it as I write this. 

**These are the circumstances, and such the 
cause, I doubt not, that gave a beneficial turn to 
my deportment at the camp-meeting, and I trust 
ever since. I stated the matter pretty fully to 
brother H. at the camp-meeting, and likely enough^ 
he has repeated it all in substance to you." 

Three or four extracts from other letters, evinc^ 
ing the growing anxiety he felt to honor Christy 
will be here inserted. To Mr. Judson, he says: 
*^I have been lately meditating more and more 
on keeping the heart with all diligence, I am, I 
trust, more and more impressed, sweetly too, with 
the idea of living for heaven, O ! that day by day, 
I could bring more and more of heavenliness into 
my heart and life. Certain it is, this is the only 
way to have true peace and real satisfaction, while 
passing through this evil inprld — this vale of tears. 
But in the possession of this holy, humble, heavenly 
state of mind, there is something exceedingly desi-t 



232 MEMOIRS OF 

rable, and well worth living for. O ! that my soul 
may ever be athirst for God, for the living God. 
Brother Taylor, of Richmond, will forward the file 
of the Religious Herald. 

^^And now, my ever dear brother, may the living 
God be your portion, your everlasting all. May 
the best of heaven^s blessings rest on you and your 
dear, good wife — and may you see, even before 
the termination of the few years of your labors yet 
on earth, Burmah far more advanced in religious 
knowledge and in righteousness, than your beloved 
and highly favored native country is at the present 
period! My best regards to sister Judson. 
Ever most affectionately yours, 

Luther Rice." 

In the close of a communication to elder A. M, 
Poindexter, he observes : '^My soul has been more 
than is usual for me, alive in religion — in prayer, 
and in religious conversation. I have been sadly 
negligent in religious conversation^ both as regards 
saints and sinners in years past. O ! to be a good 
minister of Jesus Christ! to have the speech always 
with grace, seasoned with salt ! to ivatch for souls as 
one that must give account ! All this is no light 
thing! no small attainment! Would to heaven that 
myself and all ministers were such ! What a diffe- 
rence would soon appear in the churches and in 
the world at large ! 

"Pray for me. I do endeavor to pray for you. 
Pray for the Columbian College ; and the Baptist 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 233 

cause in Washington.'* To a friend in Washing- 
ton, he thus writes : *^I am more and more sensible, 
I trust, of the importance of making progress in 
personal heart religion, and of striving earnestly to 
gain higher attainments in holiness. This is essen- 
tial both to usefulness and comfort. I am more 
and more sensible, I trust, what a poor, guilty, sin- 
ful life mine has been. Some amendment, I do 
hope, has been, by the grace of the Lord Jesus,, 
accomplished within fifteen months past ; particu- 
larly within the last four months. That incessant 
and injurious levity, foolish talking and jesting, in 
which I so long and so criminally indulged, has 
been, I hope, by the special mercy of the Lord^ 
somewhat effectually done away. I have enjoyed 
of late, more a spirit of prayer, and been more at- 
tentive to religious conversation as I meet with per* 
sons, and in families, than formerly. I make it a 
point to pray for the families where I tarry over 
night, or call during the day, and for the indivi- 
duals I meet as I pass along. 

" I have adopted it as a rule, to observe, as gene- 
rally as circumstances will permit, seasons of prayer 
seven times a day. At midnight and at daybreak, 
private ; before breakfast, with the family; at twelve 
o'clock, and at evening twilight, private ; after sup- 
per, with the family ; just before going to bed, pri- 
vate. Also observe the first and third Mondays in 
each month as days of fasting, humiliation, and 
prayer ; the second and fourth, as days of thanks- 



234 MEMOIRS OF 

giving and praise. The monthly concert of prayer 
for missions, the evening of the first Monday in 
every month ; the concert of prayer for Sabbath 
schools, the evening of the second Monday in every 
month ; and I have concluded to appropriate a sea- 
son in the evening of the third Monday in every 
month, for special prayer for the Columbian Col- 
lege, and for a revival of religion in Washington 
especially, and in the other cities in the District, 
and in the country roundabout." 

In another letter he thus describes his feelings : 
'' Faint, yet pursuing, I am striving, though but too 
feebly, to gain a constantly realizing apprehension 
of the divine presence and glory. To glorify God 
and enjoy him, is verily the chief good. I thank 
you for the strain in v^hich you have written. It 
is of use for the servants of the Lord to suggest 
thoughts and viev^s of this nature to one another. 
O, for more holiness ! for more real heart religion ! 
for entire, absolute devotedness to the cause and 
glory of the blessed Redeemer !" 

Connected with these extracts will be introduced 
a few quotations from his diary, beginning with the 
1st of January, 1836. They give pleasing evidence 
of the spiritual-mindedness for which he became 
more and moi'e remarkable. 

^^836, January 1st. — My plan is to read the 
Bible through, systematically, once a year: five 
chapters a Sabbath, and three each day in the week 
.besides, goes through the Bible in a year. My sea* 



REV. Luther hice. 235 

sons of prayer are seven in the twenty-four hours : 
at daybreak, mid-day, evening twilight, bed-time, 
between bed-time and daybreak, private; before 
breakfast and after supper, in the family. Make it 
a point to pray for every family, where I tarry a 
night, or call in the day ; for every person, indi- 
vidually, who makes a donation for any object for 
which I receive funds ; for every one I converse 
with in the day ; for every person I see during the 
day; all as particularly as practicable. I think 
this course tends to keep alive religion in the soul ; 
to prevent lightness and other improprieties; to 
secure success to my efforts. 

" The Lord, in his mercy, has brought me to the 
beginning of another year. I think I have made 
some little progress in religion the past year, but 
far less than I ought. God grant I may do better, 
should life be preserved through this year also. I 
think it right to plan, act, and labor, as if I might 
have thirty years for service yet before me ; for 
even in that period, I should not have reached the 
age of my ancestors : but also so to live, plan, act, 
and labor, as though I might die soon, any day or 
hour. 

''26th. — Visited my old friend and brother, elder 
E. B. Glad to find him so much in the spirit of 
religion. Lament my want of spirituahty. 

''Feb. llth. — Called on brother L. What a pity 
it is that a minister of the gospel should be exten- 
sively engaged in worldly business ! 



236 MEMOIRS OF 

"28^A. — Too unweJl to attend meeting; did not 
preach ! Had but little religious enjoyment : an 
interestins: conversation with brother D. 

''29th. — Better in health, but low in religion! 
Restore unto me, I beseech thee, O Lord, the joy of 
thy salvation, and uphold me with thy free spirit ! 

''March 25th. — This day brings me to be fifty- 
three years old. How thankful should I be for all 
the mercies of the past ! how humbled for my sins ! 
O, for grace, that having entered on another year, 
I may renewedly devote all my time and powers 
to the service and glory of Christ. 

"April 9th. — Much as usual. O, for more life, 
light, comfort, and action, in religion. The kind- 
ness of my friends calls for gratitude and praise to 
God. 

"2Sth. — Much as usual this day in religion. 
When shall I see the light of divine things more 
clearly, and feel their power more effectually? 

"May 2Sd. — Sister T., where I stayed last night, 
is sick and low, but is, I trust, one of the ransomed 
of the Lord ! and O, how much better than health, 
or any earthly good, is true religion ! 

"27th. — The kindness of friends, in supplying me 
with clothing, awakens grateful emotions in my 
bosom. Staid with brother G. last night. The 
closeness of this brother, as to giving any thing to 
promote religious objects — old, wealthy, and saved, 
as he is — gives me pain. Am truly glad that the 
Baptist brethren at New York have formed the 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 237 

'American and Foreign Bible Society,' to promote 
Baptist translations of the blessed Bible. Have 
resolved to raise thirty dollars for it, and become a 
life member. 

''June I4th, — More ill to-day than yesterday ; 
and have especially to lament the low state of reli- 
gion in my soul ! Some comfort w^ith brother R. 
and brother C. 

"15^A. — Somev^hat better; hope soon to be quite 
well. O, for spiritual health ! Much kindness mani- 
fested by my friends in Richmond. O, for a heart 
full of gratitude and love ! 

''I6th. — Eight days ago received a letter from 
brother Judson, Burmah, and one from brother Kin- 
caid, Ava. How unworthy am I of such tokens of 
regard, from such of the servants of the Lord. It 
appears, by the letter of brother Kincaid, that my 
preaching was made instrumental in his becoming 
a missionary to Burmah. Instead of sending me 
back, a better one was sent. These letters awa- 
kened powerful emotions in my bosom. I could 
not, for some time, refrain from weeping. O ! that 
I were better ! 

''20th. — Spent most of the day at brother C's ; 
brother J. there, too. Profitable conversation. 

"27th. — A peaceful day; calm, but not j^/ZetZ with 
holy delight, as I earnestly desire to be. Agreed 
with brother B. to observe a season in the evening 
of the fourth Monday in every month, in special 
prayer for colleges: began it last night. Sorry 
21 



238 MEMOIRS OF 

there is not more religion, particularly among the 
Baptists in Washington. O I for a powerful revi- 
val in this place. 

''July I2th. — Some sweet savor of divine things. 
Interesting conversation touching the scripture im- 
port of the kingdom of heaven. Church, &c. with 
brother B. and A. Attended prayer meeting ; some 
little life and comfort. Tarried with brother A. 
Ought to have had more serious, affectionate, spiri- 
tual conversation. 

''20th. — A pleasant day. Called on several inte- 
resting friends, brethren and sisters. O, that I could 
be more profitable to them ! Conversed with bro- 
ther B. who I fear is in error. Would I had more 
meekness, and meekness of wisdom, in conversing 
with such. 

"25th. — Private fast day and prayer. Some 
earnestness for myself and for the Columbian Col- 
lege. Brother B. and brother L., with family, join 
with me in the concert for the college. 

" August nth. — Finished my letter to brother R. 
Brother N. agrees, as did brother E. W. R., to 
unite in the concert of prayer for seminaries of 
learning. 

"ISth. — Greeted with a hearty welcome at the 
camp-meeting at the Cross Roads, this evening. 
Some twenty or thirty, or more, came as by one 
impulse to the margin of the camp ground, to salute 
me. 

'^Mth. — Preached at Cross Roads camp-meeting: 



RET. LUTHER RICE. 239 

Acts, vi. 7 — *And the word of God increased ; and 
the number of the disciples multiplied in Jerusalem 
greatly ; and a great company of the priests were 
obedient to the faith.' 

^^22d. — Private fasting and prayer; some mea- 
sure of engagedness. Concert of prayer for semi- 
naries of learning, rulers, and capitols. Joined 
with brother M. and family in this concert. 

''28th. — Preached at Elam, Darlington district, 
S. C, from Acts, viii. 35 — ^Then Philip opened his 
mouth, and began at the same scripture, and 
preached unto him Jesus.' Solemn season. 

"29th. — Private thanksgiving. O ! that my poor 
heart could be truly alive in this kind of exercise, 
and that I could praise the Lord with joyful lips, as 
I ought." 

The sentence just quoted was the last he wrote 
in his journal, being a little less than four weeks 
before his death. It expresses a sentiment which 
for many months seemed to have maintained con- 
stant possession of his soul. While God was his 
daily delight, he still panted for larger draughts of 
spiritual influence. Literally did he hunger and 
thirst after righteousness. Every indication of de- 
cline in faith, love, or zeal, was watched with most 
sedulous care, and beheld with unaffected grief. 
Indeed, we may judge from his diary, and conver- 
sation with his brethren, that the only thing which 
diminished his enjoyment, was the consciousness of 
not having attained a perfect measure of holiness. 



240 MEMOIRS OF 

In all his sermons, also, for some time before his 
decease, an unusual degree of the spirit of Christ 
was manifest. They were remarkable, not only 
for rich, evangelical sentiment, but for pathos and 
energy. Like a dying man he preached, and each 
time as if he never should preach again. Some of 
his discourses at the June anniversaries in Virginia, 
in 1836, will never be forgotten by many of his 
brethren. As upon the verge of heaven he stood, 
and beckoned his kindred in Christ to look up and 
prepare for its holy delights. Frequently was it 
said, that he had not before been heard with so much 
power to testify the gospel of the grace of God. 

We now approach the affecting scene which 
closed the earthly labors of this good man. While 
on a journey to the south, he was arrested in South 
Carolina by sickness, and unexpectedly to all, was 
summoned to his reward. He does not himself 
seem to have been aware of the dangerous nature 
of his disease, until a short period before his death. 
Then, with nothing else to do but to die, he calmly 
directs his horse, sulkey, and baggage, to be sent to 
Washington, as the property of the Columbian Col- 
lege, and prepares to take his flight to that blissful 
world, for which he had become so eminently pre- 
pared. Some particulars of the closing scene have 
been furnished by the Rev. James E. Welch, and 
will be here inserted. They are contained in a let- 
ter addressed to the Rev. Mr. Meredith, of North 
Carolina. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 241 

At the Grave of Luther Rice, ^ 

Edgefield District, S, C. December 4, 1837. 5 

"My DEAR Brother: — The mournful pleasure 
is mine of visiting the grave of one we both much 
respected and tenderly loved. He was to me as 
David to Jonathan ; and while I sit upon the large, 
white marble slab, procured and sent here by the 
Baptist Convention of this state, to be placed over 
his grave, my reflections necessarily bring to my 
mind many of the scenes through which he passed 
while living. In imagination I saw him at Ando- 
ver, first suggesting to a selected few of his fel- 
low-students the idea of a mission abroad among 
the heathen — his departure from his native land — 
his arrival in Calcutta — his baptism with Judson 
and wife — their banishment from India — their land- 
ing at the Isle of France — his sailing for South 
America, and landing in the United States — his 
*flying through' every part of the country like an 
angel, preaching the gospel and waking up the 
sleeping energies of the Baptists — his prime agency 
in the formation of the Baptist General Convention, 
&c. &c. ; I could but exclaim, being alone : ^After 
all thy toils and w^anderings and sorrows, my bro- 
ther, among these long-leafed pines, thou hast found 
a resting-place, where thou shalt quietly sleep, un- 
disturbed, until the morning of the resurrection.' 

"I was also forcibly reminded of some of my 
last interviews with him in Virginia. After being 
repeatedly in his company, we attended together 
2P 



242 MEMOIRS OF 

the meeting of an association in the lower part of 
HaUfax county, in August, 1835. After the close of 
the meeting, we called at a neighboring house for 
half an hour. No sooner were we all quietly seat- 
ed than he commenced singing alone, with great 
fervor, the comforting hymn called the ^Star of 
Bethlehem ;' and after closing, he said : ^Let us 
pray;' nor shall I soon forget the unction with 
which he seemed to plead with God 'as o'er the 
mercv-seat.' I afterwards said to a brother, 'I do 
not believe brother Rice is long for this world,' — 
when with surprise, he asked 'why I thought so V 
seeing his uncommon good health ; to which I re- 
plied, 'I never have seen such an alteration in any 
man in my life ; he is so devoted, devotional, and 
heavenly-minded, that I think he is ripening for 
heaven, and God will take him to himself.' 

At Dr. R. G. Mats, December 5, 1837. 

''I am now sitting in the very room where our 
dear brother Rice breathed his last ; and how forci- 
bly the words of the poet came home to my feel- 
ings : 

'The chamber where the good man meets his fate 

Is privileged above the common walks of virtuous life, 

Quite on the verge of heaven.' 

Being desirous of knowing myself, more particular- 
ly, all the circumstances connected with his sick- 
ness and death, I came here to make inquiry ; and 
believing you and many others feel also a deep 
interest, I communicate such information as the 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 243 

physician who attended him, and sister Mays, both 
of whom are now present, could recollect. Dr. 
Mays himself is absent on a visit to Charleston. 

"Brother Rice was unwell the night he reached 
Columbia, S. C. but hoping he should get better, he 
took some palliating medicine, and continued his 
journey. But on Friday night, September 1st, he 
was quite ill, and fearing he should not be able to 
reach Augusta, Ga. he changed his course, and 
came up to brother Coleman's, on Saturday, and 
sent for Dr. J. C. Ready, a Baptist minister, and a 
physician, about noon, who gave him medicine. 
On visiting him again on Sabbath morning, he gave 
him more powerful medicine, and bled him freely. 
After the bleeding, he fainted, not so much from 
the quantity of blood taken, as from a nervous 
dread he always had of the lancet. Dr. Mays met 
him on Saturday, and invited him to his house; and 
on Sabbath morning, while sister Mays called to see 
him, he received the invitation, and in the afternoon 
he rode the two miles alone, in his sulkey, without 
much apparent fatigue. Frequent cupping seemed 
to mitigate the severe pain in his side, which a sub- 
sequent blister entirely removed. He remarked on 
Sabbath morning, that *it was a matter of entire 
indifference to him w^here he should die, whenever 
the Lord chose to call him, he was ready to go.' 
His thirst was constant and not easily satisfied, 
and although his appetite remained pretty good, 



244 MEMOIRS OF 

he frequently remarked, that 'his taste was unna- 
tural.' 

"During the first week of his sickness, he gave a 
detailed account of the secret missionary society, 
formed by Judson, Mills, himself, and others, at 
Andover — that they would devote themselves per- 
sonally to the work of carrying the gospel to the 
heathen in foreign lands ; together with a history of 
the missionary toils, &c. with all that clearness and 
energy for which his mind was distinguished. He 
seemed also to rejoice that the Lord had raised 
up such a man as Kincaid to take his place in the 
mission field — a man, said he, 'so much better 
qualified than myself for the missionary work/ 
During the whole of his sickness, says sister Mays, 
'she never heard even a groan' — that 'he bore his 
suffering' with more lamb-like submission than she 
ever saw.' Every evening during his sickness he in- 
sisted that Dr. Mays should have family worship in 
his room ; and whether the doctor or others prayed, 
he usually asked that they would pray 'if it be the 
will of God he might recover.' This request was 
always made with evident and calm submission to 
the will of God. He frequently asked those present 
to sing for him the encouraging hymn, beginning 

'When I can read my title clear 
To mansions in the skies,' 

With others of a similar import. On the Sabbath 
morning before he died, the last he ever spent on 
earth, he asked them to sing the hymn, beginning 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 245 

'Another six days' work is done, 
Another Sabbath is begun.' 

When asked what the state of his mind was, he 
repUed, *I have a sweet and abiding hope in the 
mercy of God, but not that animating view of the 
Lord Jesus I desire to have/ During the whole of 
his confinement to his room, he rose early every 
morning — shaved himself and read his Bible — until 
the last three or four days before he died. Dr. 
Ready says, that his state of mind through his whole 
sickness seemed to be *a firm faith, calm reliance 
on the promises of his Saviour,' ^perfect resignation 
to the will of God,' 'without the fear of death,' 
'wilhng to go whenever called, but desirous to 
remain only to accomplish some benevolent objects 
he had in view.' 

"'On Thursday, September 23, at 3 o'clock, p. m. 
he had a chill, followed by fainting, which lasted 
ten minutes, and of all that passed he seemed after- 
wards entirely unconscious; but perceiving that some 
change had taken place in his clothing and bed, he 
asked 'what had happened to him V and on being 
told, remained silent for some minutes, and then 
asked the doctor if he 'thought him dangerous V The 
doctor replied that there were 'some symptoms in his 
case which he could not account for, and inquired 
w^hether he had any request to make in relation to 
his affairs;' when he replied, 'Send my sulkey, and 
horse, and baggage, to brother Brooks, with direc- 
tions to send them to brother Sherwood, and say 



246 MEMOIRS OP 

that they all belong to the college,'* Just twenty- 
four hours after, i. e. on Friday, at 3 o'clock, he 
had another similar paroxysm. 

Early on Saturday night, he requested and gave 
special directions, that a messenger should be sent 
for brother Todd, (a Baptist minister, living near 
Cambridge, fifteen miles off,) so that he might 
arrive by 9 o'clock, on Sabbath morning. This 
induced the physician and others in attendance to 
think that he expected another paroxysm of fainting 
at 3 o'clock on Sunday, which he should not survive ; 
and in all probability he wished to give some direc- 
tions to brother Todd respecting the affairs of the 
college ; but instead of the twenty-four hours as 
before, it returned in just half the time, and while 
lying calmly asleep on his right side, he expired, 
without any motion or agitation whatever.' Drs. 
Mays and Ready were in attendance the night he 
died. About half an hour before he expired, he 
asked the doctor what he thought of his case — said 
he felt pretty well, and upon the whole thought his 
symptoms more favorable. He then fell into a 
sweet sleep, and one of them felt his pulse, which 
was regular and soft, (he still asleep,) not more 
than a minute before, and on taking his chair, he 
immediately heard him breathe quicher andfuller^ 
and returning quickly again to his side, found he 
breathed no more, and thinks he ^died without ever 
waking' — Hhat he did not feel death as other men 
generally do.' 



REV- LUTHER RICE. 247 

"The doctor thinks the sudden issue was owing to 
the rupture of a large abscess in the liver. He was 
buried on Sabbath morning, at 10 o'clock, by the 
road-side, and near the Pine Pleasant Baptist church, 
which is five miles south of the Saluda river, and 
twelve miles below the Abbeville line. 
As ever, yours sincerely, 

James E. Welch." 

As the tidings of this mournful event spread over 
the United States, there was awakened in the 
bosoms of many, the most unaffected sorrow ; 
and all acknowledged that a great man had fallen 
in Israel. In the southern states he was tenderly 
loved, and wherever he was known, his talents had 
commanded respect and veneration. Among his 
brethren in the city of Richmond, was the emotion 
created by his death, especially felt. This, next 
to College Hill, had been considered his principal 
home. When his death was announced, a meeting 
of the churches was called, and among other reso- 
lutions expressive of warm christian regard, the 
Rev. J. B. Jeter was appointed to preach a dis- 
course commemorative of this event. In accor- 
dance with this request, a crowded assembly, in the 
meeting-house of the First Baptist Church, was 
addressed from Matthew, xix. 29. "And every 
one that hath forsaken houses, or brethren, or sis- 
ters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or 
lands, for my name's sake, shall receive a hundred 
fold, and shall inherit everlasting life." 



248 MEMOIRS OF 

At the Columbian College a meeting of the 
faculty was called, when the following resolutions 
were adopted: 

''Resolved, That we deeply feel and lament the 
death of so eminent a laborer in the cause of learn- 
ing and religion. 

"Resolved, That this institution has lost in the 
deceased, its most distinguished founder, and a 
friend who devoted to its interests, the fruit of 
years of unexampled labors. 

''Resolved, That we will unite with the board of 
trustees, in expressing, by appropriate pubHc exer- 
cises, our sense of his great worth and eminent ser- 
vices, and in taking measures to erect a suitable 
monument over his remains. 

"Resolved, That institutions of learning are a 
powerful means of upholding truth, and advancing 
human improvement; that designed, as they are, 
to stand for centuries, they should not be deserted 
because shaken by the vicissitudes of a day; that 
the object for which this institution was founded, 
remains, in our estimation, in undiminished impor- 
tance ; that looking at what it has accompUshed in 
the work of education, and to what, under the bless- 
ing of God, it can accomplish, its friends will find 
motives of a high character, for placing it on a 
broad and firm foundation. 

Wm. Ruggles, 

Secretary of the Faculty. ^^ 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 249 

By the appointment of the Board, the president 
of the college, Rev. Stephen Chapin, D. D. preach- 
ed a funeral sermon from 2 Samuel, vii. 9. <*I 
have made thee a great name, like unto the name 
of the great men that are upon the earth." This 
discourse was afterwards pubhshed. The follow- 
ing extracts will not be unwelcome to the reader : 

"There was something extraordinary in his life — 
extraordinary in reference to the day in which he 
lived, and to the objects which he aimed to accom- 
plish. His spirit, his views, his aims, were all dif- 
ferent from those of the christian world around him. 
For a while, he stood alone, having no kindred 
spirit to enter into his feelings and plans. Had he 
lived in the days of the apostles, when the whole 
primitive church was a missionary society, burning 
with zeal to obey the fresh and the ascending injunc- 
tion of her Saviour in sending out her heralds to 
publish the gospel to all the surrounding nations, it 
would have been strange, had he not caught the 
missionary spirit, and joined with them in their 
labors. But we must remember, that at the time 
he came into public life, the American churches 
were profoundly slumbering over this command. 
Then no missionary had left this country for dis- 
tant shores, and no foreign missions were thought 
of. How different that period from the present. 
Now the missionary spirit is burning with a bright 
and spreading flame, and missionary stations quite 
encircle the globe. How wonderful then, that Mr. 
22 



250 MEMOIRS OF 

Rice and a few other young men, should, at such a 
time, conceive a foreign mission ; consecrate them- 
selves to its service, and then, in modesty, but fix- 
edness of purpose, submit their views and their 
wishes to their fathers in the ministry. Indeed, 
there was something so remarkable in all this, that 
we cannot account for it, without admitting the 
special interposition of Providence. Yes, the time 
had come when our churches were to be roused up 
on this subject, and these young men were divinely 
moved to do it. 

"His life was also elevated. It was not devoted 
to the pursuits of gain, or ambition, or pleasure. 
Nor did he intend to spend it in the discharge of 
the ordinary duties of religion. He early resolved 
that his influence should be felt in foreign lands, 
and in future ages. His views were enlarged, his 
benevolence expansive, his aims were high, and his 
object noble. His capacious mind and heart em- 
braced the whole human family; and it was his 
purpose to aid in giving the gospel in its written 
and preached forms to the Gentile nations ; and 
thus to spend his days in those labors best fitted to 
bring on the millennial rest of the world." 

Among other testimonials of the high regard in 
which he was held in the United States, the fact 
may be mentioned, that all the periodicals of the 
denomination contained editorial and other allusions 
to his character and life. Many of these were 
highly commendatory. The following is from the 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 251 

pen of Mr. William Sands, the editor of the Reli- 
gious Herald : 

**In his death we have to mourn not only the 
departure of a zealous, devoted and untiring ser- 
vant of God, but an intimate and faithful friend. 
From its commencement he took a deep interest in 
the welfare of the Herald, and exerted himself great- 
ly in extending its patronage, when many of those 
from whom we looked for aid, stood aloof. To a 
large number of our readers he was personally 
known, venerated, and. beloved. They will with 
us sorrow for his departure. He looked on this 
city, as in a measure, his home. He took a deep 
interest in our various benevolent institutions. For 
many years, he has been present at our anniversa- 
ries, and aided us by his counsels, and incited us to 
increased efforts by his warm and pungent exhor- 
tations. We looked for his presence as that of an 
old and valued friend. There were few churches 
in Virginia below the Blue Ridge, which he had 
not visited in his repeated journeys through the 
state. 

"The cause of missions in the Baptist denomina- 
tion in this country, owes more of its prosperity 
to the indefatigable labors and unflinching zeal of 
Luther Rice, than to any other individual now liv- 
ing. By his efforts, on his return from India, he 
roused the slumbering energies of the denomination, 
and called them forth into action. He fanned the 
missionarj^ flame until it burst forth into a steady 



252 MEMoms or 

and vigorous blaze, which is now shedding a bril- 
liant light on our benighted world. Though his 
early labors in this department of christian benevo- 
lence, may now be lightly esteemed by some from 
whom better things might be e:xpected — the name 
of Luther Rice is consecrated in the affections of 
thousands, as the pioneer of the mission cause in 
our land. 

"He was also an untiring friend to the cause of 
education. To his efforts in behalf of the Columbian 
College, he has undoubtedly fallen a victim. He 
had indulged the anticipations that it would be the 
source of the most beneficial results to the denomi- 
nation. In these anticipations he was doomed to 
be disappointed. Yet his zeal in its behalf never 
faltered, amidst the greatest disappointments. May 
we not hope that this institution will yet be a bless- 
ing, and reflect lustre on the memory of its devoted 
founder. 

"Elder Rice w^as an able minister of the New 
Testament. His pulpit services were every where 
highly esteemed, and thousands have been benefitted 
by his ministrations. We have heard him preach 
with a power, energy and pathos, rarely surpassed. 
On such occasions he had complete mastery over the 
feelings of his audience, and held them willing cap- 
tives. But he was not always in so happy a frame, 
though on all occasions, he was instructing and 
interesting. 

"Brother Rice had his blemishes. He has been 
charged by some with imprudence in the manage- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 253 

ment of the college concerns. We have no doubt 
he erred ; but his faults, compared with his many 
virtues and dev^otion to the cause of his Saviour, 
sink into comparative insignificance. His removal 
is the greatest loss v^hich our denomination could 
have sustained in the death of any one man in the 
country. No one has been more devoted to our 
interests, has defended our denominational views 
with more zeal, or has rendered us greater service. 
Posterity will revere his memory, in conjunction 
with that of Judson, as a public benefactor, and in 
the language of an elegant author, 'recorded honors 
shall yet gather thick around his tomb.' He was a 
burning and a shining hght, and we rejoiced for a 
season in his light. As long as our denomination 
has existence, the memory of Luther Rice will be 
held in grateful remembrance." 

From the columns of the Herald, the remarks 
inserted below, and written by Rev. William F. 
Broaddus, are extracted. 

^'When I saw in the Herald of the 28th ult., a 
notice of the departure of our dear brother, Luther 
Rice, my heart sunk within me, and I began to say 
to myself, (perhaps wickedly,) better for the cause 
of religion that scores of ordinary soldiers of the 
cross had been removed from the field of battle, 
than that this mighty man should have been taken 
away. The Lord forgive a poor, short-sighted 
worm for thus presuming, for a moment, to question 
the wisdom of his administration, however inscru* 
22* 



254 MEMOIRS OF 

table ! But, O, brother Sands, where shall we go to 
find such a man as Luther Rice '( 

*'I have often been associated with brother Rice 
at the anniversaries of our benevolent societies, and 
I could never see him on such occasions, without 
feeling as if I were in the presence of the apostle of 
American missions. His soul seemed peculiarly 
alive to the wants of a perishing world. In all that 
he said, however, with respect to the spread of the 
gospel, it was obvious that the all absorbing motives 
with him was the glory of the Redeemer. He 
loved the souls of men, and therefore sought their 
salvation; but it was mainly because he saw in the 
. recovery of sinners, the exhibition of God's glory, 
that he so ardently longed for their salvation. O 
that this were the predominant motive with all who 
are giving either their personal exertions, or their 
gold and silver to the cause of missions. No chris- 
tian could hear brother Rice speak upon the univer- 
sal triumph of the cross, without having his soul 
fired with the desire of seeing the banner of Imma- 
nuel waving over all the nations of the earth. 

^'Brother Rice was not, properly speaking, a 
literary man, although he had received in early life 
an accomplished education. Incessantly travelling 
to pi'each the gospel and ta encourage the disciples of 
Jesus in the good work af extending his kingdom, 
he had but little time to. devote to literary pursuits. 
Still he kept pace with the improvements of the 
age ; and there were few subjects of importance in 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 255 

any degree connected with the present or eternal 
happiness of mankind, with which he was not most 
famiharly acquainted. His efforts in behalf of the 
Columbian College, together with his co-operation 
in every scheme proposing to advance the cause of 
education, especially among the christian ministry, 
furnish abundant testimony that he knew how to 
value education. His great wish, his earnest prayer 
for the American Baptists was, that they might have 
an enlightened, as well as pious ministry. It was 
probably his zeal for the Columbian College, that 
brought on the disease which carried him to an 
early grave. For many years, he had exposed 
himself to hardships almost incredible, in visiting 
almost every corner of the United States, collecting 
funds to relieve the college from its pecuniary 
embarrassments. How far his efforts have suc- 
ceeded in laying the foundation for final relief to 
this interesting institution, I cannot say — but when 
I consider, that this college has, by his indefatigable 
labors, been kept aUve, until it has furnished the 
American Baptists with such men as Wyer, and 
Adams, and Ryland, and Knowles, and Malcom, 
and others who are now standing among the most 
useful of our preachers, I cannot believe that it will 
now be permitted to sink. 

"I have been thinking that He who sees the end 
from the beginning, may have removed brother Rice 
for the salvation of the college. We have been 
depending almost exclusively upon his exertions to 



256 MEMOIRS OF 

sustain this institution ; consequently, more was ex- 
pected from him than was in any one man's power 
to accompHsh. Perhaps, now that he is taken 
away, hundreds will awake to the importance of 
bringing the college to the point of influence and 
usefulness originally anticipated for it, and will put 
forth greater exertions than ever in its behalf; and 
thus, while his life may be justly regarded as mate- 
rially aiding the concern, his death may, under God, 
be the means of doing more for this noble enter- 
prise, than his laborious life had ever done. God 
grant that this may be the case. 

*^Is there any one, brother Sands, who can write 
a biography of this interesting man? It would, 
perhaps, be a difficult undertaking ; and unless he 
has left more materials than I suppose he has, it 
must be but imperfectly accomplished. But half a 
biography of such a man would be eagerly sought 
after throughout the United States. I hope it will 
be undertaken speedily by some competent hand. 
It is necessary, in order that the christian public 
may have those erroneous impressions corrected, 
which have been produced by the various misrepre- 
sentations made of his character; and moreover, 
such a work might do much good, by stirring up a 
more active spirit in the glorious cause in which he 
spent his most valuable life." 

A short time after the above was published, 
another interesting reference to some of the distin- 
guishing traits of his character, connected with 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 257 

recollections of a last interview with him. This 
was written by the Rev. Joseph S. Baker. 

"His devotion to the cause of missions, and to 
the cause of ministerial education, is well known, 
and has already been the subject of frequent ani- 
madversion. There was yet another object that lay 
near his heart, and was not forgotten, either in his 
conversations with his christian brethren, or in his 
prayers. This was the revival of pure and unde- 
filed religion within the District of Columbia, par- 
ticularly in the city of V/ashington, and still more 
particularly amongst the officers of government. He 
had travelled much, was an attentive observer of 
men and things, and, consequently, had not failed 
to observe the immense influence which the metro- 
pohs of our country, and particularly the officers 
of government, were exertino* through the whole 
length and breadth of our land. His benevolent 
soul longed to see this influence exerted in favoring 
the advancement of God's glory, and the eternal 
salvation of his fellow-men. For this he prayed, 
and for this he labored to bring others to pray. 

"I was with him from the 18th to the 16th of 
August, (but a little more than a month before his 
demise,) at a camp-meeting held at the Cross Roads, 
in Hahfax. He was then on his way to the south. 
There was an unusual gravity in his deportment, 
both in public and in private. I do not remember, 
during that period, to have heard him engage in any 
conversation that was not, in some way or other. 



258 MEMOIRS OF 

connected with the cause of God. It was very 
evident that the three objects, to which I have 
above alluded, pressed with much weight upon his 
mind. He advocated, in public, the cause of God 
and a perishing world, as connected with the circu- 
lation of the Word of Life, fully and faithfully trans- 
lated. In private, he proposed to several of us to 
unite with him, on the fourth Monday evening in 
each month, in concert of prayer, for revivals of 
religion in schools, academies, and colleges, and 
amongst the officers of government. There was an 
uncommon earnestness in the interrogatory, 'Will 
you? with which he followed his propositions. It 
was also accompanied with a searching look, as 
though he would pry into the secret recesses of our 
souls, to see whether he could find a spirit there 
congenial with his own. 

'^I was constrained to leave the camp-ground on 
the morning of the 16th. I had been appointed to 
preach at eight or nine o'clock; brother Rice was to 
follow at eleven o'clock. On leaving the house, 
after preaching, to go to my house, I was followed 
by brother Rice. He had understood that there was 
a prospect of my leaving my present field of labor, 
and had followed me, for the purpose of endeavor- 
ing to prevail upon me to go to Washington. He 
represented that the church at the navy-yard was 
without a pastor; spoke feelingly, but aflfectionately, 
of the state of things in the church under the care 
of brother Brown ; expressed an ardent desire that 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 259 

they might be blessed with a revival of religion in 
the citv; alluded to the number and the influence 
of the government; descanted upon the salutary- 
influence which such a revival of religion would 
probably exert throughout the Union; and added 
much more, with the view of impressing upon me 
the importance of the situation. He seemed to feel 
forjhe citizens of Washington the yearnings w^hich 
a fond and benevolent father experiences, w^hen he 
sees a beloved son expending, in vain and foohsh 
pursuits, the powers which, if properly directed, 
might render him a subject of praise, and a blessing 
to the age and community in which he Hved. He 
felt for the individual interest of the community — 
and he felt the more, because of its intimate con- 
nection with the cause of Christ. May the Lord 
yet evince, by an outpouring of his spirit upon the 
citizens of Washington, and the officers of govern- 
ment, that the prayers of this devoted servant were 
not in vain. 

"I have thought the above sketch, hasty and 
imperfect as it is, might possibly prove interesting 
to the friends of our deceased brother, as it is cal- 
culated to throw some faint light upon the opera- 
tions of his mind, towards the close of his life. If 
you concur in this opinion, you may give it a place 
in your paper. Sweeter than the mellow rays of a 
setting sun, is the peaceful end of a faithful servant 
of God. 



260 MEMOIRS OF 

**Our brother is gone. We know that we shall 
see his face no more on earth — no more be greeted 
with his smiles — no more listen to the counsel and 
the affectionate admonitions which were wont to 
drop from his Hp, like gentle dew from heaven. In 
the grave, to which he has been consigned, his re- 
mains must he, until the sound of the last solemn 
trumpet shall break through the silence of the tomb, 
and bid the dead *awake.' This reflection spreads 
a gloom upon the soul; but the melancholy thus 
produced is again relieved by the recollection of 
the virtues of the deceased, and by the fond hope 
that these virtues will not lie buried with him in the 
tomb, but, like the mantle of Elijah, will rest upon 
the head of some surviving Elisha; or, like the 
light of the sun, in his absence, will be reflected 
from thousands of those whom he has left behind, 
revolving in their several orbs. 

"I must heartily concur, with those who have 
preceded me, in the expression of a hope that some 
competent person will undertake to write his biogra- 
phy, and that at an early period." 

The Rev. Mr. Meredith, editor of the Biblical 
Recorder, makes the following very pathetic, yet 
appropriate allusion to Mr. Rice : 

"It is a most gratifying fact, and one well known 
to his friends, that for several years past, the de- 
ceased has been rapidly maturing for a better world. 
Deeply affected by the vanity and uncertainty, and 
perhaps ingratitude, of the present state, his affec- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 261 

tions and his thoughts have been gradually drawn 
away and concentrated upon higher and holier ob- 
jects. His style of preaching, his conversation, and 
all the habits and manners of his life, plainly indi- 
cated a state of mind having but little congeniality 
with the present world, and far advanced in fitness 
for the next." 

The Rev. Mr. Mercer, of Georgia, thus refers to 
some traits of his character : 

"Mr. Rice's self-denial was equal to his devotion 
to every good cause. Like his blessed master, he 
went about doing good. He looked over the world, 
and found it full of human miseries, and forthwith 
he labored with all his might for their removal. 
Thus laboring, not unfrequently, w^as he exposed to 
heat, to cold, and to the colder treatment of those 
whose good he sought to promote. For even Lu- 
ther Rice had his enemies, may we not say his per- 
secutors ? With talents of the very first order, and 
an education that would have secured to him the 
smiles and the favors of those w^ho are deservedly 
called wise and good, he travelled up and down in 
the earth for the benefit of others. Oft-times, clad 
in tattered garments, to a stranger he would appear 
to resemble more a poor beggar than a great and 
good man. So cold-hearted selfishness has often 
treated those, of whom the world has not been w^or- 
thy. A few kindred souls, however, who knew 
how to appreciate his self-denying labors, frequent- 
23 



262 MEMOIRS OF 

\y ministered to his necessities. The Lord will 
reward them in that day! 

"Mr. Rice was a powerful preacher. His thoughts 
were often original, and most generally expressed 
with a pathos and energy, peculiarly his own. There 
are thousands in these United States, who will long 
recollect his fine appearance in the pulpit, and the 
valuable instructions they have received from his 
sermons. 

"But he has gone the way of all the earth. Pos- 
terity will do him justice. His name will stand 
upon a bright page in the history of his denomi- 
nation, as no doubt it does in the Lamb's book of 
life, in a better world than this. His labors here 
are done, but who can calculate their important 
bearings?" 

At the June anniversaries held in Richmond, in 
1837, the vacancy occasioned by Mr. Rice's remo- 
val was severely felt. So regular had been his 
attendance, and with so much freedom had he 
mingled in their deliberations, that he was consi- 
dered, in a measure, identified with all the great 
denominational operations of the state. By long, 
intimate, and endeared intercourse with almost all 
the ministers, and many private brethren, a mutual 
attachment had been created, which, even the stroke 
of death could not destroy. The numerous delega- 
tion wiiich met on the occasion referred to, remem- 
bered him with melancholy interest though they 
saw him not. Frequently were incidental allusions 
made to the bereaving Providence which had call- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 263 

ed him away, both in public and private. And 
whenever the name of Luther Rice Avas repeated, 
the solemn silence, and the tearful eye, gave evi- 
dence how much he was beloved. In what esti- 
mation he was regarded, may be judged from the 
following extract taken from the report of the Bap- 
tist General Association of Virginia : 

^•It w^ould not be suitable to close this report with- 
out referring to an event which has been keenly felt 
by the Baptists of Virginia. Since the last annual 
meeting, the providence of God has called away our 
esteemed brother, Luther Rice, from the scene of 
his earthly labors. As the friend of an enlightened 
and pious ministry, it is known he occupied eleva- 
ted ground. To promote this great object, he spent 
the best of his life. He was amono; the earliest and 
most devoted friends of our beloved seminary, al- 
though his labors were chiefly directed to the inte- 
rests of another institution. The duties of his 
agency led him, indeed, into other states, but he 
alw^ays delighted to call Virginia, *home.' Scarce- 
ly W'ith any intermission, he annually attended our 
general meetings, and always interested himself and 
labored as one at home. And here, he always 
found a hearty welcome. We loved him for the 
truth's sake — we loved him for his work's sake. 
But he is gone. We shall see his face no more. 
That tongue, which at our last anniversary, plead 
with such overpowering eloquence on behalf of 
dying men, is now mute in death. His majestic 



264 MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 

form rests quietly beneath a little mound of earth, 
but we have reason to believe his happy spirit has 
gone to commune with a Clopton, and Semple, and 
with his earliest coadjutor, the lamented Mrs. Jud- 
son. We cannot but venerate his memory, for 
vvith all his frailties, he was a great and good man. 

^*May the great Lord of the harvest raise up 
many such to labor in his vineyard." 

It has been already stated, that the remains of 
our esteemed brother were entombed in the grave* 
yard of the Pine Pleasant Church, Edgefield Dis* 
trict, South Carolina. The Baptist convention of 
that state, at their annual meeting, in 1837, resolved 
to erect a simple, yet permanent monument to his 
memory. It is a large marble slab, laid on raised 
brick work, and surrounded by a brick wall. The 
inscription was prepared by the Rev^ J. L. Brooks, 
and very appropriately delineates the character of 
him who sleeps beneath it; an exact copy will 
here be inserted. 



BORN ) 

arch 25th, > 
..D.1783, ) 



March 
A 




BENE.VTH THIS MaRBLE 

Are deposited the remains of 
Elder LUTHER RICE, 

A MINISTER OF CHRIST, OF THE BAPTIST DENOMINATION. 

He was a native of Northboro', Massachusetts, 

And departed this life in Edgefield District, S. C. 

In the death of this distunguished servant of the Lord, "is a great man 

fallen in Israel." 



THAN HE, 

Perhaps no American has done more 
for the great Missionary Enterprise- 
It is thought the first American 
Foreign Mission, on which he went 
to India, associated with Judson 
and others, origmated with him. 
And if the Barmans have cause 
of gratitude toward Judson, for a 

faithful version of God's Word 5 

so they will thro' generations to come 

"arise up and call Rice, blessed^" 

for it was his eloquent appeals for the 

Heathen, on his return to America, 

which raised our Baptist churches 

to adopt the Burman Mission, 

and sustain Judson in his 



No Baptist has done more 
for the cause of education. 



He founded "The Columbian Col- 
lege in the District of Columbia," 
wluch he benevolently intended, 
by its central position, 
to diffuse knowledge, 
both literary and religious, 
through these United States. 
And if, for want of deserved 
patronage, that unfortunate 
Institution, which was the special 

subject of his prayers and toils, 

for the last fifteen years of his life, 

fail to fulfil the 

high purpose of its founder; 

yet, the spirit of education, 

awakened by his labors, 

shall accomplish his noble aim. 



arduous toils. 

LUTHER RICE, 

With a portly person and commanding presence. 
Combined a strong and brilliant intellect. 

As a theologian he was orthodox; 
A scholar, his education was liberal. 
He was an eloquent and powerful preacher; 
A self-denying and indefatigable philanthropist. 

His frailties with his dust are entombed; 
And, upon the walls of Zion, his virtues engraven. 

By order of the Baptist Convention, for the state of South Carolina, 

This Monument is erected 
To His Memory. 



266 MEMOIRS OF 

The letters engraved upon this marble, but few 
comparatively, will trace. The solitary spot, where 
lies all that is mortal of the servant of God, will 
seldom be trodden by the foot of man. The house 
of worship which stood near the grave, has since 
the interment been consumed by fire, and will 
probably not be rebuilt. 

Occasionally, some friend will turn aside to drop 
a tear over departed merit, while he reads the brief 
memorial which affection has inscribed. But a 
more enduring monument than this, has been reared. 
His works do follow him — not only to the world 
above as evidences of unfeigned piety, but they live 
in the recollections of thousands who were the wit- 
nesses of his zeal and love. Nor will the present 
generation alone think of and regard him. When 
the hand of time shall have marred the epitaph, now 
found upon the marble stone, he will still be known 
and honored. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

REFERENCE TO MR RICe's PERSONAL APPEARANCE 

DIGNITY OF MANNER SELF POSSESSION ANEC- 
DOTE STYLE OF HIS SERMONS THEIR ATTRAC- 
TIVENESS DOCTRINAL CHARACTER IMPORTANCE OF 

DOCTRINAL DISCOURSES METHOD OF READING THE 

BIBLE, AND SELECTING TEXTS ADVANTAGE OF THIS 

SYSTEM — HIGHLY GIFTED IN PRAYER QUALIFI- 
CATIONS FOR PASTORAL LABOR. 

It will now be the duty of the biographer, to 
notice some particulars for which Mr. Rice was re- 
markable in his ministerial character and labors. 
As a preacher of righteousness, he has been rarely 
excelled. By nature he was endowed with many 
of the essential attributes of an effective speaker. 
His appearance was highly prepossessing. Above 
the ordinary height, with a robust and perfectly 
erect form, there was at once produced on the mind 
of the beholder a most favorable impression. None 
could fail to entertain respect, for it was demanded 
by a peculiar dignitj^ of appearance and manner. 
Especially was this true, when he arose in the 
pulpit, with a full face, and comparatively small 
eyes, there was sometimes rather a dull and heavy 
cast of countenance, which immediately changed, 
when he became animated by speaking ; his voice 
was clear and melodious. He had but Httle action, 
which however was appropriate, and graceful. He 



268 MEMOIRS OF 

was at all times, when he addressed an assembly, 
remarkable for self possession. Nothing seemed 
capable of discomposing his mind. Perhaps few 
speakers have been apparently less affected by 
external circumstances ; whatever might be the 
character of the congregation, whether large or 
small, intelligent or ignorant, whether in the city, or 
country, he was always distinguished for the same 
dignity of manner and readiness of utterance. 

Although the writer, for many years, was often 
privileged to hear him, but a single occasion is 
remembered, when he seemed to be disconcerted, 
and even then, by a happy use of the unpleasant 
circumstance, a most solemn impression was left 
upon the minds of all who heard him. At an asso- 
ciational meeting, when- an immensely large assem- 
blage were seated before him, under the full foliage 
of a beautiful grove, he was interrupted by a few 
young persons, whose frivolous behaviour was at- 
tracting the attention of almost all by whom they 
were immediately surrounded. His subject, on that 
day was the future and eternal punishment of the 
wicked, which he treated with unusual clearness and 
power. In the midst of some of his most searching 
appeals, he paused, and looking for a moment with 
unutterable tenderness upon the thoughtless group, 
he faithfully and affectionately warned them of their 
fearful danger, and with tears streaming down his 
cheeks, besought them to repent and turn to God. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 269 

The style of Mr. Rice's sermons was, in many 
respects, superior. A refined critical taste could 
perhaps have discovered, at times, a redundancy of 
words and phrases, but this was no more than might 
have been expected from discourses w^hich were 
always extemporaneous, especially when it is known 
that the multiplicity of other duties allowed but little 
time for preparation. Rather may it be considered 
as remarkable, that with so little leisure — having 
been, from the period of leaving the seminary, 
wholly employed in other matters — there should 
have been so much freedom from defect. While 
he was almost wholly engrossed with perplexing 
cares, connected wdth the mission and the college, 
his liberal education and his great, comprehensive 
mind, enabled him with ease and clearness to dis- 
cuss the various topics introduced in his discourses. 

As has just been intimated, his pulpit efforts were 
highly attractive. The moment he began to speak, 
attention was roused, and uniformly the interest 
thus awakened was kept up throughout the services. 
The clearness of his conceptions, the accuracy and 
force of his language, and the solemn dignity of his 
manner, all contributed to render him one of the 
most interesting public speakers of our land. Occa- 
sionally, his eloquence was almost overpowering, 
pai"ticularly w^hen he advocated the more subhme 
doctrines of our holy religion. Indeed, in the dis« 
cussion of such topics, he may be regarded as 
having been most felicitous. There seems to have 



270 MEMOIRS OF 

been a coincidence between the operations of his 
own mind, and those ti'uths which, in their very 
nature, are vast and grand. The terribleness of 
Jehovah's wrath, the severity of his justice, and the 
rectitude of all his decisions, were themes which 
gave ample scope to his vigorous intellect, and in 
the discussion of which he was not only instructive, 
but exceedingly impressive. 

This leads to the remark that his sermons w^ere 
characteristically doctrinal. He was never more 
happy than when illustrating, or defending, some 
one of the divine attributes, and especially the sove- 
reignty of God. The necessity and power of the 
spirit's operation, with the Deity and efficacious 
atonement of Jesus Christ, were also topics upon 
w^hich he frequently dw^elt. He often seemed at a 
loss for words adequately to express his lively ap- 
prehension of the doctrine of human depravity. 
Man was contemplated as involved in fearful and 
utter ruin, and justly exposed to the malediction of 
God's holy law. These, and kindred doctrines, 
constituted the chief burden of his discourses. 
Nothing could deter him from holding up the truth, 
and commending it to the attention of his hearers. 
In this respect he was remarkable. The fear of 
man, which bringeth a snare, he knew not; nor 
could flattery and applause induce him to compro- 
mise the w^ord of God. 

"Well do I remember," said an intelligent brother, 
'^^the impressions made upon my mind the first time 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 271 

I ever heard him preach. I could not refrain from 
remarking subsequently, to several brethren, that he 
seemed to keep the glory of God more distinctly in 
view, in his preaching, than any individual I had 
ever before heard. This v^' as his great, his peculiar 
characteristic — a thirsting for the advancement of 
the glory of God. *Thy kingdom come ; thy will 
be done on earth as it is in heaven,' seemed to 
be the constant and the fervent aspiration of his 
heart.'' 

It was by some thought that his preaching was 
too doctrinal ; that his ministry might have been in 
a higher degree profitable, had he more frequently 
pressed the calls and commands of the gospel upon 
the consciences of men. While it is remembered 
that Mr. Rice did not neglect to enforce practical 
religion, it should also be borne in mind that every 
minister of Jesus Christ may be expected to have 
his own peculiar manner of doing good. The great 
Head of the church has wisely and benevolently 
ordained, that men of different talents and address 
shall be brought into his service. Some are set for 
the defence of the gospel. These, by their peculiar 
conformation of mind, or the circumstances by 
which they are surrounded, may be so intent to 
maintain the cardinal doctrines of revelation, that 
experimental and practical religion may sometimes 
seem to be neglected. Then there are those, less 
qualified, indeed, to stand upon the ramparts of 
truth, but who are eminently fitted to attend to 



272 MEMOIRS OF 

Other equally important services in this great war- 
fare. One has a talent for argumentation, another 
for warning, and a third for entreaty. Some are 
remarkable for the clearness and cogency of their 
thoughts and illustrations, and others for the over- 
whelming influence of persuasive eloquence. 

With respect to the peculiarity in the discourses 
of Mr. Rice, to which we have referred, abundant 
evidence exists to convince all, that the Lord in- 
tended to make his ministry very effectual in the 
instruction and edification of the household of faith. 
His knowledge of the Scriptures being profound and 
accurate, he was well skilled in the elucidation of 
difficult passages, and in exhibiting the harmony of 
various doctrines of the gospel, one with another. 
With him, the ascertainment and inculcation of 
truth was an object of paramount importance. 
And who does not perceive, that this disposition to 
investigate and expound the doctrines of the Bible, 
was likely, in an eminent degree, to insure useful- 
ness? 

It is not enough to effect the translation of men 
from the kingdom of darkness, into the kingdom of 
God's dear Son. When, by the divine blessing, this 
has been effected, there is ground for holy joy, but 
much yet remains to be done. They are to be 
taught the way of God more perfectly, and, to per- 
form this work, the instructor will have need, him- 
self, to understand thoroughly the lively oracles. 
It will not be enough, simply to enforce the precepts 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 273 

of the gospel : the truth, in its spirit and tendency, 
must be unfolded and enforced, that believers may 
be built up and established in their most holy faith. 
It was a source of unutterable joy, in the decline of 
life, to the apostle John, "that the truth dwelt in his 
children, and that they walked in the truth." And 
in every age the church had been pure and effi- 
cient, in proportion as scriptural principles have 
constituted a prominent part of the instructions of 
the pastor or teacher. We need among our churches 
a greater number of workmen that need not to be 
ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. Such 
was Luther Rice. 

Elder William F. Broaddus, in advertinsr to this 
subject, remarks : 

"As a minister of the gospel, I doubt whether 
brother Rice had an equal in all these United States. 
I have had the privilege of listening to the pulpit 
exhibitions of many to whom common fame had 
awarded a place in the very first rank of preachers, 
and I am free to confess, that I have never heard 
so complete a gospel from the lips of any man, as I 
have heard from him. I do not mean to say, that 
he excelled in what are generally considered as in- 
dispensable to an accomplished pulpit orator ; such 
as gesticulation, rhetorical precision, &c. He was 
by no means deficient in these particulars ; but it 
was in real strength, as an expounder of the Bible, 
as a teacher of the way of salvation to perishing 
sinners, that he excelled. His ordinary mode of 
24 



274 MEMOIRS OF 

preaching was to go regularly through the writings 
of the evangelists and apostles ; reading a w^hole 
chapter, and selecting a portion of it as a text from 
which to derive arguments for the great salvation. 
Redemption by the blood of Jesus, was the great 
theme of his sermons ; while he never neglected to 
urge a holy life as the best evidence of the value 
and wholesome tendency of that influence, by which 
men are fitted for the heavenly glory. I have heard 
it said, that he sometimes failed in his attempts to 
preach. I have never witnessed one of his failures. 
Whenever I have heard him, he seemed to me to 
have a view of the subject under discussion, clear 
as the light of a noonday and cloudless sun — and I 
think I have never heard a sermon from him with- 
out receiving some light concerning the way of 
truth, which I had never enjoyed before." 

The plan which for many years was pursued by 
Mr. Rice, in some respects, contributed to make 
him more familiar with the general scope and con- 
nection of the inspired writings. He not only read 
the Scriptures in regular order, but from each chap- 
ter in succession, obtained the subject of his dis- 
course. Thus having preached from any one chap- 
ter, the next was immediately examined, and care- 
fully studied ; thus preparing himself for another 
opportunity of addressing the congregation. 

Such a method of contemplating the word of 
God is fraught with the most beneficial results. 
Though it may not be expedient for every minister 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 275 

in his public addresses to pursue the course just refer- 
red to, it is of transcendant importance that he study 
revealed truth in a regular connected manner, thus 
obtaining clear views of its import and design. So 
essential is such knowledge, that scholastic learn- 
ing, or even an acquaintance with the best theolo- 
gical works, will not compensate for its absence. 
Literary acquisitions are not to be undervalued, but 
they are far less important than an intimate ac- 
quaintance with God's own book. The spiritual 
teacher may be able to amuse the multitude, and 
excite their applause by illustrations drawn from 
the whole circle of the sciences, and yet his minis- 
trations rarely prove effectual to the conversion of 
a soul. The two-edged sword of the spirit can be 
so covered with the ornaments of rhetoric, as to 
render it but little effectual, and even useless. But 
he who understands its intrinsic excellence and 
power, and becomes skilled in wielding it, may ex- 
pect, under God, to Vv ar a good warfare against the 
powers of darkness; "bringing into captivity every 
thought to the obedience of faith." It was this 
familiarity with scriptural truth, that constituted 
one of the prominent excellencies of Mr. Rice's 
ministry. During the period of his active toils for 
the mission and the college, he had leisure to read 
but little, excepting the Bible, and this he studied 
habitually, and with much care. 

Our esteemed brother was exceedingly gifted in 
prayer. There was not only a richness in the 



276 MEMOIRS OF 

variety of objects named, and great simplicity of 
language, but a fervency and unction of soul sel- 
dom equalled. He seemed to draw very near the 
mercy seat, and to speak as one who was familiar 
w^ith the employ. It has been often observed by 
the pious, that they have derived more spiritual 
profit from his prayers, than from many labored 
discourses. He scarcely ever prayed in public, 
without utterinoj the most humiliatino; confessions 
of the exceeding sinfulness of sin, while he gloried 
in the freeness and sovereignty of that grace, which 
is treasured in Christ Jesus, and which is made 
effectual unto salvation by the indwelling of the 
Holy Spirit. Among the topics which he never 
omitted to mention in his petitions, w^ere the inte- 
rests of missions and education. In connection w^ith 
the latter subject, the Columbian College was usu- 
ally mentioned by name. 

The extensive journeys which for many years 
were performed by Mr. Rice, afforded numerous 
opportunities of addressing his fellow-men on the 
great themes of judgment and eternity. His con- 
gregations and the circumstances by which he was 
surrounded, were continually varying. This, doubt- 
less, was one cause of that ease and readiness, for 
w^hich he was so remarkable. He never seemed 
unprepared or unwilling to speak when called upon 
to do so, bv the desire of his brethren. One of his 
best sermons on an anniversary occasion, was de- 
livered with a previous notice of not more than half 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 277 

an hour. The minister appointed to preach the 
introductory discourse having failed to attend, he 
was soUcited to occupy the pulpit. Without hesi- 
tation or apology, he addressed a crowded audience, 
among which, was a large number of ministers 
from different parts of the coiintry, in a most appro- 
priate and impressive manner. 

It can scarcely be expected that his discourses 
would be distinguished by a great degree of variety, 
either in sentiment or style. As already stated, 
they were always excellent, and sometimes supe- 
rior ; but his itinerant habits precluded the possibi- 
lity of bestowing upon them that time and study, 
which he himself desired. His mind was perpe- 
tually absorbed by secular cares. The vexatious 
labor of providing funds, was his business from the 
time of his return to this country, nor did he find a 
respite, until he found it in the grave. A large 
portion of the time too, he was toiling to secure 
funds for an institution overwhelmed in debt. 

That he would have made one of the first pulpit 
speakers of his day, had his attention been wholly 
directed to the ministry, none who knew him, can 
doubt. Had his divine Master allowed him to labor 
in some city congregation, where he might have 
commanded the time and facilities for patient inves- 
tigation, there is reasoh to believe, he would have 
eminently distinguished himself by his varied and 
profound biblical knowledge. 
24=^ 



278 MEMOIRS OF 

The same may be said respecting the probable 
extent of his usefulness as a pastor. Many of the 
essentials of a good bishop were united in him. In . 
a few instances, opportunity has been furnished to 
manifest the readiness with which he could adapt 
his observations to the peculiar circumstances of 
the circle into which he was brought. The writer 
in pei'forming pastoral duty, was, on two or three 
occasions, accompanied by him. His remarks in- 
dicated not only an intimate knowledge of human 
nature, but peculiar skill in the application of scrip- 
tural truth. One of these seasons especially, will 
never be forgotten. Among other visits, the lowly 
dwelling of a poor, but pious widow, was entered. 
While every thing around betokened the absence of 
mere earthly good, spiritual prosperity was evident- 
ly not a stranger. Mr. Rice was deeply affected. 
He seized upon that paragraph in the first epistle of 
Peter, from the first verse to the eighth, and dilated 
upon it with unusual emphasis and unction. When 
he reached the passage, ^^he trial of your faith 
being much more precious than of gold that perish- 
eth, though it be tried with fire," he applied it with 
sympathizing tenderness to the circumstances of the 
afflicted saint before him. Seeming to understand 
the peculiarity of her sufferings, he poured into her 
wounded heart the healing consolations of that truth, 
that all these trials would "be found unto praise, 
and honor, and glory, at the appearing of Jesus 
Christ/* 



REV. LUTHEK RICE. 279 

That he might enjoy the opportunity of develo- 
ping more fulJy his talent for pulpit and pastoral 
labor, was frequently desired by his judicious friends. 
Especially was this true towards the close of his 
earthly career, when he himself so ardently sought 
it. But the great Head of the church, in his uner- 
ring decisions, allowed not his wishes and those of 
his brethren to be gratified. The Lord doeth all 
things well. 

"Deep in unfathomable mines 
Of never failing skill. 
He treasures up his bright designs, 
And works his sovereign will." 



CHAPTER XIV. 

REFERENCE TO MR. RICe's EXTENSIVE INFLUENCE AND 
USEFULNESS RESULTS OF HIS CHANGE OF SENTI- 
MENT WORK ON BAPTISM WRITTEN USEFULNESS 

IN THE MISSION CAUSE LETTER FROM MR. WADE 

SUCCESS IN PROMOTING MINISTERIAL IMPROVE- 
MENT FAILURE TO RETURN TO INDIA VINDICATED 

SOLEMN PLEDGE ON THIS SUBJECT INTERESTING 

LETTER FROM MR. KINCAID LETTER FROM MR. JUD- 

SON HOME MISSIONS PROJECTED SUCCESS IN EXCI- 
TING THE CHURCHES TO THE EXERCISE OF BENEVO- 
LENCE UNION OF THE DENOMINATION PROMOTED. 

The part which Mr. Rice has borne in our 
denominational history, may well endear his me- 
mory to all our churches. It will be suitable in 
this chapter to bring together in one view, all those 
prominent particulars, in which he may be regard- 
ed as having effected vast good, and to notice some 
of the indications of that extensive influence which 
he possessed. 

The circumstances under which he first became 
connected wuth the Baptists, must appear to the 
diligent observer of events, somewhat extraordi- 
nary. The simultaneous investigations of Judson 
and himself, when separated from each other, and 
the numerous obstacles through which they were 
compelled to press, in maintaining the triumph of 



MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 281 

principle, furnish satisfactory evidence that they 
were guided and upheld by an unseen, but Almighty 
arm. The results of this change, in respect to the 
baptismal controversy, have been beneficial. They 
occupied a high and imposing position. The eye 
of the chinstian world was upon them, and when 
they came forth, declaring their solemn conviction 
that they had been negligent of an important com- 
mand of their divine Lord, their testimony was 
heard by all. It was a startling, and unexpected 
annunciation. By it they entered their strong pro- 
test against some of the remaining errors of the great 
apostacy, and their decided disapproval of the con- 
duct of thousands, who, in this respect, were living 
in habitual disobedience. When Mr. Rice returned 
to the United States, and from one end of the land 
to the other, was engaged in advocating the claims 
of a heathen world ; he was also recognized as a 
convert from the errors of pedobaptism. All were 
compelled to own that he had personally sacrificed 
much in abandoning the practice of infant sprink- 
ling. His influence in this respect, was by no 
means small. If not a word had been uttered by 
him on the subject of baptism, his example would 
still have spoken in a tone loud and forcible. 

In many instances, he was required by the strong 
wash of his brethren, both among the Pedobaptists 
and Baptists to furnish the reasons, which produced 
a revolution in his own mind. This he never hesi- 
tated to do. With meekness and fear, the whole 



282 MEMOIRS OF 

process of investigation was stated. In doing so 
he would sometimes be much affected. A retrospect 
of the way along which the Lord had led him, 
created deep humiliation and devout gratitude. 

The influence exercised on Pedobaptists was the 
greater on account of the kind and christian-like 
temper w^hich he exhibited. He was not afraid to 
speak plainly on this subject. The error against 
which he remonstrated, he did not regard as incon- 
siderable. But he spoke the truth in love. By 
experience he knew the power of early formed 
prejudices, and while by the manifestation of the 
truth, he commended himself to the conscience, he 
endeavoured to do so by conciliating the good feel- 
ings of those he addressed. Nor was he unsuccess- 
ful, in producing conviction on the minds of Pedo- 
baptists. Many in different parts of the United 
States, acknowledge him as the instrument of open- 
ing their eyes to the discovery of their error. 

During his voyage to this country, he prepared a 
treatise, on the subject of baptism, in a series of 
letters to his brother. A considerable portion of 
this essay is occupied by the consideration of the 
Abrahamic Covenant. Had his life been longer 
spared, it is not improbable, that in an abridged 
form, it would have been given to the public. It 
may yet see the light. 

The extensive usefulness of Mr. Rice is still more 
prominently manifest in the history of those great 
movements, by which as a denomination, the bap- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 283 

tized believers of this country, have sent the gospel 
to various and distant portions of the earth. These 
operations are mainly to be attributed to his influ- 
ence. When he returned from Asia, in common 
with the great mass of other denominations, the 
Baptists vs^ere slumbering over their duty to a fallen 
world. They had scarcely allowed themselves to 
look over the many portions of the globe, upon 
which the dense gloom of moral night had settled. 
Scarcely had they remembered, that hundreds of 
millions of immortal beings were worshipping idol 
gods, and covered with guilt were hastening to the 
pit of despair. Nor could any means have so 
effectually aroused their slumbering energies, as the 
personal and unremitted exertions of Mr. Rice. 
Aside from his qualifications, physical, intellectual 
and moral, he had just returned from Asia, and had 
been a spectator of the horrors of heathenism. In 
addition to this, the fact that he had recently 
changed his views on the subject of baptism, and 
under circumstances so peculiar, gave him a com- 
manding influence, an influence which could have 
been exercised by no other man in our country. 

Few men, if any, then among the churches were 
prepared to take the enlarged and comprehensive 
views on the subject of missions, which were enter- 
tained by Mr. Rice. He aimed to enlist the entire 
denomination in the work. And he was to a great 
extent successful. To every part he travelled, 
visited almost every association, and corresponded 



284 MEMOIRS OF 

with nearly all the ministers of our land. By- 
means of the Latter Day Luminary, many thousands 
of which were published, and by his own efforts 
circulated, a vast amount of information was dif- 
fused. These were the incipient measures which, 
with almost unexampled toil and sacrifice, he car- 
ried into effect. And what has been the result? 
American Baptist churches are sending out their 
evangelists to the four quarters of the globe. The 
tidings of salvation have been proclaimed in various 
tongues, and dying idolaters have heard the joyful 
sound. 

Schools have been established, and the rising 
generation are receiving instruction in the various 
branches of knowledge. God's own word has been 
fairly and fully translated into other languages, and 
thousands of copies have been circulated. Innu- 
merable pages of tracts have been pubhshed, and 
scattered abroad. Nor is this all The w^ord of 
the Lord has been quick and powerful: the dead 
have heard it, and started into life. From the val- 
ley of dry bones an exceeding great army has 
arisen, to aid in canying forward the triumphs of 
the Prince of Peace. 

The gospel has not only been preached, but it 
has been in the power and demonstration of the 
Holy Spirit. Those who have received the word 
of the Lord, have been buried with Christ in bap- 
tism, and have thus openly confessed him in the 
midst of idolatry. Churches after the primitive 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 285 

order — churches acknowledging one Lord, one faith, 
one baptism — have been organized, which are walk- 
ing daily after the apostle's doctrine and fellowship. 
Not a few Wave died in the faith, and have gone to 
meet their redeeming Lord on the plains of celestial 
light and glory. They were there to welcome our 
beloved Rice, as one of the chief instruments of 
their deliverance from the bond of iniquity. 

These have been some of the glorious results of 
that system, which was commenced and sustained 
by the indefatigable exertions of the subject of this 
memoir. A letter addressed to him by Mr. Wade, 
who has been for many years laboring among the 
heathen, will refer to some of the details of this 
happy influence. Before this letter reached him, 
he had gone to a better world. The following is 
an extract : 

"Tavoy, April 18, 1836. 

"Very dear Brother : — By the late arrival of 
new missionaries, I had the pleasure of receiving 
two letters from you — one dated September 7th, 
and the other June 27th — both in 1835; for which 
I feel much obliged to you. I have entertained a 
high respect and much affection for you, ever since 
our interview in Hamilton, previous to my first 
coming to India ; and feel very happy for the evi- 
dence which letters afford, that the severe trials 
which you have subsequently endured are coming 
to a happy termination. I trust the blessed God 
designs that the clouds shall all disperse, and your 
25 



286 MEMOIRS OF 

setting sun shine forth with as much brilliancy as 
when it rose. 

"The short opportunity which Mrs. W. and my- 
self had with you at the south, particularly at 
brother Turpin's, will long be remembered by us 
with peculiar pleasure. I rejoice to hear that the 
interest of the friends of Christ at the south, in 
regard to the missionary cause, is increasing. Sure 
I am, could they see what we see, and know what 
we know, respecting the real condition of these 
poor heathen, without God and without hope in the 
world, arguments would not be necessary to induce 
them to feel deep compassion towards them, or to 
show compassion by liberal and self-denying efforts 
to give them the Bible, and furnish them with living 
teachers of its sacred contents. Could they look 
on the churches raised up from among the degraded 
heathen in this land, and then ask, what considera- 
tion would make them willing to see this lovely 
number of God's elect, now rejoicing in hope of 
eternal salvation through Jesus Christ, turned back 
at once to all the darkness and wretchedness of 
heathenism, to have every ray of gospel light which 
now cheers their hearts at once extinguished? I 
am sure they would shrink back from the thought, 
and exhort us earnestly to go on in the prosecution 
of the great design of preaching the gospel to every 
creature. 

*^In our excursions among the Karens east of 
Tavoy, during this dry season, Mrs. Wade and my- 



/ 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 287 

self, had the repeated opportunity of sitting down 
at the table of our Lord, with about two hundred 
and fifty communicants. I could not contemplate 
the scene without thrilling emotions of gratitude 
and wonder, while contrasting their present con- 
dition with the one they were in a few years ago. 
These, however, were only a part of the converts 
even at the Tavoy station. The w^hole number 
amounts to above three hundred and fifty. During 
the tour I had the pleasure of baptizing forty-four; 
and brother Mason, who took a tour at the same 
time among the Karens, south of Tavoy, had the 
pleasure of baptizing forty-one. At a later period, 
three others have been baptized ; many have asked 
for baptism, who have been put off" to future oppor- 
tunity, that we might have further acquaintance 
with them. 

"Towards the close of our tour among the Karens 
east of Tavoy, we held a protracted meeting, the 
first which has ever been attempted in this mission. 
We undertook it as an untried thing, with much 
fear and anxiety, but the success was much beyond 
our most sanguine hopes. We saw what we have 
never before seen in a heathen land — a whole assem- 
bly melted into tears while listening to preaching 
and exhortation. A considerable number professed 
to obtain a hope during the meeting, and many 
others to obtain a deeper work of grace in their 
hearts than before, though they had indulged hope 
for some time previous." 



288 MEMOIRS OF 

The same general statement may be made re- 
specting Mr. Rice's usefulness in the denomination, 
if we refer to the progress of ministerial improve- 
ment. Almost all the combined efforts of our 
churches, in this particular, have been commenced 
since the General Convention was organized. Sub- 
sequent to that period, a large number of flourishing 
seminaries of learning have been instituted. It is 
true, his influence was mainly directed to the sus- 
tentation of the Columbian College, but it was indi- 
rectly felt in the origination of others. From the 
time that he first became convinced of the impor- 
tance of denominational effort, this object was 
brought distinctly before the churches in different 
parts of the country. In almost every State, the 
Baptists have been roused to the adoption of plans 
for the diffusion of useful knowledge, and especially 
for the improvement of such as might be brought 
into the work of the gospel ministry. Nor is it say- 
ing too much, that, in a majority of instances, these 
plans might be traced to his labors and influence. 

It is known that some of his brethren w^ere in- 
clined to censure Mr. Rice for remaining in this 
country, after the formation of the Baptist General 
Convention. When this was eflected, they supposed 
it became his duty to return to India, there to spend 
his life in active missionary employment. The 
many painful vicissitudes suffered by the Columbian 
College, have been attributed to the Divine disap- 
probation of his course in this particular. Though 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 289 

in many respects the history of this institution has 
been dark and discouraging, it does not necessarily 
follow that its founder could be charged with dere- 
liction of duty in determining to remain in this 
country. There is, indeed, ground to doubt whether 
it was most accordant with the interests of the Re- 
deemer's kingdom, so far to abstract his attention 
from the mission agency, while almost his entire 
time was devoted to the college. But that he was 
required by his heavenly Master to return to the 
east, is not so clear. Nothing is more certain than 
the existence of a purpose in his own mind, and 
this purpose entertained for a series of years, to re- 
enter the missionarv field. In his letters written to 
Mr. Judson, and by frequent declarations made to 
his friends in person, this purpose was manifest. 
It is known, too, that from year to year, the Board, 
and numerous judicious brethren, encouraged him 
to stay. In the progress of those educational plans 
which so much engrossed his thoughts, and in whose 
successful completion he took so lively an interest, 
there seemed from time to time an indispensable 
necessity for his personal agency. Thus the occu- 
pancy of the foreign field was at various periods 
postponed, until at length it was deemed by all most 
expedient that he should abandon the idea. 

The following paper contains an expression of 
his views and feelings on this subject, written a few 
years after he arrived in this country. It may be 
25^ 



290 MEMOIRS OF 

considered as an official communication. He thus 
writes : 

^^Impressed with the most sacred obligations to 
do every thing in my power to promote the cause 
of missions ; — apprised that representations have 
been, and continue to be, industriously circulated, 
as false as they are injurious to myself and the 
mission, in their design and tendency; — permit me, 
dear sir, in order to counteract the mischievous 
influence of these representations, to declare, dis- 
tinctly, explicitly, and solemnly — to declare, that it 
is my settled intention to depart from the United 
States to the missionary field, as soon as the state 
of things here shall render it, or allow it to be, in 
my view and in the view of the Board, compatible 
w4th duty for me to depart from this country. Per- 
mit me to accompany this declaration, too, with 
the sacred assurance that I consider my life as reli- 
giously devoted to the missionary cause, and that I 
conceive myself to be no more at liberty to forsahe 
this object, than at liberty to forsake religion itself.'* 

He considered his '*life as religiously devoted to 
the missionary cause," and though he never saw the 
time when it appeared his duty to engage actually 
in missionary labor, all his exertions, toilsome and 
self-denying as they w^ere, still continued to be 
sacred to this object. It may be seen, too, in the 
disclosures of eternity, that he really contributed 
more to promote the spread of the gospel by his 
labors in this country, than he could have done by 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 291 

going abroad. And though there was a partial 
failure in the immediate work to which he was 
specially devoted, it may be ascertained that to 
him, moi^e than to any other man, are the Baptists 
indebted for the origination of all those institutions 
which now exist in various parts of our land. Much 
has been accomplished by his detention, not only in 
promoting sound learning, and elevating the stan- 
dard of ministerial improvement, but in rousing the 
minds of individuals to contemplate their personal 
responsibilities to the heathen world. 

A short time before his death, the fact was made 
known to him, that under his influence Mr. Kin- 
caid was first inclined to think seriously of preach- 
ino: amono' the heathen the unsearchable riches of 
Christ. This is but one of the manv instances, in 
which a holy impulse was given by Mr. Rice, re- 
sulting in unspeakable blessings to the world. The 
annunciation of the fact just referred to, is contain- 
ed in a letter, dated 

AvA, Fcht-uary 12, 1835. 

"Very dear Brother: — I have been exceed- 
ingly gratified to receive a letter from you, dated 
Augusta, Ga. April 24th, 1834, and also a copy of 
the Religious Herald. It is impossible for me to 
forget the first, and the only time I have ever had 
the pleasure of seeing you. I heard you preach 
three times in the course of twenty-four hours, on 
the subject of carrying the gospel to benighted 
India. It was about six months after I had been 



292 MEMOIRS OF 

brought to hope in Christ Jesus, the sinner^ s friend, 
and though I had felt a burning desire to publish 
the gospel of peace to a ruined world, yet I had 
never thought of the hundreds of millions that were 
sitting in darkness without God, and without hope. 
From that day onward, I thought of the heathen 
world — an impression was made which time could 
not efface, and I began to pray for pagans of every 
land. 

"In a short time, my spirit was drawn out to the 
work of bearing the news of eternal Hfe to the poor 
WTetched heathen, and I resolved, if Providence 
should ever open the way, to forsake all, and go. 
Again and again I counted the cost,but on the whole, 
felt willing to make the sacrifice. I will, however, 
now confess to you, that I never understood really, 
what it cost to be a missionary. I did feel compas- 
sion for the heathen, but I did not know what it was 
to be in want and in peril ; what it was to be alone ; 
what it was to be opposed, reviled, and threatened. 
No, my dear brother, I did not know what it cost to 
be faithful, and keep on the side of Christ — to under- 
take to stem the current, let what will come, had 
never been presented to me in its true light; but 
God who is rich in mercy, has kept us from falling, 
and to his holy name be the glory. 

"Your preaching, which first led me to think of 
being a missionary among the heathen, is as fresh 
in my mind, as though it was but yesterday. Never 
can I forget your exposition of this passage, ^let 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 293 

your light so shine, SfC,'' I rejoice to learn that the 
Columbian College is in a fair way to rise. I do trust 
your efforts will be crowned with success, and that 
the institution will prove a source of immense good 
in the rapidly growing states of America. The 
churches are truly coming up to the work of the 
Lord — the armies of Israel are waking from a long 
slumber, and we must expect that Satan will arm 
himself for a fierce contest. 

*^This is evidently a most important era in the his- 
tory of the church ; preparations are making among 
the friends of God over all the world, for some great 
work. What industry, what oneness of purpose is 
every w^here apparent, and above all, what multi- 
tudes are thronging the gates of Zion, crying out, 
Hvhat shall I do to be saved?' This prophecy is 
being fulfilled, nhe mountain of the Lord's house 
shall be exalted — it is the day of the Lord's power.' 
Before you receive this, you will have learned that 
dear brother Wade, together with all the new" mis« 
sionaries, have reached the shores of Burmah. Bro- 
ther Judson, and all the rest were well by my last 
letters. 

"During the past year, a goodly number have 
been baptised in the provinces, and a number of 
Karens have embraced the cause of Christ in Ran- 
goon. I am not able to give you the definite num- 
ber. In Ava, during the past year, I have given 
away between twenty and thirty thousand tracts, 
and portions of the word of God ; and the gospel 



294 MEMOIRS OF 

has been preached to many thousands, both in Ava, 
Umerapora, and Saquire. The opposition of the 
government has occasionally interrupted our labors, 
and alarmed the people, but I trust some seed sown 
will spring up, and yield a precious harvest in time 
to come. Pray for us, that we may do some little 
good. Having a number of letters to write on 
short notice, I must be brief. May the grace of 
our Lord Jesus rest upon you, and upon the great 
work in which you are engaged, is the prayer of 
your ever affectionate, 

E. KiNCAID." 

An interesting communication received about the 
same time from Mr. Judson, will present his views 
respecting Mr. Rice's conduct, and the extent of 
his usefulness : 

MjLrL3HEiN, JSIay 9, 1835. 

"Dear brother Rice: — Your very interesting 
letters of April last year, accompanying a file of the 
Religious Herald, reached me in December, on the 
return of brother and sister Wade. I am interested 
in all vour efforts, and the success that crowns them. 
I doubt not that the Columbian College will be an 
honor to the country, and especially to the Baptist 
cause, an instrument in the hand of God, by which 
he will diffuse the glory and extend the reign of his 
Son. In your former connection wdth the board, 
and your subsequent devotion to the college, you, 
have doubtless committed some mistakes, and been 
betrayed into some sins; but the unjust reproach 
with w^hich you have been liberally visited, are in 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 295 

my opinion disproportionate to the errors charged 
to your account. 

**I confidently expect, that a reaction will take 
place ; and that when temporary and local excite- 
ments shall pass away, your name will be enrolled 
among the benefactors of our country, and of that 
denomination into which we were ingrafted to- 
gether. The praise of man however, is not the 
boon for which we strive. Our mark is higher, our 
crown incorruptible. And let us have faith to 
believe that we shall assuredly obtain. O glorious 
prospect to be owned of the Saviour, and to be 
welcomed to seats of immortal glory ! 

"You give me some reasons to hope, that the 
Religious Herald will continue to be sent me ; if so, 
I shall feel very grateful. The Christian Watch- 
man is now the only paper, with which I am regu- 
larly furnished. 

"Let me hear from you as often as possible. I 
remain dear brother Rice, 

Yours, most affectionately, 

A. JUDSON." 

In adverting to the efforts of Mr. Rice in the 
denomination, it will not be just to omit the fact 
that for many years the project of supplying the 
spiritual destitution of our own country, occupied 
much of his thoughts. While he had succeeded in 
bringing about the estabhshment of missions among 
the Indian tribes, he desired to see a system of itine- 
rant labor in different parts of the states, in successful 



296 MEMOIRS OF 

operation. At the meeting of the board in 1821, 
the subject was discussed and a committee appoint- 
ed of which he was chairman. The following 
report prepared by him, was adopted by the board. 
**The committee on the subject of a system of 
domestic missionary operations, report: 

"That, from the attention they have been able to 
bestow upon the subject, they feel persuaded, that 
an enlarged system of domestic missionary opera- 
tions is needed, and would be greatly conducive to 
the promotion of the objects of the General Con- 
vention. 

"Their view is, that such persons only should be 
employed in this service, whose character and talents 
would command general attention and respect, and 
whose zeal should be fervent ; and that such should 
be commissioned to travel and preach, under the 
leading idea of domestic missionaries^ for the benefit 
of the churches, and of the community. That, con- 
nected with a primary attention to the business of 
preaching and promoting the welfare of the churches 
and of the community, they should be instructed 
to visit associations, and endeavor to give them 
correct and favorable views on the subject of 
missions, and of the general plan of education 
adopted by the convention — to obtain funds by 
public collections at meetings, or otherwise, for 
missionary purposes — to originate and encourage 
missionary and education societies, female mite and 
charitable societies, &c. &c. and solicit subscrip- 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 297 

tions and donations, as circumstances might render 
proper for the various purposes of the convention. 

"A system of this kind, it is beUeved, well con- 
ducted, would be calculated to revive many lan- 
guishing churches, and originate new ones — would 
tend to produce harmony and good understand- 
ing throughout the whole denomination, and to 
strengthen and cement the bands of love and union 
of the body — would be in no small degree efficient 
in supplying resources' to the Board of Managers 
of the Convention — and would more than support 
itself by the public general collections for missionary 
purposes. 

"Under these impressions the committee respect- 
fully submit the following resolutions. 

"1. That domestic missionaries be appointed, 
pursuant to the system recommended in the above 
mentioned report, in such parts of the country as 
can be supplied by suitable characters. 

"2. That instructions, conformably to the fore- 
going suggestions be made out and printed, duly 
signed by one of the vice-presidents, the president 
not being present, and by the corresponding secre- 
tary. 

"3. That the agent of the Board be instructed to 
furnish each of said missionaries with a suitable 
subscription book. 

"4. That the agent of the Board, with the con- 
currence of the corresponding secretary, and the 
26 



298 MEMOIRS OF 

president, or one of the vice-presidents, as above- 
mentioned, agree v^ith said missionaries for their 
compensation, varying according to circumstances; 
but in no case to exceed the amount of their public 
general collections for missionary purposes. These 
resolutions were adopted." 

One of the most interesting aspects in which the 
usefulness of Mr. Rice is to be regarded, consists 
in the waking up, or rather calling into more vigo- 
rous exercise, the benevolent principles of the gos- 
pel. These principles are possessed more or less, 
by every christian. The selfish feelings of depraved 
human nature, if not entirely extirpated from the 
bosom, are brought into subjection. An ascendency 
is gained by those sentiments and tempers, which 
are produced by the divine Spirit when he sheds 
abroad in the heart, the love of Christ. While 
such are the characteristics of every true disciple, 
there may be circumstances, favorable or unfavor- 
able to the development and improvement of the 
fruits of the spirit. Before the efforts of Mr. Rice, 
the Baptist denomination had contributed compara- 
tively little pecuniary aid for the extension of the 
gospel, either at home or abroad. This was the 
fact also, in relation to the other sects" of professing 
christians. Such a state of things could not be re- 
garded as the result of unwilhngness, but the w^ant 
of opportunity. The churches had never been 
taught their duty in this respect. The woes of a 
fallen world had not been brought distinctly before 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 299 

their eyes, and the obligation to employ all their 
resources for the salvation of others, pressed upon 
their attention. They were, therefore, unaccus- 
tomed to the luxury of doing good on an extended 
scale. But when the subject of this memoir passed 
through our land, and gave utterance to the bene- 
volent impulses which animated his bosom ; when 
constrained by love to Christ, and love to souls, he 
expatiated on the guilt and sorrows of those who 
hasten after another God, and implored aid on 
their behalf, he touched a chord which vibrated on 
many hearts. To his unutterable joy, he found he 
was addressing those who had been baptised into 
the same spirit. They listened to his appeals, ap- 
proved his plans, and were ready to co-operate 
with him in their execution. From the slumber in 
which they had been enwrapped, they started up. 
and with eager hearts they cried, "Lord, what wilt 
thou have us to do." With efficiency they began 
to labor for the conversion of a world. They coun- 
selled with each other, contributed of their substance, 
and sought by earnest prayer, the divine direction 
and blessing. Thus, the benevolent principle being 
brought into exercise, it has continued to expand 
and strengthen, while numerous plans for the good 
of the world have been brought into successful ope- 
ration. Instead of being satisfied with the mere 
selfish desire of personal comfort here, and salva- 
tion hereafter, the churches have found active em- 
ployment, as instruments of extending the empire 



300 MEMOIRS OF 

of the Son of God. Not hiding their light under a 
bushel, they have been active in holding it forth, 
and in blessing others, have been themselves, doubly 
blessed. In this respect, an invaluable good has 
been conferred on the denomination, and if Mr. 
Rice's labors had resulted in nothing more, he 
would have found in this alone, an ample recom- 
pense. It was often to his mind an occasion of 
joyful thanksgiving to God, that this holy, active 
benevolence, was so generally manifest among the 
churches ; and especially, when he witnessed the 
internal prosperity and rapid growth of those 
churches, which were most remarkable for this 
spirit. 

It should be stated also, that by these endeavors, 
the churches of the United States became more 
internally acquainted with each other. Previously, 
little intercourse had been enjoyed, but being brought 
together to consult on the great objects connected 
with the spread of the Redeemer's kingdom, a bond 
was created, which united them together in holy 
and endeared fellowship. It was one of the strong- 
est desires of Mr. Rice, to see those who held one 
Lord, one faith, one baptism, joined in one great 
phalanx, bringing their concentrated forces to bear 
against the powers of darkness. Writing to the 
corresponding secretary of the convention, he says: 

"It gives me pleasure to mention here, the inte- 
resting occasion on which you, sir, were also pre- 
sent in Richmond, at the formation of the Baptist 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 301 

Convention for the state of Virginia. These state 
conventions, it is believed, at no distant day, w^ill 
bring the whole Baptist denomination in this coun- 
try, into combined, harmonious, and powerful ac- 
tion. I am persuaded that pious people are ever 
ready to come up to the help of the Lord against 
the mighty^ w^hen proper measures are adopted to 
bring them forward, and to put them into motion. 
This persuasion is amply sustained by the result of 
the efforts of the standing committee in and about 
Boston." 

How far his influence was felt, may be determin- 
ed by the fact, that as early as 1815, he was elect- 
ed to the presidency of Transylvania University, at 
Lexington, Kentucky, which appointment he thought 
proper to decline. In 1832, he was appointed pre- 
sident of the Georgetown College, in the same state, 
which invitation was also negatived. These flat- 
tering offers were not sufficient to tempt him from 
the toilsome and unthankful office of collecting 
funds for the mission and college. His own ease 
and aggrandizement, he sought not, but the good 
of the churches, and the interests of a fallen world. 
Had he chosen to do so at various times, he might 
have retired from the agency, and permanently 
located in some comfortable position ; where, with 
honor to himself, and profit to others, he could 
have spent his days. But the great objects for 
w^hose accomplishment he had consecrated his life, 
he was unwilling to abandon. 
26* 



CHAPTER XV. 

REFLECTIONS REFERENCE TO MR. RICE's NATURAL 

ACUTENESS OF MIND POWER OF ARGUMENTATION 

CONFIDENCE IN HIS OWN POWERS DECISION ABI- 
LITY TO MEET GREAT EMERGENCIES DEFECTS DE- 
PENDENCE ON SUPERNATURAL INFLUENCE HUMI- 
LITY SELF DENIAL DISINTERESTEDNESS SPIRIT 

OF FORGIVENESS LETTER ANECDOTES CONCERN 

FOR THE DIVINE HONOR TESTIMONY OF MR. JUDSON. 

The distinguished elevation to which some of 
the great men of the earth have been brought, is to 
be attributed to a combination of favorable circum- 
stances, v^ithout which, they would have remained 
in utter obscurity ; 'aUke unknowing and unknown.' 
In their character, none of the essential elements of 
true greatness were concentrated. In most cases, 
however, it will be found that those who have be- 
come celebrated in any department of life's busy 
scenes, owe their distinction to some pecuHar en- 
dowments of nature, which circumstances may have 
developed and matured. 

Who will say that the lawgiver of Israel was 
not highly gifted in those qualities of mind and 
heart, which prepared him in an eminent degree, 
for the station he filled? V/as not the son of Jesse 
by his strength of intellect, his courage, and ad- 
dress, peculiarly fitted to preside over the nation 



MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 303 

whose history occupies so much of the sacred page. 
From the numberless instances of this kind, may be 
selected the distinguished emperor of the French. 
The indications of his greatness were not alone 
evinced, when by his deeds all Europe was struck 
with terror, and the world with amazement. Even 
in boyhood, those traits of character were disco- 
vered w^hich made him what he was. Or, if we 
turn to a less brilliant, but more lovely spectacle of 
true greatness, the celebrated doctor William Ca- 
rey, the same fact is apparent. His almost unpre- 
cedented aptitude for acquiring language, and his 
indomitable perseverance, were as natural as they 
were remarkable. 

This train of thought is suggested, in sketching 
the intellectual and moral character of the subject 
of this biography. In many important particulars, 
he was naturally an extraordinary man. He pos- 
sessed a high order of mind ; it was alike compre- 
hensive and discriminating. While pursuing a 
course of study, he always gave the preference 
to those branches which demanded close and tho- 
rough investigation — such as language and mathe- 
matics. This was indicative of the peculiar cast of 
his mind. Unlike too many who obtain celebrity 
in the world, he thought for himself. He did not 
follow the beaten track, simply because it had been 
trodden by others. His conceptions were remark- 
able in a high degree, not only for originality, but 
distinctness. The acuteness of his powers of inves- 



304 MEMOIRS OF 

tigation was always manifest in those effusions of 
his pen, which were of a polemic character. By 
a single glance he seemed to look through the sub- 
ject, comprehending all its relations and bearings. 
In the arrangement of his arguments, he was skilful 
and perspicuous. 

The discussion of what has been famiUarly termed 
the Abrahamic covenant, and which, a few years 
since, was more frequently the subject of disputa- 
tion than at present, was entered upon by him with 
much spirit, and conducted in a manner highly 
creditable to his power of reasoning. On several 
important occasions, when engaged in debate, the 
native vigor of his mind was exhibited by the forci- 
ble and masterly manner in which he confronted 
his opponents, and defended his own positions ; and 
when in the pulpit he deemed it necessary to con- 
trovert any erroneous sentiment, or to maintain 
an important doctrinal truth, this same energy of 
thought was developed. 

Connected with these observations, reference may 
be made to a very remarkable characteristic of Mr. 
Rice. It consisted in an unwavering confidence in 
his own powers of mind. If he fixed his eye on 
any attainable object, and determined to reach it, 
he scarcely allowed himself to entertain a doubt of 
success. He was very little in the habit of con- 
sulting probabilities. With a giant hand, he laid 
hold of the various instruments by which his pur- 
poses were to be effected, feeling secure in the 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 305 

native energy with which he was endowed. This 
striking peculiarity in his mental constitution was 
evinced from early childhood to the end of life. 

The reader will remember the circumstances 
under which he was employed by the Board of 
Commissioners, as their missionary to the east. 
Not one in a thousand would have consented to go 
forth upon such conditions : most would have con- 
sidered the difficulties insurmountable. Not so with 
Mr. Rice : he had confidence in his ability to com- 
ply with the terms, and betook himself to a work 
as unpleasant as it was arduous. 

It was this decision of character that led him on, 
despite of all obstructions, in the course of useful 
labor which marked his history. " When he re- 
turned to this country," said Dr. Going, "and entered 
on a course of efforts to sustain foreign missions, 
the enterprise was new to our people, and they 
were without the lights of experience. All turned 
their eves to Mr. Rice as a kind of oracle, and his 
opinions were almost, of course, adopted. And as 
he became acquainted with those with whom he 
was associated, it is not improbable that he per- 
ceived, that generally, however ardently attached 
to the cause of missions, they would not add much 
to him in conference, and, of course, that he must 
consult himself chiefly, in order to accomplish the 
object before him. Besides — he met with no small 
measure of opposition from many who should have 
strengthened his hands and aided his efforts, and 



306 MEMOIRS or 

opposition tends greatly to strengthen the decided 
character. And again, he at length found himself 
deserted by many who had stricken hands with 
him, and from whom he seemed to have a right to 
expect better things ; and desertion, too, more than 
almost any other thing, seems to strengthen such a 
mind, though it may break down one which is natu- 
rally feeble and irresolute. 

^*We have proof of this trait in his character, 
not only in his enterprise of awakening the denomi- 
nation to missionary effort, and his perseverance in 
efforts to accomplish it amid discouragements, but 
especially in the pertinacity with which he clung to 
the college when it was nearly deserted by its 
friends, and apparently sinking under its misfor- 
tunes. And an illustration of it is afforded in an 
incident which occurred in 1832. While at Provi- 
dence, R. I., Mr. Rice had a slight paralytical affec- 
tion, and was informed by the attending physician, 
that he would probably be soon visited by a recur- 
rence of the shock, which would terminate his life. 
A friend asked him if he was ready to die ? — To 
the. inquiry, he replied, 'Yes, though I should like 
to bring up the college first.' " 

His capacity for meeting great emergencies, re- 
ferred to in the preceding extract, was one of the 
best evidences of his intellectual power. There 
w^ere periods in his history, when he seemed ready 
to be crushed beneath an accumulation of care and 
trial ; but even then he stood erect, and with manly 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 307 

fortitude sustained it all. Though the dark cloud 
might spread over his horizon, and the tempest 
itself beat upon his head, he still remained undis- 
mayed. He was always buoyant, and full of hope. 
His brother said of him : "Luther always looked 
for prosperity, and he always expected that to- 
morrow would not only be a fair day, but a little 
fairer than to-day." 

These were his prominent mental qualities. In 
full, we may say in the language of Dr. Chapin, 
that "he possessed powers which would have ena- 
bled him to shine in any of the orbits in w^hich great 
men choose to move. He might have distinguished 
himself in arms, or, had he given himself up to 
literary and scientific pursuits, he might have ranked 
with the first scholars of the age. But he took a 
different course: he gave up the world, he re- 
nounced his private interest, and devoted himself to 
the highest interest of his species." 

The peculiar structure of his mind, was in some 
respects the occasion of habits which could not be 
justified by his most partial friends. His indepen- 
dence and self confidence urged him too often to 
the pursuance of plans, which were not well judged, 
and which probably would not have been adopted, 
had he previously conferred with others. And, 
when his schemes had partially failed, and he was 
advised to abandon them, a degree of adherence, 
amounting to obstinacy was indulged. Had he 
in some things been less confident in his own judg- 



308 MEMOIRS OF 

ment, he would most probably have avoided some 
of the trials, through which he passed. Thus the 
very excellencies of men, may become the most 
vulnerable points in their character, and what con- 
stitutes the means of their elevation, may become 
the sources of anxiety and pain. 

It has been already stated, that Mr. Rice was 
prone at one period of his life, to undue levity. This 
was doubtless an extreme to which he was led, by 
the natural vivacity of his disposition, looking as he 
delighted to do on the bright side of things, and 
changing every day the scenes he witnessed, and 
the circle of friends in which he moved, there was 
danger of yielding to such a habit. He afterwards 
however, not only deplored, but rectified it. 

From what has been said respecting the strong 
reliance he exercised on his own ability, to execute 
whatever he deemed important to be done, it must 
not be understood that he failed to recognize his 
dependence on supernatural aid. This would be 
doing great injustice to his character. Perhaps no 
man entertained a deeper sense of the utter inutility 
of human efforts, without the divine blessing ! Not 
only was this indicated by discourses from the pul- 
pit, but in all his intercourse with his brethren. Nor 
was it to be regarded as a mere opinion, it was an 
enduring sentiment, deeply engraved upon his heart. 
While no opposition from man could daunt, or im- 
pediments deter him in his onward progress, he 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 309 

maintained an humble sense of his feebleness, if 
forsaken of God. 

He was ready in the prosecution of his schemes, 
to adopt as his motto : *'I can do all things ;" but 
he never forgot to add, ^'through Christ which 
strengtheneth me." How much he felt the need of 
heavenly influence in the accomplishment of his 
schemes, was manifest in the habitual exercise of 
the spirit of prayer. What ardent suppHcations 
did he send up to the throne on behalf of the Co- 
lumbian College. The mission cause too, how con- 
stantly did he remember it in prayer. Said a chris- 
tian brother, <^he prayed in my family, and that 
prayer I shall not forget. Every one in the house 
was named, and all the churches of the state, all 
ministers, schools, and colleges, and especially, the 
Columbian College ; all mission stations, and the 
missionaries — the city of Washington, all our cities ; 
our nation, and the world." The feelings of his 
soul were poured forth in a gushing tide, while 
with reverence and humihty, he held audience with 
the Divine Majesty. 

With all the superior intellectual power of Mr. 
Rice, he was an humble man. He knew how to 
condescend to men of low estate. In his more 
familiar association with the pious, he gave the 
most decided evidence of a lowly spirit. At some 
times, in conducting his agency, there appeared in 
his manner, a degree of sternness, and at others, 

an undue lightness, which left rather an unfavorable 
27 



310 MEMOIRS OF 

impression on those who did not know him well- 
This was a consequence resulting almost necessa- 
rily from his daily employments. But when these 
were laid aside, and with a christian brother, or in 
a circle of pious friends, he could engage in free 
conversation, his serious, humble, and affectionate 
manner, were observed by all. When he could 
thus freely unbosom himself, the evidence of deep, 
experimental piety was not wanting. Then his 
conversation was truly edifying. 

The whole history of his life as recorded in the 
preceding pages, presents a rare exemplification of 
self-denial and disinterestedness. Had he desired 
to promote his own fame, or mere worldly interest, 
the means were ample and at hand. But he sought 
no places of distinction, and coveted not the honor 
which Cometh from man. His own ease was never 
consulted. A sacrifice was made of most of those 
enjoyments which might have been lawfully re- 
tained. 

It was thought by some, that he did not suffi- 
ciently regard his comfort and personal appear- 
ance. In numerous instances, when donations 
were made to purchase some article of clothing 
which he seemed to need, instead of applying them 
to this purpose, they were used to meet the pressing 
necessities of the college. He literally lived not 
unto himself. His was that noble expansiveness of 
benevolence which includes in its operations the 
entire world. To make the race of man better 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 311 

and more happy, was the great object for which he 
desired to Uve. 

On a certain occasion, he was heard to express 
unaffected pity for an individual, who, with much 
toil and economy, had amassed a fortune, and who, 
without employing it for useful purposes, was eager 
to accumulate still more and more. Such a spirit 
is as grovelling as it is sinful. How much more 
dignified and worthy an immortal mind — that sym- 
pathizing tenderness which weeps over the sorrows 
of fallen humanity, and desires to relieve. That 
spirit, 

'^Whicli lays its own advantage by 
To seek a neighbor's good." 

This was the spirit of Luther Rice. Few have 
been under its influence to a greater extent. 

His friend and brother, the Rev. Mr. Meredith, 
observes respecting his disinterestedness : 

"If much is due to the deceased for the value of 
his services, no less is due him for the great personal 
sacrifices, at which those services were rendered. 
We make the assertion without the fear of contra- 
diction, that there is not a man in the country who 
has endured more personal hardships, who has made 
more personal sacrifices, or who has cared less for 
his own interest, than Luther Rice. Possessed of 
talents and attainments of the first order, which 
would have commanded for him the highest and 
most lucrative stations in our churches or colleges, 
and in disregard of offers repeatedly made to him 



312 MEMOIRS OF 

to that effect — while others were indulging them- 
selves in the comforts of domestic Hfe, and reaping 
the social and intellectual advantages of a perma- 
nent charge, this devoted man was toiling through 
winter's cold and summer's heat, by day and by 
night, in health and in sickness — sometimes for 
scanty wages, and sometimes for none at all — for 
the sake of promoting the cause he had so much at 
heart. 

For more than twenty years has he been thus 
employed. The prime, we may say the whole of 
his life, has been thus devoted. Like his blessed 
master, he has been without a home, and without a 
place to lay his head, except that afforded by the 
hand of charity or of personal friendship. He has 
died as he lived, comparatively among strangers. 
The kind and soothing attentions of wife and chil- 
dren, the usual alleviations of the dying couch, were 
consolations which he never knew. No tear of 
kindred affection bedewed his grave. And his only 
effects — ^'his horse and sulky, and baggage," in his 
own dying words, ^^belonged to the colege in 
Washington City." 

The following is from the pen of Dr. Going, of 
Granville College, Ohio. 

"He was eminently disinterested. For twelve 
years he labored incessantly and laboriously for the 
small pittance of $400 per annum, beyond his tra- 
velling expenses. We doubt whether there was an 
individual in the United States who endured so much 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 313 

exposure, who travelled so extensively, and who 
at the same time preached so much ; and we doubt, 
also, whether there are more than a very few, 
who could endure so much. To meet the wants of 
the college, he eventually relinquished all these 
small savings, together with some ^2,000 or $3,000, 
which he inherited as a patrimony; so that in 1826, 
he was without a cent in the world. From that 
time till his death, he travelled almost constantly to 
preach and collect for the college, without the least 
support from the college, or salary from any other 
institution. Indeed, we believe that he, in a great 
measure, defrayed his traveUing expenses from the 
sale of a few religious books, while the balance was 
borne by individual friends, who also furnished 
him with his wearing apparel." 

Frequent allusion has been made in these pages 
to the opposition, which, from various sources, he 
was compelled to meet. By an ungodly world, he 
was often persecuted, and his name cast out as evil. 
From some also, who ought to have manifested a 
better spirit, he suffered very unkind treatment. 
His conduct on these occasions, was firm and 
dignified. 

It was not easy to drive him from any ground 
which he thought proper to occupy ; and in some 
instances, he doubtless, was unduly tenacious in 
preferring his own plans, and adhering to them, 
notwithstanding the remonstrances of many very 
judicious friends. Perhaps too, in meeting such 
27* 



314 MEMOIRS OF 

remonstrances, or the opposition of foes, he might 
have been betrayed into an unwarrantable severity 
of style. But he w^as not accustomed to indulge in 
rancorous abuse, or to cherish the spirit of resent- 
ment. His soul was too large, and too much influ- 
enced by the generous principles of the gospel, to 
allow a lodgment for the lower and baser feelings 
of our nature. 

Often did he bear in silence the most vindictive 
abuse. When any thing of this kind was noticed, 
it was only when he considered it essential to the 
vindication of truth and righteousness, as identified 
wuth his own character. "So far as I am person- 
ally concerned," he remarks to a friend, in regard 
to some charges alleged against him, "they can 
give me but little uneasiness, "for the Lord is a God 
of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed.* 
Of the Saviour, if I recollect, they said, 'nay, but 
he deceiveth the people,' and accounted him a 
Sabbath breaker, and encourager of pubHcans and 
sinners. 

"The apostles, I think Paul intimates, were re- 
garded as deceivers, and yet true, that he himself, 
w^ith others, was ^slanderously reported,' and so on. 
I have not time, and if I had, have not, I hope, 
through the rich and precious grace of God, the 
disposition to trace these things, or the smallest 
wish to inculpate any one. Lately, for which I 
desire abundantly and humbly to glorify God, our 
Father, and our Saviour, I have had a most sweet 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 315 

and happy state of mind, in relation to any and all 
that have ever injured me, or wished me harm. 
O! that is a saying of om^ dear Redeemer, of in- 
expressible sweetness : 'Forgive, and ye shall be 
forgiven.* And I now read with emotions of pecu- 
liar delight, the injunctions of the blessed Jesus : 
*Love your enemies — do good to them that hate 
you — bless them that curse you, and pray for them 
that despitefully use you/ " 

Writing to another brother, to whom he made 
acknowledgments in regard to some unpleasant 
differences which existed between them, he says: 
"The third day of last month — a day never to be 
forgotten by me — it pleased the Father of mercies, 
as I humbly trust, as I was pursuing my solitary 
journey, and thinking over past occurrences, to re- 
move from my bosom, distinctly, all corrosiveness 
and unpleasantness of feeling, in relation to all per- 
sons with w^hom I ever had any differences, or who 
had ever done me wrong, or who I supposed had so 
done. I felt that I could coi'dially take any of them 
by the hand, and, without any concession or apol- 
ogy on their part, indulge towards them the kindest 
feelings, and sincerely rejoice in their w^elfare. 

"This exercise gave me new and most sweet and 
happy views of such passages as this: 'Love your 
enemies ; bless them that curse you ; do good to 
them that hate you, and pray for them that despite- 
fully use you.' And a most particular sweetness 
appeared in this passage : 'Forgive, and ye shall be 



316 MEMOIRS OF 

forgiven.' And blessed be God, the exercise of this 
nature, which arose thus distinctly in my mind that 
day, seems to have become the settled habit of my 
mind and heart, and I would not part with it for ten 
thousand worlds !" 

A circumstance, evincing his forbearance in the 
sufferance of injury, occurred not very long after 
his return to this country. Having been requested, 
by a lady of highly respectable connections, to bap- 
tize her, although it was ascertained not to be agree- 
able to the wishes of many of her particular friends, 
he determined without hesitation to discharge his 
dutv. 

A fev>^ hours after the solemn rite had been per- 
formed, a gentleman, to him then unknown, but who 
proved to be the lady's brother, came to the house 
where he was, and requested to see him. Having 
walked to the door, the stranger intimated that he 
had some business with him, and proposed to him 
to walk a few steps. He turned to find his hat, but 
the stranger remarked that it was unnecessary, and 
they proceeded together a few paces in the street. 
He was asked, whether he was the individual who 
had baptized his sister. A prompt affirmative reply 
w^as given, when a violent assault was commenced 
on his person. He meekly received it, without any 
resistance, and commenced slowly walking back to 
the door, his assailant repeating the blows until he 
had reached the steps. Turning round on the per- 
secutor, who had almost spent his strength with 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 317 

exertion and rage, he looked upon him with the 
placid countenance of a lamb, and mildly said, 
"May the best of heaven's blessings rest upon you." 
The young man, mortified and ashamed, hastened 
from the place. To some of his companions he 
declared his chagrin, that resistance had not been 
offered. A severe personal chastisement would 
have been preferred to this imperturbable gentle- 
ness. 

At another time, in one of his sermons, he had 
so offended a man who w^as present in the congre- 
gation, that he was threatened with summary ven- 
geance. Before the people dispersed, the enraged 
individual met him, and said, "I will take your life 
before you leave the neighborhood." His counte- 
nance was unchanged, and in the most dignified, 
yet calm manner, he simply replied, "I hope not.^' 

Among the most distinguishing traits in the cha- 
racter of Mr. Rice, was his deep concern for the 
promotion of the divine honor. Love to God was 
a deep and prevailing passion of his soul, and 
he seemed constantly desirous of glorifying him. 
"There was much truth," said a christian minister, 
"in a remark in a late number of the Herald, rela- 
tive to the character of our deceased brother Rice. 
The remark to which I allude is the following : ^He 
loved the souls of men, and therefore sought their 
salvation ; but it was mainly because he saw in the 
recovery of sinners the exhibition of God^s glory y 
that he so ardently longed for their salvation.' 



318 MEMOIRS OF 

"This trait in his character served as the founda- 
tion for yet another. He possessed a quick dis- 
cernment of the various bearings, and the relative 
importance of the different efforts in which the 
church of Christ is engaged, with the view of dif- 
fusing the blessings of salvation, and a knowledge 
of the glory of God ; and was scriipuloiisly exact 
in giving to each object the particular attention 
ivhich its relative importance demanded. To this 
power of discrimination, and this just distribution 
of his care and attention to the various objects pre- 
sented before him, may be attributed much of his 
extensive usefulness. No man, perhaps, felt more 
sincere rejoicing at the conversion of a sinner, than 
he did ; yet he never suffered the interest excited, 
in any particular case, to abstract his attention from 
the great plans of benevolence which have been 
adopted, to promote the general extension of the 
Redeemer's kingdom. It may justly be doubted, 
whether he ever contemplated the conversion of a 
solitary soul, without contemplating, at the same 
time, the influence it was likely to produce, in favor- 
ing the conversion of the world." 

In reply to inquiries made of him, Mr, Judson 
thus writes respecting Mr, Rice : "You ask me to 
give some account of his intellectual, moral, and 
religious character; but as my personal acquain- 
tance with him terminated almost twenty years ago, 
I do not feel so competent to do this, as many others 
who have known him in subsequent years. My 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 319 

views of his character, however, most perfectly 
coincide with those presented in the history of the 
Columbian College, in the fifth number of the Chris- 
tian Review, to which I beg leave to refer you. I 
would only add, that I have ever considered him to 
be a faithful, warm-hearted friend, and a most de- 
voted christian. Notwithstanding the various re- 
ports which have been circulated about him, I have 
never entertained the slightest doubt of his moral 
integrity. I subjoin the following extract from his 
last letter to me, dated June 25th, 1836. 

" 'Mv health became much reduced last fall and 
winter, but is now, through divine mercy, quite 
restored. My strength is not, how^ever, w^hat it 
was fifteen or twenty years ago. I am now past 
fifty-three years of age, and feel the effects of time 
and toil, in the diminution of energy and vigor; 
but I hope that my powers will not quite decay, till 
I shall have the happiness of seeing the prosperity 
of the Columbian College — till from that institution 
some laborers shall have gone forth into some part 
of the heathen world, to preach among the gentiles 
the unsearchable riches of Christ. 

" ^Should my life and health be preserved, I ex- 
pect to continue constantly travelling, as heretofore, 
for about two years to come. After that, I hope 
the Lord will provide for my becoming somewhat 
stationary, and allow me to rest a little, before I go 
hence, and be no more on earth. But in reference 



320 MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 

to this, as in all things else, I wish ever to be able 
devoutly to say, the will of the Lord be done ! O, 
for a constant, lively, effectual sense of the divine 
presence and glory ! O, for a heart truly conformed 
to that excellent basis of duty and happiness — to 
glorify God and enjoy him forever !' ^' 



CHAPTER XVI. 

RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS OF MR. RICE HIS VIEWS 0F| 

THE IMPORTANCE OF TRUTH DEPRAVITY OF HUMAJ^ 

NATURE INFLUENCE OF THE SPIRIT DIVINE SOVE-f 

REIGNTY — PRACTICAL TENDENCY OF THESE DOC- 
TRINES HUMAN RESPONSIBILITY MINISTERIAL 

FAITHFULNESS ORIGIN OF THE BAPTIST CHURCH, IN 

LYNN, MASS. CLOSE COMMUNION IMPORTANCE OF 

WELL WRITTEN BIOGRAPHIES. 

In closing a review of the life and labors of the 
lamented Rice, the reader will doubtless be gratified 
with a brief reference to his religious sentiments. 
This is the more desirable, inasmuch as there is 
danger of regarding too lightly, the particular te- 
nets which a man may entertain. The latitudinous 
idea, that it is of no importance what opinions are 
held, provided the facts of the gospel are believed ; 
or, provided the life is externally moral, is unscrip- 
tural and absurd. And yet this idea is widely pre- 
valent. Although there are many things contained 
in the divine word, which at first cannot be appre- 
hended by the christian, and indeed, many truths 
that will give exercise to prayerful investigation 
among the most experienced disciples, it is never- 
theless clear, that certain great fundamental doc- 
trines necessarily lie at the foundation of experi- 
mental and practical religion. Nor is any doctrine 

or truth a matter a little importance ; whether im- 
28 



322 MEMOIRS OF 

mediately connected with salvation, or more re* 
motely, it deserves to be studied and understood. 
To know what God has taught in his own wordy and 
to make his instructions our delight — "a light to our 
feet, and a lamp to our path," is alike right and 
safe. 

How important it is to be rooted and grounded 
in the truth — to be established and built up in our 
most holy faith, may be determined by adverting to 
the history of the church in every age. No period 
has been exempt from the influence of error. Like 
a desolating tide, it has sometimes threatened to 
undermine the foundations of christian hope, and to 
sweep over the church of God, leaving only the 
ruins of its former greatness and glory. Unscrip- 
tural sentiments find a ready response in the deci- 
sions of an unsanctified heart. "Men love darkness 
rather than light, because their deeds are evil." 
This is the reason why error is so rife and rampant ; 
and furnishes an impressive argument for the daily 
and prayerful perusal of the sacred Scriptures. 

A clear and profound knowledge of divine truth, 
was, in the estimation of Mr. Rice, unspeakably 
important. Contemplating the relation which ex- 
ists between the views and experience of a true 
christian, be thus writes, in a famihar style, to a 
pious friend : 

"A point in the great economy of salvation, 
which has recently occupied my thoughts, it may 
not, perhaps, be entirely uninteresting to you to 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 323 

employ a few lines upon, in the filling up of a few 
moments, devoted to the grateful, sacred service of 
sincere friendship. That point is contained in the 
following question : Whether both the experience, 
and the sentiments previously entertained by a 
child of grace in passing from death unto life, have 
not a reciprocal bearing upon one another, and 
enter into, so as to modify, and give form to the 
religious sentiments and views of doctrine, subse- 
quently embraced and held by the individual ? 

"As far as I can make up any definite judgment 
upon this subject, by a recurrrence to my own 
experience, or by observations made upon what is 
manifested by others, such is the fact. The exer- 
cises of mind and heart at this important period, 
are acted upon, and moulded by the sentiments 
previously adopted; and the sentiments thus pre- 
viously adopted, impart more or less of the cha- 
racteristic modification and development of those 
exercises; w4iile both together, contribute to the 
formation and distinctive character of the doctrinal 
views subsequently adopted. 

"This view of the case too, it seems to me, 
affords one useful consideration ; that is, it suggests 
a satisfactory reason, at least in some degree, for 
the apparent diversities that occur in the religious 
experiences of persons, and in the views of chris- 
tian doctrine to which they will ultimately adhere. 
These ultimate diversities, no doubt, are greatly 
widened by other circumstances, yet all traceable 



324 MEMOIRS OF 

to the same primary and pervading principle. It 
also suggests very forcibly, the importance of hav- 
ing correct ideas in the stamp first impressed upon 
the mind." 

The reader has already perceived, that when 
first interested on the subject of rehgion, Mr. Rice 
was deeply impressed with a sense of his criminali- 
ty as a transgressor of the law of God. Through- 
out future life, he maintained the sentiment, not 
only that man had apostatized, but that his guilt 
was wilful, and beyond expression, malignant. The 
due apprehension of this truth by the sinner, he 
considered as intimately connected with just views 
of other essential doctrines, and with the formation 
of an elevated christian character. Writing on this 
subject, and recommending to his correspondent 
great caution in communicating instruction to 
others, he remarks : 

"What you observe relative to Mrs. C. pleases 
me much. I see nothing particularly faulty in 
your conversation with her — to the real convert, 
comfort is to be administered— to the unrenewed 
sinner, continuing such, whatever be his situation 
in other respects, nothing but terror can be pre- 
sented. <Say ye to the righteous, it shall be well 
with them. Wo to the wicked, it shall be ill with 
him.' Not to distress any really humble soul, nor 
to encourage unwarrantably and dangerously, any 
unconverted person, requires a skill and wisdom 
which can only result from divine teaching. How 



\ 



REV. LUTHER RICE* 325 

awfully solemn and momentous is the charge of 
souls 1 ^Who is sufficient for these things? 

"Skill in these things is only to be gained by 
prayer, and close, humble waiting upon God. The 
most important things are exceedingly plain in the 
Bible; but to apply them wisely and judiciously, 
can only result from the teachings of the Holy 
Spirit. Hence, the importance of diligently study- 
ing the sacred Scriptures, and of ardently plying 
the throne of Almighty grace, in humble, incessant 
prayer. 

"It is highly important that persons be made sen- 
sible of the deep, total, and awful depravity of the 
heart, and of their infinite criminaKty before God. 
^The plague of the heart' lies deep, and till it be 
discovered, there is no prospect of a saving appli- 
cation to Christ. The person must become all over 
leprous, (Lev. xiii. 13,) that he may be pronounced 
clean; they must receive a sentence of death in 
themselves, before they will trust in that God who 
raises the dead. In fine, when they perceive them- 
selves to be lost, they are prepared to receive the 
aid of a Saviour. 

"In forming an opinion of a person's religious 
state, I am anxious to know first, whether they 
have had this proper sense of their own sinfulness 
and guilt! and secondly, whether their love to 
Christ mostly regards him or themselves ! whether 
they love him because he is holy, or only because 
they think he intends to save them.'* 
28* 



326 MEMOIRS OF 

While he thus beheld man as a depraved being, 
from whose heart God had been expelled, he not 
only believed in the necessity of an entire revolu- 
tion of mora] character, but that this change must 
be effected by the sanctifying influence of the Holy 
Spirit, through the instrumentality of truth. He 
dehghted to honor this agent as the author of all 
spiritual life. The same maybe remarked respect- 
ing his views of the atonement. Man's guilt and 
condemnation he considered as utterly beyond the 
possibility of removal, excepting through the me- 
diation of the Son of God ; who died for sinners, and 
rose again for their justification. Christ, and him 
crucified, was a theme upon which he delighted to 
meditate. He gloried only in the cross of the 
Lord Jesus. 

He was a decided believer in the doctrine of 
divine sovereignty. God was contemplated as 
working all things after the counsel of his own 
will. It was to him a truth full of interest, that 
those who are recognized as the heirs of eternal life, 
have been called according to God's "eternal pur- 
pose, which he purposed in Christ Jesus, before the 
world began." That "whom he did foreknow, he 
also did predestinate, to be conformed to the image 
of his Son ; and whom he did predestinate, them he 
also called, and whom he called, them he also justi- 
fied, and w^hom he justified them he also glori- 
fied." — This doctrine, so fully taught in the Scrip- 
tures, he often referred to as furnishing in his own 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 327 

experience an occasion of deep humility and grateful 
praise. Referring to the subject, in a letter, to a 
friend, he observes : 

"This you are aware is not only an item in my 
creed, but enters into the very ground-work of the 
hope of immortality and glory^ that has become 
established in my bosom ; and constitutes the basis 
of the submission and joyfulness found in my reli- 
gious experience. Unless it were possible, which it 
is not, for God to make some mistake as to what it 
is best should be developed in the system adopted 
and pursued by him ! Why should it not be the 
very joy of our bosoms, that he has "fore-ordained 
whatsoever comes to pass V What can real benevo- 
lence desire, but that every thing should ''come to 
pass'^ in the wisest and best manner ? to the wisest 
and best ultimate end? Could not an infinitely wise 
and good God ordain every thing to come to pass 
in this very way, and to this very end ? Such, too. 
being the fact, is it not evidently the duty and 
happiness of every one to give up himself in abso- 
lute submission to the will of God ; and to be pleased 
that all things are at the disposal and under the 
control of this infinitely wise and good Being. 

Nor is this at all incompatible with all those 
exhortations to watchfulness and diligence ; admo- 
nitions to beware of any, of the least departures 
from the right ways of the Lord, and encourage- 
ments to walk circumspectly to redeem the time ; to 
follow holiness, which abound in the sacred Scrip- 



328 MEMOIRS OP 

tures. If my recollection rightly informs me, you 
once suggested in conversation, that our happiness 
depends very much on ourselves. This, in perfect 
harmony too, in my apprehension, with the full 
conviction, that all things are of God, that of him, 
and through him^ and to him, are all things ; whose 
we are, and whose are all our ways ; and who work- 
eth all things after the counsel of his own will ; is 
most unequivocally in my judgment, correct. 

"And it clearly follov^s, it appears to me, that, in 
securing our happiness, a main and leading object 
must be, to form correct views of God, and of the 
system of truth contained in the holy Scriptures. 
To this end, nothing is more important than a 
dutiful child-like disposition. ^^If any man will do 

his will, HE SMALL KNOW OF THE DOCTRINE." 

To obtain correct views of truth ; humility, an 
obedient heart, and sincere and fervent prayer, are 
of essential importance, and will insure success. 
If these are neglected, the fault must be our own ; 
the failure in the case will be fairly, however sadly ; 
imputable to ourselves. In reference, then, to the 
solemn and exceedingly important fact, of possess- 
ing a stable and permanent basis of peace, of hope, 
and of ample consolation, which can be found in 
correct views of the truth of God, in the very sense 
of your remark ; It depends upon ourselves ; and 
should therefore call forth our serious attention^ and 
dilisjent effort. 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 329 

"But in addition to a correct and enlarged view 
of the truth of God, systematically apprehended as 
ascertained in the sacred Scriptures, to the attain- 
ment of which a right state of heart is so exceed- 
ingly important, it is also exceedingly important to 
our daily practical comfort, to be decided and prompt 
in the path of duty and holiness. I am persuaded 
that we lose much through hesitancy and indeci- 
sion. ^If ye love me, keep my commandments,^ said 
the precious Redeemer. 

"This allows not of indecision — but requires 
promptness and ready action. Is it not, therefore, 
necessary, that our minds be made up definitely as 
to the line of conduct to be pursued, touching the 
main occasions of business, conversations, and inci- 
dents of daily occurrence ; and when so made up, 
that we follow out promptly, and without question, 
the dictates of duty through all the particulars? Is 
it not also necessary, that our opinions should be 
definitely formed, on the points of obligation inci- 
dent to the circumstances in which we are placed, 
and that we should act decisively, and without hesi- 
tation, in accordance with those opinions ? 

"I am persuaded that we lose much, very much, 
of the comforts in religion, which we might other- 
wise enjoy, by our very negligence in these respects. 
To be decided christians — to live for heaven daily, 
hourly — to be constant, and undeviating, and prompt 
in the path of duty — to keep a conscience void of 
offence towards God and towards man : this, this is 



330 MEMOIRS OF 

the way, I doubt not, to let our light shine, to glo- 
rify God, to enjoy comfort ourselves, and to do 
good to others. If we fail of this, the fault must be 
our own. By sincere w^atchfulness, by serious and 
attentive consideration, by earnest prayer, and by 
careful circumspection and diligence, this elevated 
and happy condition may undoubtedly be attained. 

**God grant that while I write these things — 
hoping they may prove acceptable, and, perhaps in 
some degree, even beneficial to you — my own 
course, and conduct, and conversation, may be, by 
the effectual operation of the Holy Spirit, in view 
of these things, modified more and more by the 
stamp of truth and goodness : ' Whatsoever things 
are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever 
things are just, ichatsoever things are pure, whatso- 
ever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good 
report.' May I be assisted by the grace and good 
spirit of the Lord, evermore to 'think on these thiiigs.' 
How happy, how impressively excellent, must be 
the character that is modified, and moulded, and 
constantly governed, by the enlightening and puri- 
fying influence of Hhe glorious gospel of the blessed 
God:'' 

From the above extract, it will be perceived that 
he did not hold the truth in unrighteousness. The 
doctrine of divine decrees has often, in various re- 
spects, suffered injury. By its enemies, it has been 
caricatured. Presented in a distorted shape, and 
arrayed in tattered garments, its true loveliness has 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 331 

been concealed from the eye. All have turned 
away from the sight with disgust. By some of its 
avowed friends, also, it has been much abused ; its 
legitimate tendencies, if not misunderstood, have 
been unfelt. 

While the truth that believers are chosen in Christ 
from the foundation of the world, has been main- 
tained, they seem to have forgotten the practical 
design, that they might be holy, and without blame 
before him in love. What God has joined together, 
they have put asunder. In an eminent degree did 
the subject of this biography delight to contemplate 
the harmony of the Scriptures, and their practical 
influence in promoting the good of men and the 
glory of God. 

In another communication, he thus refers to this 
doctrine : 

"How many proofs have we of the truth of what 
God says : *That he will work, and none shall let 
it.' The conduct of his providence is wonderful ; 
it evinces his sovereignty and his inscrutable wis- 
dom, as well as his boundless benevolence. In one 
place, we may behold the people deeply anxious 
about eternal concerns, while the inhabitants of 
neighboring places are wrapt up in careless, pro- 
found stupidity. Here a faithful minister of Christ 
preaches the gospel with clearness and energy, but 
apparently without success, or, at least, with very 
partial and limited effect ; there, the people become 
anxious, even where the gospel is not preached in 



332 MEMOIRS OF 

purity, or where the minister himself is opposed to 
an awakening. 

**Here we may observe a minister of superior 
talents, and of apparently superior piety, diligence, 
and fidelity, but still his preaching seems to be 
mostly only a savor of death unto death ; while 
there, again, we may see a man of scanty abilities 
blest with effusions of the Holy Spirit among the 
people of his charge, and is instrumental, appa- 
rently, in the hand of God, to the conversion of 
many souls. 

^^What but the glorious sovereignty of Jehovah 
does all this evince ? He will send by the hand of 
whom he will send. 'He will have mercy on whom 
he will have mercy, and whom he will he harden- 
eth.' He will bless his faithful servant, to whom he 
has committed only scanty abilities, rather than the 
man of eminent endowments, lest his hand should 
be overlooked, and the attention be directed to the 
creature, instead of the Creator. Gideon's army 
must be lessened from many thousands to a mere 
handful— to only three hundred ! — lest Israel should 
vaunt themselves, and attribute their success and 
victory to the force of numbers, rather than the 
power and agency of the Lord of hosts. 

"How absurd it is, therefore, to contend against 
the doctrine of election, or decrees, or divine sove- 
reignty. Let us not, however, become bitter against 
those who view this matter in a different light, nor 
treat them in a supercilious manner ; rather let us 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 333 

be gentle towards all men. For who has made us 
to differ from what we once were ? Who has re- 
moved the scales from om* eyes ? or who has dis- 
posed us to embrace the truth ? 

"Why are not w^e sunk in fatal error? Why 
not hke alas ! too many of our friends and rela- 
tives, replying against God, rejecting his mercy, 
despising his truth, neglecting the Saviour, or stu- 
pidly unsolicitous about the welfare of our immor- 
tal souls ? *0h ! to grace how great a debtor V 
Let us be humble, not only in view of past wicked- 
ness, but of daily sins, and short-comings in duty — 
and let us have pity on our fellow creatures ; sure- 
ly we cannot be indifferent to their awfully perilous 
situation — let us pray for them ; and as opportunity 
offers, warn them of their danger, and plead with 
them by the pains and mercies of our dying, reign- 
ing Saviour, to come unto him that they may have 
life." 

That the responsibihties of men are not affected 
by the purposes of God, Mr. Rice most sincerely 
believed, and on this particular topic, he very inte- 
restingly expatiates in another communication. **An 
observation you make, that under God our happi- 
ness depends on ourselves, appears to me important 
and valuable. In perfect accordance with this sen- 
timent, is that impressive exhortation of the apostle 
Jude: *But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on 
your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Ghost, 
keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for 
29 



334 MEMOIRS OF 

the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal 
life,' 

"This is a precept of superior excellence. It 
connects itself with results, and the contemplation 
of prospects of the most powerful interest, of amaz- 
ing majesty and sweetness. It dwells much upon 
my mind; I trust it dwells with divine influence 
upon my heart. Would to God I might possess 
and manifest, more and more of the real savor of 
godliness it is so well calculated to inspire. 

"Now the meditating on such a passage, the 
bringing of it frequently within the hearty, delibe- 
rate, and cherished contemplations of the mind, 
depends very much on ourselves ; on our own pro- 
per option — the effect too, cannot fail of being seen 
in the life, and state of the heart. 

"Indeed, this train of thought suggests the very 
serious and weighty responsibilities of every day, 
and of every hour; in fact, of every moment ! To 
possess the lively impress of such passages as the one 
referred to, and which depends so very much upon 
ourselves, the proper action of our own minds and 
hearts at our own option, in the case, is obviously the 
way to be happy. It is the way to feel that deep and 
lively interest in divine things in the cause of God, 
which is so evidently the very basis and material of 
our best enjoyments ; the very way to realize the 
truth, and the inexpressible sweetness of the senti- 
ment in the answer to the first question, in that 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 335 

admirable catechism referred to in my former let- 
ter: 'To glorify God and enjoy him for ever !^ 

"And this we cannot but see is in perfect agree- 
ment with that solemn declaration of the apostle 
Paul, that Ho be carnally minded is death, but to 
be sj)iritually minded is life and peace,^ When 
such is the condition of the heart, it will be una- 
voidably manifested in the deportment ; for 'out of 
the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh ;' 
this then is the way, both to glorify and enjoy God, 
and to do good to our fellow sinners, the way, the 
very way, and the only way to fulfil the very 
serious and grave responsibilities of our relation to 
those around us. When the real life and spiritua- 
lity of true religion thus abounds in the heart, so 
as unavoidably as it then cannot but do, to manifest 
itself in the temper and conversation, it cannot fail 
to make a beneficial impression on all around ; an 
impression of the truth, excellence, and importance 
of real godliness." 

While these great doctrines of the divine w^ord 
w^ere highly regarded by Mr. Rice on account of 
their practical importance, and while he was ready 
on every suitable occasion to defend and urge them, 
he was not inclined to indulge in mere metaphysi- 
cal distinctions, or to pronounce harshly on those 
who might in some slight particulars, differ from 
him. He believed that what the apostle called 
*vain jangling,' was too prevalent among the dis- 
ciples of Christ, and deeply deplored it. 



336 MEMOIRS OF 

It was his wish to see the truth maintained, not 
for the purpose of promoting a denominational 
theory, but because it had been taught by the great 
Teacher, and when it was brought distinctly to 
view, he desired to see it in connection with the 
great design of its author, the sanctification and 
salvation of men. **It has seemed to me, he observ- 
ed to a friend, to whom he wrote, that some breth- 
ren have dwelt so much upon the exhortations of 
the Bible, the invitations of the Saviour, and the 
obligations of sinners, that they have much omitted, 
not to say almost forgotten, that Jesus Christ said, 
^710 man can come to me except the Father draw 
him;^ and that when they asked, 'who then can be 
savedP he distinctly replied : with men it is impos- 
sible,' &c. 

*'0n the other hand, some would seem to have 
dwelt so almost exclusively, or at least so constant- 
ly and earnestly on the plan, and purposes, and 
power of the Lord Jesus, and the necessity of the 
agency of the Holy Spirit to work salvation in the 
soul ; as to have seemingly forgot, or much to have 
omitted the consideration, that 'God now commands 
all men every where to repent.' The apostle Paul 
urged 'repentance toward God, and faith toward 
our Lord Jesus Christ ;' that Christ himself dis- 
tinctly said : 'repent ye and believe the gospel,' 
and that the very commission left with the apostles, 
was to that effect : 'that repentance' as well as 
^remission of sins should be preached in his name 
among all nations.' 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 337 

"And so on the one side, they call the others 
Arminians, and these again pronounce those to be 
Antinomians. I think it would be much better if 
both these words were disused, and that brethren 
holding the same vital truths, instead of getting as 
far apart as they can, on account of some points 
not absolutely vital, should come as near together 
as possible; and as the Holy Ghost commands, 
should 'love as brethren,'' and also be 'courteous J 
'Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren 
to dwell together in unity J " 

Speaking of the obligations of ministers to be faith- 
ful in teaching the whole truth, in reply to one who 
seemed afraid to hear the decrees of God adverted 
to in the pulpit, he says : "Does the brother mean 
to imply that 'purposes and decrees^ are not found 
in the Bible, and do not, therefore, constitute any 
part of 'the gospel V If found here, why should 
they not be preached ? Ought not every preacher 
of the gospel be able to say with Paul : 'For I have 
not shunned to declare uuto you all the counsel of 
God,'' and if so, must he not ^preach purposes V 
or, would our brother object to the preaching of 
*such purposes' as the following : ^That the Gentiles 
should be fellow heirs, and of the same body, and 
partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel, 
according to the eternal purpose, which he pur- 
posed in Christ Jesus our Lord.' ^Having made 
known unto us the mystery of his will, according 
to his good pleasure, which he had purposed 
29* 



338 MEMOIRS OF 

in himself.' ^In whom we have obtained an inhe- 
ritance, being predestinated according to the pur- 
pose of Him who worketh all things after the coun^ 
sel of his own will.' 

*^ ^By decrees,^ does he mean any thing different 
from predestination ? If not, could he be displeased 
with the preaching of such as : 'Having predesti- 
nated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus 
Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure 
of his will.' *For whom he did foreknow, he also 
did PREDESTINATE to bc conformod to the image 
of his Son.' *For we are his workmanship, created 
in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath 
before ordained ; (is not here a blessed decree, and 
one that should be preached?) nhat we should walk 
in them V 

^'Similar passages are numerous, and surely the 
*good minister of Jesus Christ' cannot excuse him- 
self, or be approved in it by his master, if he shuns 
to declare this part of the counsel of God, while he 
certainly ought to press the obligation of 'all men 
every where to repent,' and to 'believe the gospel ;' 
in short, to urge 'repentance towards God, and faith 
towards our Lord Jesus Christ,' as the immediate 
duty of all, and earnestly to 'assert the claims of 
Messiah upon every mortal.' " 

A correspondent of the Christian Watchman, a 
short time after his death, writes : 

"The Baptist church, in Lynn, Mass. now con- 
sists of one hundred and ninety-three members, and 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 339 

is efficient in its labors of love. It has also a large 
and prosperous society. In 1814 or 1815, Mr. 
Rice in one of his journeys for the benefit of the 
foreign mission, called at this place, where he found 
three or four Baptist famiUes. At that time, they 
had no public meetings established for religious 
worship. Mr. Rice inquired whether it w^as not 
their duty to establish lectures by Baptist ministers, 
weekly or semi-monthly, offering at the same time, 
if they would open their doors for this purpose, to 
go and engage the ministers of Boston, and other 
places to supply them. To this they agreed, and 
Mr. Rice w^ent immediately and induced Messrs. 
Baldwin, Sharp, ChapUn, Bolles, and others, to 
engage in this service. 

*^This lecture was regularly maintained for two 
years, and part of the time, once a week. During 
this period, there was a revival of religion ; several 
persons were baptised, and a church constituted in 
1816, which, through the grace of our Lord Jesus 
Christ, has thus become a large and prosperous 
christian community.'' 

For some time after he became a Baptist, Mr. 
Rice was inclined to believe in the propriety of 
general, or open communion. Subsequently, his 
sentiments on this subject, underwent a change. 
Upon investigation, he saw the inexpediency and 
inconsistency of the practice, and therefore, could 
not sanction it. 



340 MEMOIRS OF 

He thus expresses his sentiments on the impor- 
tance of well-written biographies, and, in doing so, 
indicates how dear to his heart was the memory of 
his former friend and associate, Dr. Staughton. 

*<Having mentioned the Columbian College, let 
me add, that I have lately read with high satisfac- 
tion the memoir of its former president, the truly 
distinguished elder William Staughton, by elder S. 
W. Lvnd. This is a rich treasure ; and the editor, 
I conceive, has conferred a signal favor on the 
churches, particularly on young ministers, by pro- 
ducing it. Blemishes there are, no doubt, in the 
work ; but I trust the good sense of the writer, 
prompted, perhaps, by the suggestions of others, 
will wipe them away, should another edition, which 
will doubtless be the case, be called for. It is 
thought there is too much endeavor, on the part of 
elder Lynd, to eulogize his deceased relative. This, 
however, is but natural, and perhaps would hardly 
be so much thought of;, were it not for his relation 
to the family. 

"After all, the highest eulogy of the excellent 
Staughton is found in his laborious and useful life, 
and in the specimens furnished in the memoir, and 
elsewhere; such as, his missionary sermon at the 
meeting of the Triennial Convention of the Baptist 
denomination in the United States, at Washington 
city, in 1823; his w^elcome to La Fayette at the 
Columbian College ; his eulogium on Dr. Rush ; his 
sermon on the death of the ex-president, at the 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 341 

Capitol, by public request; his sermon at the open- 
ing of a meeting-house near Trenton, N. J. ; his 
address to a class of young ministers, on their com- 
pleting their course and closing their connection 
with the institution under his care ; his various let- 
ters, and other productions, too numerous to be 
mentioned here ; — these afford gems and pearls of 
great value. 

"I am sorry to find the term ^orator' so often ap- 
plied to him, or applied to him at all ; not because 
he did not possess, in an eminent degree, the attri- 
butes denoted by that term, but because it falls so 
far short of appropriately expressing what he did 
possess; and because it fails so essentially in that 
sacredness of import, which ought ever to be upper- 
most in the mind, when viewing this eminent man 
of God in the attitude of pouring forth those hea- 
venly, heart-moving, powerful effusions and fervors 
which so often burst out from his full soul ! 

"Recently, too, I have had most particular satis- 
faction in reading the very highly interesting me- 
moir of the so dearly beloved and lamented brother 
Boardman, by elder Alonzo King ; he died literally 
at his post, in the midst of his converted Karens. 
The contemplation of his devotion, his trials, his 
labors, and his success, fills my bosom with inde- 
scribable emotions — with astonishment and delight! 

"In the memoir of the venerable Roger Williams, 
from the well known ability and industry of the 
writer, Professor Knowles, of the Newton Theo- 



342 MEMOIRS OF 

logical Institution, I promise mj^self very rich and 
abundant satisfaction. 

^^The memoirs of pious, pains-taking, useful min- 
isters of the gospel, I cannot but regard as among 
the most beneficial works for the perusal of minis- 
ters, especially in the early part of their ministry ; 
and elder Babcock, now president of Waterville 
College, is well entitled, I conceive, to the gratitude 
of the American churches, for his edition of the 
Memoirs of Fuller. I have long wanted to see a 
memoir of the greatly distinguished elder Richard 
Furman, late of Charleston, South Carolina ; and 
regret that there has not appeared a memoir of the 
no less distinguished elder Thomas Baldwin, late of 
Boston, Massachusetts." 



The following lines were written by Charles VV. 
Denison, and were suggested by the dying words of 
Mr. Rice : 

Aye, take them to the College ! let them be 

My dying testament. I shall be dead 

To night. And now my heart untwines its ties 

On earth, and gives its treasures back again 

To heaven — the heart of all the universe. 

Come near my friends, ye need not fear to breathe 

Beside me now. O would my mounting soul 

Had ever soared in atmosphere like this ! 

'Tis heaven's own air that floats around me here, 

And ye should joy to drink it freely in ! 

Come nearer. I have much to say — and I 

Am passing like a shadow on the face 

Of time. My destiny has been to point 



REV. LUTHER RICE. 343 

To the meridian of the chuich — and now 
My spirit points to that of endless day. 

how it soars ! and longs to bathe its wings 
In the full sunshine of the face of God ! 
But, ere I mount, grant me this one request ; 
Take all, and give the College. Let the wealth 
Which some might bring to gild my cofl&n with. 
Be consecrated where was my poor life. 
Notliing for me — but every thing for God ! 

And let me die, as I have lived, all armed 
For battle, on the tented field. Let the sounds 
Of rushing hosts — of flashing banner free 
Along the breeze — and clash of sword with sword 
In spiritual aifray — and cheers and shouts 
Of "Victory ! Victory !" greet me as I die — 
O, 'tis glorious thus to fall asleep. 

Hark ! did you speak of India ? or did I ? 
Or was I dreaming of it ? Yet methought, 

1 heard the voice of Newell — was it thine. 
My Judson ? Thou panoplied of God ! 

Ah Boardman ! is it thou that speaks ? I hear ! 

I hear ! And Wheelock ! art thou there ? 

These river damps have loaded me with chills. 

So I but illy hear thee ! Bring ye news ? 

Have dying pagans turned to Christ to day ? 

Oh! I have walked a weary round ! and yet 

It was not wearying — for I had rod 

And staff in all the promises — and there 

Were some in whom the word did strike its roots. 

Shout ! for the harvest reapers and our arms 

Shall bring their loads of sheaves and cast them in 

The granary of God. But Judson ! see ! 

Thy wife is falling there ! she falls ! what she, 

The good — the brave — the fair ! and Boardman, too I 

Yonder, within the jungle where he toiled. 

They dug his grave. How heavy is the air 

I breathe from this low place of death ! I faint 

I sink I 

Ah ! no ! it was a dream ! methought 

I was in India — but I see ye, friends 



344 MEMOIRS OF REV. LUTHER RICE. 

Are all beside me ! Heard ye my request ! 
Aye take them to the College ! Let me die 
With their departed spirits hovering 
Around me, and their benisons shall drop 
Like dew upon my soul. Hail ! Staughton, hail ! 
I see thee now — I hear thy welcome song ! 
I come ! I come ! and as I mount to fly, 
I catch a glimpse of those I seek, beyond ! 
Karens ! my Burmans I ye are with them there. 
Your hands good friends — 'Tis sweet to part as now 
For that which wings me on, wings you. Aye, take 
All to the College ! I am heaven's and God's. 




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